fbpx
Wikipedia

PC Transport Systems

January 21, 2023

PC Transport systems LLC (PC TS) is a Russian company specializing in the production of urban electric vehicles: trams, trolleybuses and electric buses.

PC Transport systems LLC
Native name
ООО «ПК Транспортные системы»
TypePrivate limited company
Industrymechanical engineering
Founded2013 (2013)
Headquarters
Moscow
,
Russia
Productstrams, trolleybuses, electric buses
Websitepk-ts.org

History

The company was founded by Felix Vinokur in 2013, after leaving the founders of Trading house Ust-Katav Wagon-Building Plant LLC.[1] In 2014, on the basis of the Vinokur’s company developments at the leased facilities of the Tver Carriage Works launched the production of the 71-911 "City Star" tram and later the "Vityaz" tram, which received a certificate for industrial production in 2015.[2]

In April 2017, the company's management announced their availability to take over the Tver tram system as a concession, promising to invest 6 billion rubles in the development of the Tver tram to continue to support it for over ten years.[3] In early 2018, the company began construction of a factory for the production of aluminum carriages for trams at the Tver Mechanical Factory Plant of Electric Transport, a separate structural department of the PC TS. The cost of the new factory, according to 2019’s data, was one billion rubles.[4] In 2020, the factory started production of a tram with an aluminum alloy carriage.[5] However, the Tver tramway system closed in November 2018.[6]

In March 2018, Felix Vinokur signed an agreement with the leaders of Saratov and Saratov Oblast on modernizing tram traffic and establishing high-speed tram lines in Saratov.[7]

In May 2018, the company moved the assembly of tram carriages from Tver to Saint Petersburg, establishing a separate structural department - "Nevsky Factory Plant of Electric Transport" and leasing the Oktyabrsky electric car repair factory.[8] PC TS leased the factory on Sedov street for 1 billion 183.36 million rubles.[9] In November 2018, the management of PC Transport systems suggested to make a 30-year concession agreement to make a medium-capacity rail system in Novokuznetsk for 10 billion rubles.[10]

In December 2019, the company leased part of the territory of the former Trolza factory in Engels, where a separate structural department of PC Transport systems, the Engels factory Plant of Electric Transport, began functioning.[11] The payment of 11 months' rent allowed Trolza to pay off their salary debts to their employees.[12]

PC Transport systems invested 300 million rubles in the Engels factory.[13] At the same time, the Engels plant began mass production of low-floor trolleybuses "Admiral" with increased off-wire travel.[14]

Vehicles

PC Transport Systems takes part in the development, production and sale of trams, trolleybuses and electric buses. The produced transport operates in Moscow,[15] Saint Petersburg,[16] Krasnodar,[17] Rostov-on-don,[18] Daugavpils,[19] Ulan-Ude,[20] Kazan[21] and Perm.[22]

Since 2014, single-section trams 71-911 City Star and 71-911EM Lionet, two-section 71-923 Bogatyr, 71-923M Bogatyr-M, three-section 71-922 Varyag, 71-931 Vityaz, 71-931M Vityaz-M and 71-934 Lion have been serially produced at the company's facilities.[9][23]

The company also produces an electric bus Pioneer and a low-floor trolleybus Admiral-6281with increased autonomous travel. In 2020 production of the Admiral 2020 trolleybus began.[24][25]

Trolleybuses and Electric buses

Name Start of
release 		Number built Length
(mm) 		Width
(mm) 		Seats Passenger
capacity 		Photo Notes
Pioneer-6218 2018 1[26] 11 715 2500 29 85
Pioneer-6245 2021 1 Burnt down due to battery fire[27]
PKTS-6281.00 'Admiral' 2015 202[28] 12 920 2500 25 100  
PKTS-6281.01 'Admiral' (Admiral 2020) 2019 27[29] 12 375 2500 30 96

Trams

Family Subtype Start of
release 		Number built Length
(mm) 		Width
(mm) 		Seats Passenger
capacity 		Photo
71-931 71-931М 'Vityaz-М' 432[30] 27 500 2500 60 185-265  
71-931AM 'Vityaz-Leningrad' 2021 2[31]
71-931 'Vityaz' 11[32] 27 000 2500 53 220-320  
71-922 'Varyag' 2016[33] 1 21 420 2500 38 123-196  
71-921 [ru] 'Corsair' 2020 1[34] 20500 2300[35] 122-177
71-923 [ru] 71-923 'Bogatyr' 3[36] 19 000 2500 34 131-184
71-923М 'Bogatyr-М' 2019 12[37] 19 405 2500 45 138-193
71-911 71-911 'City Star' 2014[38] 15[38] 16 500 2500 33 119-170  
71-911E 'City Star' 2016 36[39]
71-911ЕМ 'Lionet' 2018 113[40] 16 700 2500 34 111-155  
71-934 [ru] 71-934 'Lion' 2018 1[41] 34 700 2500 70 265-382  

