Kleinschmidt was born as the son of the factory overseer Adolph Kleinschmidt and his wife Elise (maiden name Dreydorf) in Geinsheim (Kornsand) on the Rhine. The house of the family was located miles from anywhere in between unspoiled countryside. Otto Kleinschmidt was already as a young boy highly interested in nature and the world of the birds. Besides that it was kind of a family tradition to research and collect. Already at the age of 8 Otto prepared his first taxidermied birds.
He introduced a typological species concept into German ornithology. His Formenkreis theory influenced the early ideas of Erwin Stresemann.[1][2] Others have considered him one of the first biogeographers. His position was that similar "forms" (species) found in geographically distant regions could be accounted for by "formation rings" – with a fixed set of characters. This allowed him to support creationism while explaining biogeographical similarities.[2][3]
Kleinschmidt's book The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World was translated in 1930 by Francis Charles Robert Jourdain. Mixed reviews appeared in American and British journals.[4][5][6]
Historians of science Georgy S. Levit, Kay Meister and Uwe Hoßfeld have noted that:
Kleinschmidt’s creationistic concept led him not only to the rejection of the Darwinian theory of descent, but also to the negation of the post-Mendelian genetics. His criticism of the Darwinian principles is one of the most intensive and extensive assaults on the proper evolutionism. At the same time, his studies on individual and geographic variation of Palaearctic birds delivered valuable biological data, which seriously contributed to the empirical basis of biological systematics.[7]
Professor of biology Eugene Potapov argues that despite Kleinschmidt's writings being obscure and rarely cited today, he nevertheless "outlined the modern genetic approach to the understanding of the systematics of large falcons."[8]
Published works
Kleinschmidt O. 1897. [No title]. Journal für Ornithologie 45: 518–519.
Kleinschmidt, O. (1900) Arten oder Formenkreise? Journal für Ornithologie 48:134–139
Kleinschmidt, O. 1921. Die Singvögel der Heimat. Verlag von Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig.
Kleinschmidt O. 1926. Der weitere Ausbau der Formenkreislehre. Journal für Ornithologie 74: 405–408.
Kleinschmidt O. 1930. The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World: A Re-Casting of the Theory of Descent and Race-Study to Prepare the Way for a Harmonious Conception of the Universal Reality. London, H.F. & G. Witherby. (translated by Francis Charles Robert Jourdain)
Kleinschmidt O. 1933 Kurzgefaßte deutsche Rassenkunde. Armanen-Verlag, Leipzig.
Kleinschmidt O. 1933. Blut und Rasse. Die Stellung des evangelischen Christen zu den Forderungen der Eugenik. Unter Zugrundelegung eines am 18. April 1933 auf der zweiten Konferenz evangelischer Akademiker in Hannover gehaltenen Vortrags. Verlag Martin Warneck, Berlin.
Kleinschmidt O. 1934–2000. Die Raubvögel der Heimat. Klassiker der Ornithologie. Aula-Verlag GmbH & Co. Wiebelsheim Die Raubvögel der Heimat – Predator Birds of the Homeland
Kleinschmidt O. 1949. Die Kolibris.
Kleinschmidt O. 1950. Der Zauber von Brehms Tierleben. (Neue Brehm-Bücherei) Geest&Portig. Lpzg. A.Ziemsen Vlg. Wittenberg/Lutherstadt.
Kleinschmidt A. 1950. Leben und Werk. Syllegomena Biologica. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstage von Herrn Pastor Dr. Med. H.C. O. Kleinschmidt, Lutherstadt Wittenberg am 13. Dezember 1950 eds, A. von Jordans & F. Peus pp. 1–31. Leipzig: Wittenberg.
^ abWilliams, D W (2007). (PDF). Biogeografía. 1: 3–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-28.
^Croizat, L. (1982). "Vicariance/vicariism, panbiogeography, "vicariance biogeography," etc.: A clarification". Systematic Zoology. 31 (3): 291–304. doi:10.2307/2413236. JSTOR 2413236.
^Anonymous. (1931). Reviewed Work: The Formenkreis Theory by N. C. Otto Kleinschmidt, F. C. R. Jourdain. The Irish Naturalists' Journal 3 (7): 157-158.
^W. S. (1931). Review: Kleinschmidt's 'The Formenkreis Theory'. Reviewed Work: The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World. A Re-Casting of the Theory of Descent and Race-Study to Prepare the Way for a Harmonious Conception of the Universal Reality by O. Kleinschmidt, F. C. R. Jourdain. The Auk 48 (2): 286-288.
^Dawson, Warren R. (1932). Reviewed Work: The "Formenkreis" Theory and the Progress of the Organic World. by O. Kleinschmidt, F. C. R. Jourdain. Man 32: 150.
^Levit, G. S; Meister K; Hoßfeld, U. (2008). Alternative Evolutionary Theories: A Historical Survey. Journal of Bioeconomics 10: 71–96.