Financial performance

At the end of 2018, the company's revenue was 9.1 billion rubles, and its profit was 2.1 billion rubles. In addition, in 2018, PC Transport systems paid 1.1 billion rubles as tax deductions.[42]

Owners

As of 2018, 60% of PC Transport systems LLC’s shares were owned by Transmashholding LLC, and 40 % were owned by PC Transport systems’ president Felix Vinokur.[9] General Director of PC Transport systems is Alexander Dubrovkin.[43]

Indicators 2014[44] 2015[44] 2016[44] 2017[44] 2018[42]
Proceeds from sales 0 420 m 864 m 10,4 billions 9,1 billions
Cost 35 m 342 m 649 m 6,4 billions
Net profit -32 m -1,9 m 129 m 3,1 billions 2,1 billions

References

  1. ^ "Тверской вагонзавод осваивает производство современных трамваев". ТИА (in Russian). 2014-06-19. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  2. ^ "Alstom и "Транспортные системы" готовы поставить Петербургу трамваи за 1 млрд рублей". Delovoy Peterburg (in Russian). 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  3. ^ Алексей Полухин, Анастасия Веденеева (13 April 2017). "Трамвай до концессии" (64) (Коммерсантъ ed.): 11. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ ""ПК Транспортные системы" строит завод по производству алюминиевых кузовов для трамвайных вагонов". Экспофорум (in Russian). 2019-04-25.
  5. ^ Сергей Куликов (2020-04-23). ""Витязь-М" получает алюминиевый "доспех"". Эксперт (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  6. ^ "Tver". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  7. ^ Ольга Бирюкова (2018-03-05). "В Саратове подписали соглашение о модернизации трамвайного движения". Коммерсантъ (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  8. ^ Яна Войцеховская (6 May 2019). ""Горэлектротранс" нашел единственного поставщика трамваев" (77) (Коммерсантъ ed.): 12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ a b c "Производитель трамваев "Транспортные системы" арендует мощности у завода ТМХ в Петербурге". Интерфакс Россия (in Russian). 2018-03-23. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  10. ^ Оксана Павлова, Юлия Матющенко (13 November 2018). "С легким рельсом" (209) (Коммерсантъ ed.). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ Марина Лайкаск (2019-11-06). ""Транспортные системы" Феликса Винокура тихо открыли производство на энгельсской "Тролзе" и уже выпустили два троллейбуса". Бизнес-вектор (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  12. ^ Дмитрий Герасимов (2019-12-27). "Новый инвестор "Тролзы" добавит к троллейбусам трамваи". Взгляд-инфо (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  13. ^ Марина Лайкаск (2020-02-20). ""Адмирал" идет по курсу: 87 троллейбусов Энгельсского завода электротранспорта уедут в Санкт-Петербург уже летом". Бизнес-вектор (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  14. ^ "ПК "Транспортные системы" начала серийный выпуск троллейбусов на площадях "Тролзы"". ТАСС (in Russian). 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  15. ^ ""ПК Транспортные системы" поставили столице четыре новых трамвая "Витязь-Москва"". Говорит Москва (in Russian). 2020-04-27. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  16. ^ "Московский производитель трамваев снизил цену контракта на 60 млн по просьбе Смольного". Delovoy Peterburg (in Russian). 2015-05-07. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  17. ^ Юлия Лунская (2016-04-11). "Новый троллейбус "Адмирал" прибыл в Краснодар вслед за трамваем". Транспорт в России (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  18. ^ Сергей Деркачёв (2018-10-04). "Московская компания отказалась ремонтировать поставленные в Ростов дефектные трамваи". donnews.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  19. ^ ""Наш человек!": министр сообщения Латвии проехался на российском трамвае". mixnews.lv (in Russian). 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  20. ^ Павел Яблоков (2019-11-12). "Вперёд, на рельсы! Все "Львята" для Улан-Удэ готовы". Транспорт в России (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  21. ^ "В Казани закупят пять трамваев City Star за 135 миллионов рублей". kazanfirst.ru (in Russian). 2019-09-10. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  22. ^ ""Лев" и "Львенок" останутся в Перми". Коммерсантъ (in Russian). 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  23. ^ Сергей Куликов (2020-04-23). ""Витязь-М" получает алюминиевый "доспех"". Эксперт (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  24. ^ Андрей Куликов (2020-02-20). "В Энгельсе будут выпускать троллейбус нового поколения". Российская газета (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  25. ^ "В Энгельсе представили новый троллейбус (но не под маркой Тролза)". Drom.ru (in Russian). 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  26. ^ "Pioneer-6218 — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  27. ^ "Saint-Petersburg, electric bus # 6245". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  28. ^ "PKTS-6281.00 "Admiral"". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  29. ^ "PKTS-6281.01 "Admiral"". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  30. ^ "71-931M "Vityaz-M" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  31. ^ "71-931AM "Vityaz-Leningrad" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  32. ^ "71-931 "Vityaz"". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  33. ^ "71-922 "Varyag" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  34. ^ "71-921 "Korsar" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  35. ^ "Products". pk-ts.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  36. ^ "71-923 "Bogatyr"". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  37. ^ "71-923M "Bogatyr-M"". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  38. ^ a b "71-911 "City Star"". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  39. ^ "71-911E "City Star" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  40. ^ "71-911EM "Lvyonok" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  41. ^ "71-934 "Lev" — Roster". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  42. ^ a b Марина Лайкаск (2019-11-08). "В Энгельсе на новом заводе электротранспорта собрали два низкопольных троллейбуса марки "Адмирал"". Бизнес-вектор (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  43. ^ ""ПК Транспортные системы" возобновила производство троллейбусов на заводе в Энгельсе". Интерфакс-Россия (in Russian). 2020-04-10. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  44. ^ a b c d Дубровкин, Д.А. (2018). "Повышение финансовой безопасности производственного предприятия (на примере ООО "ПК Транспортные системы")" (PDF) (in Russian). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

External links

  • С.В. Иванов, Д.П. Богату, Р.Л. Мичуров, А.А. Матвеев. "Эволюция трамваев ПК ТС как пример влияния долгосрочного заказа на техническое развитие подвижного состава" (PDF) (журнал) (2) (Техника железных дорог ed.): 45–50. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Luc Koenot. "Russia: A (cautious) tram revival?" (992) (Tramways & Urban Transit ed.): 299–304. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "Shaking up the Russian tram market" (Metro Report International ed.). 2018: 50–55. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

January 21, 2023
transport, systems, transport, systems, russian, company, specializing, production, urban, electric, vehicles, trams, trolleybuses, electric, buses, transport, systems, llcnative, nameООО, ПК, Транспортные, системы, typeprivate, limited, companyindustrymechani. PC Transport systems LLC PC TS is a Russian company specializing in the production of urban electric vehicles trams trolleybuses and electric buses PC Transport systems LLCNative nameOOO PK Transportnye sistemy TypePrivate limited companyIndustrymechanical engineeringFounded2013 2013 HeadquartersMoscow RussiaProductstrams trolleybuses electric busesWebsitepk ts wbr org Contents 1 History 2 Vehicles 2 1 Trolleybuses and Electric buses 2 2 Trams 3 Financial performance 4 Owners 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit 71 931 The company was founded by Felix Vinokur in 2013 after leaving the founders of Trading house Ust Katav Wagon Building Plant LLC 1 In 2014 on the basis of the Vinokur s company developments at the leased facilities of the Tver Carriage Works launched the production of the 71 911 City Star tram and later the Vityaz tram which received a certificate for industrial production in 2015 2 In April 2017 the company s management announced their availability to take over the Tver tram system as a concession promising to invest 6 billion rubles in the development of the Tver tram to continue to support it for over ten years 3 In early 2018 the company began construction of a factory for the production of aluminum carriages for trams at the Tver Mechanical Factory Plant of Electric Transport a separate structural department of the PC TS The cost of the new factory according to 2019 s data was one billion rubles 4 In 2020 the factory started production of a tram with an aluminum alloy carriage 5 However the Tver tramway system closed in November 2018 6 In March 2018 Felix Vinokur signed an agreement with the leaders of Saratov and Saratov Oblast on modernizing tram traffic and establishing high speed tram lines in Saratov 7 In May 2018 the company moved the assembly of tram carriages from Tver to Saint Petersburg establishing a separate structural department Nevsky Factory Plant of Electric Transport and leasing the Oktyabrsky electric car repair factory 8 PC TS leased the factory on Sedov street for 1 billion 183 36 million rubles 9 In November 2018 the management of PC Transport systems suggested to make a 30 year concession agreement to make a medium capacity rail system in Novokuznetsk for 10 billion rubles 10 In December 2019 the company leased part of the territory of the former Trolza factory in Engels where a separate structural department of PC Transport systems the Engels factory Plant of Electric Transport began functioning 11 The payment of 11 months rent allowed Trolza to pay off their salary debts to their employees 12 PC Transport systems invested 300 million rubles in the Engels factory 13 At the same time the Engels plant began mass production of low floor trolleybuses Admiral with increased off wire travel 14 Vehicles EditPC Transport Systems takes part in the development production and sale of trams trolleybuses and electric buses The produced transport operates in Moscow 15 Saint Petersburg 16 Krasnodar 17 Rostov on don 18 Daugavpils 19 Ulan Ude 20 Kazan 21 and Perm 22 Since 2014 single section trams 71 911 City Star and 71 911EM Lionet two section 71 923 Bogatyr 71 923M Bogatyr M three section 71 922 Varyag 71 931 Vityaz 71 931M Vityaz M and 71 934 Lion have been serially produced at the company s facilities 9 23 The company also produces an electric bus Pioneer and a low floor trolleybus Admiral 6281with increased autonomous travel In 2020 production of the Admiral 2020 trolleybus began 24 25 Trolleybuses and Electric buses Edit Name Start ofrelease Number built Length mm Width mm Seats Passengercapacity Photo NotesPioneer 6218 2018 1 26 11 715 2500 29 85Pioneer 6245 2021 1 Burnt down due to battery fire 27 PKTS 6281 00 Admiral 2015 202 28 12 920 2500 25 100 PKTS 6281 01 Admiral Admiral 2020 2019 27 29 12 375 2500 30 96Trams Edit Family Subtype Start ofrelease Number built Length mm Width mm Seats Passengercapacity Photo71 931 71 931M Vityaz M 432 30 27 500 2500 60 185 265 71 931AM Vityaz Leningrad 2021 2 31 71 931 Vityaz 11 32 27 000 2500 53 220 320 71 922 Varyag 2016 33 1 21 420 2500 38 123 196 71 921 ru Corsair 2020 1 34 20500 2300 35 122 17771 923 ru 71 923 Bogatyr 3 36 19 000 2500 34 131 18471 923M Bogatyr M 2019 12 37 19 405 2500 45 138 19371 911 71 911 City Star 2014 38 15 38 16 500 2500 33 119 170 71 911E City Star 2016 36 39 71 911EM Lionet 2018 113 40 16 700 2500 34 111 155 71 934 ru 71 934 Lion 2018 1 41 34 700 2500 70 265 382 Financial performance EditAt the end of 2018 the company s revenue was 9 1 billion rubles and its profit was 2 1 billion rubles In addition in 2018 PC Transport systems paid 1 1 billion rubles as tax deductions 42 Owners EditAs of 2018 60 of PC Transport systems LLC s shares were owned by Transmashholding LLC and 40 were owned by PC Transport systems president Felix Vinokur 9 General Director of PC Transport systems is Alexander Dubrovkin 43 Indicators 2014 44 2015 44 2016 44 2017 44 2018 42 Proceeds from sales 0 420 m 864 m 10 4 billions 9 1 billionsCost 35 m 342 m 649 m 6 4 billionsNet profit 32 m 1 9 m 129 m 3 1 billions 2 1 billionsReferences Edit Tverskoj vagonzavod osvaivaet proizvodstvo sovremennyh tramvaev TIA in Russian 2014 06 19 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Alstom i Transportnye sistemy gotovy postavit Peterburgu tramvai za 1 mlrd rublej Delovoy Peterburg in Russian 2015 04 14 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Aleksej Poluhin Anastasiya Vedeneeva 13 April 2017 Tramvaj do koncessii 64 Kommersant ed 11 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help PK Transportnye sistemy stroit zavod po proizvodstvu alyuminievyh kuzovov dlya tramvajnyh vagonov Ekspoforum in Russian 2019 04 25 Sergej Kulikov 2020 04 23 Vityaz M poluchaet alyuminievyj dospeh Ekspert in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Tver transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 Olga Biryukova 2018 03 05 V Saratove podpisali soglashenie o modernizacii tramvajnogo dvizheniya Kommersant in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Yana Vojcehovskaya 6 May 2019 Gorelektrotrans nashel edinstvennogo postavshika tramvaev 77 Kommersant ed 12 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c Proizvoditel tramvaev Transportnye sistemy arenduet moshnosti u zavoda TMH v Peterburge Interfaks Rossiya in Russian 2018 03 23 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Oksana Pavlova Yuliya Matyushenko 13 November 2018 S legkim relsom 209 Kommersant ed a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Marina Lajkask 2019 11 06 Transportnye sistemy Feliksa Vinokura tiho otkryli proizvodstvo na engelsskoj Trolze i uzhe vypustili dva trollejbusa Biznes vektor in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Dmitrij Gerasimov 2019 12 27 Novyj investor Trolzy dobavit k trollejbusam tramvai Vzglyad info in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Marina Lajkask 2020 02 20 Admiral idet po kursu 87 trollejbusov Engelsskogo zavoda elektrotransporta uedut v Sankt Peterburg uzhe letom Biznes vektor in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 PK Transportnye sistemy nachala serijnyj vypusk trollejbusov na ploshadyah Trolzy TASS in Russian 2020 02 20 Retrieved 2020 07 01 PK Transportnye sistemy postavili stolice chetyre novyh tramvaya Vityaz Moskva Govorit Moskva in Russian 2020 04 27 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Moskovskij proizvoditel tramvaev snizil cenu kontrakta na 60 mln po prosbe Smolnogo Delovoy Peterburg in Russian 2015 05 07 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Yuliya Lunskaya 2016 04 11 Novyj trollejbus Admiral pribyl v Krasnodar vsled za tramvaem Transport v Rossii in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Sergej Derkachyov 2018 10 04 Moskovskaya kompaniya otkazalas remontirovat postavlennye v Rostov defektnye tramvai donnews ru in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Nash chelovek ministr soobsheniya Latvii proehalsya na rossijskom tramvae mixnews lv in Russian 2020 02 11 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Pavel Yablokov 2019 11 12 Vperyod na relsy Vse Lvyata dlya Ulan Ude gotovy Transport v Rossii in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 V Kazani zakupyat pyat tramvaev City Star za 135 millionov rublej kazanfirst ru in Russian 2019 09 10 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Lev i Lvenok ostanutsya v Permi Kommersant in Russian 2020 02 24 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Sergej Kulikov 2020 04 23 Vityaz M poluchaet alyuminievyj dospeh Ekspert in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 Andrej Kulikov 2020 02 20 V Engelse budut vypuskat trollejbus novogo pokoleniya Rossijskaya gazeta in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 V Engelse predstavili novyj trollejbus no ne pod markoj Trolza Drom ru in Russian 2020 02 19 Retrieved 2020 07 01 Pioneer 6218 Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 Saint Petersburg electric bus 6245 transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 PKTS 6281 00 Admiral transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 PKTS 6281 01 Admiral transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 931M Vityaz M Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 931AM Vityaz Leningrad Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 931 Vityaz transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 922 Varyag Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 921 Korsar Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 Products pk ts org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 923 Bogatyr transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 923M Bogatyr M transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 a b 71 911 City Star transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 911E City Star Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 911EM Lvyonok Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 71 934 Lev Roster transphoto org Retrieved 2021 09 03 a b Marina Lajkask 2019 11 08 V Engelse na novom zavode elektrotransporta sobrali dva nizkopolnyh trollejbusa marki Admiral Biznes vektor in Russian Retrieved 2020 07 01 PK Transportnye sistemy vozobnovila proizvodstvo trollejbusov na zavode v Engelse Interfaks Rossiya in Russian 2020 04 10 Retrieved 2020 07 01 a b c d Dubrovkin D A 2018 Povyshenie finansovoj bezopasnosti proizvodstvennogo predpriyatiya na primere OOO PK Transportnye sistemy PDF in Russian a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help CS1 maint date and year link External links EditS V Ivanov D P Bogatu R L Michurov A A Matveev Evolyuciya tramvaev PK TS kak primer vliyaniya dolgosrochnogo zakaza na tehnicheskoe razvitie podvizhnogo sostava PDF zhurnal 2 Tehnika zheleznyh dorog ed 45 50 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Luc Koenot Russia A cautious tram revival 992 Tramways amp Urban Transit ed 299 304 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Shaking up the Russian tram market Metro Report International ed 2018 50 55 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help CS1 maint date and year link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title PC Transport Systems amp oldid 1102299913, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.