^Potapov, Eugene; Sale, Richard. (2005). The Gyrfalcon. Poyser. p. 27. ISBN978-0-7136-6563-5
Other sources
Clancey PA. 1950. Some appreciative remarks on the work of Dr Otto Kleinschmidt by a British avian taxonomist. Syllegomena Biologica. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstage von Herrn Pastor Dr. Med. H.C.O. Kleinschmidt, Lutherstadt Wittenberg am 13. Dezember 1950 eds, A. von Jordans & F. Peus, pp. 31–34. Leipzig: Wittenberg.
otto, kleinschmidt, december, 1870, march, 1954, german, ornithologist, theologist, pastor, contents, career, published, works, also, references, other, sources, external, linkscareer, editkleinschmidt, born, factory, overseer, adolph, kleinschmidt, wife, elis. Otto Kleinschmidt 13 December 1870 25 March 1954 was a German ornithologist theologist and pastor Contents 1 Career 2 Published works 3 See also 4 References 5 Other sources 6 External linksCareer EditKleinschmidt was born as the son of the factory overseer Adolph Kleinschmidt and his wife Elise maiden name Dreydorf in Geinsheim Kornsand on the Rhine The house of the family was located miles from anywhere in between unspoiled countryside Otto Kleinschmidt was already as a young boy highly interested in nature and the world of the birds Besides that it was kind of a family tradition to research and collect Already at the age of 8 Otto prepared his first taxidermied birds He introduced a typological species concept into German ornithology His Formenkreis theory influenced the early ideas of Erwin Stresemann 1 2 Others have considered him one of the first biogeographers His position was that similar forms species found in geographically distant regions could be accounted for by formation rings with a fixed set of characters This allowed him to support creationism while explaining biogeographical similarities 2 3 Kleinschmidt s book The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World was translated in 1930 by Francis Charles Robert Jourdain Mixed reviews appeared in American and British journals 4 5 6 Historians of science Georgy S Levit Kay Meister and Uwe Hossfeld have noted that Kleinschmidt s creationistic concept led him not only to the rejection of the Darwinian theory of descent but also to the negation of the post Mendelian genetics His criticism of the Darwinian principles is one of the most intensive and extensive assaults on the proper evolutionism At the same time his studies on individual and geographic variation of Palaearctic birds delivered valuable biological data which seriously contributed to the empirical basis of biological systematics 7 Professor of biology Eugene Potapov argues that despite Kleinschmidt s writings being obscure and rarely cited today he nevertheless outlined the modern genetic approach to the understanding of the systematics of large falcons 8 Published works EditKleinschmidt O 1897 No title Journal fur Ornithologie 45 518 519 Kleinschmidt O 1900 Arten oder Formenkreise Journal fur Ornithologie 48 134 139 Kleinschmidt O 1921 Die Singvogel der Heimat Verlag von Quelle amp Meyer Leipzig Kleinschmidt O 1926 Der weitere Ausbau der Formenkreislehre Journal fur Ornithologie 74 405 408 Kleinschmidt O 1930 The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World A Re Casting of the Theory of Descent and Race Study to Prepare the Way for a Harmonious Conception of the Universal Reality London H F amp G Witherby translated by Francis Charles Robert Jourdain Kleinschmidt O 1933 Kurzgefasste deutsche Rassenkunde Armanen Verlag Leipzig Kleinschmidt O 1933 Blut und Rasse Die Stellung des evangelischen Christen zu den Forderungen der Eugenik Unter Zugrundelegung eines am 18 April 1933 auf der zweiten Konferenz evangelischer Akademiker in Hannover gehaltenen Vortrags Verlag Martin Warneck Berlin Kleinschmidt O 1934 2000 Die Raubvogel der Heimat Klassiker der Ornithologie Aula Verlag GmbH amp Co Wiebelsheim Die Raubvogel der Heimat Predator Birds of the Homeland Kleinschmidt O 1949 Die Kolibris Kleinschmidt O 1950 Der Zauber von Brehms Tierleben Neue Brehm Bucherei Geest amp Portig Lpzg A Ziemsen Vlg Wittenberg Lutherstadt Kleinschmidt A 1950 Leben und Werk Syllegomena Biologica Festschrift zum 80 Geburtstage von Herrn Pastor Dr Med H C O Kleinschmidt Lutherstadt Wittenberg am 13 Dezember 1950 eds A von Jordans amp F Peus pp 1 31 Leipzig Wittenberg See also EditAlbert FleischmannReferences Edit Stresemann Erwin 1936 The Formenkreis Theory PDF Auk 53 2 150 158 doi 10 2307 4077273 JSTOR 4077273 a b Williams D W 2007 Otto Kleinschmidt 1870 1954 biogeography and the origin of species From Formenkreis to progression rule PDF Biogeografia 1 3 9 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 09 28 Croizat L 1982 Vicariance vicariism panbiogeography vicariance biogeography etc A clarification Systematic Zoology 31 3 291 304 doi 10 2307 2413236 JSTOR 2413236 Anonymous 1931 Reviewed Work The Formenkreis Theory by N C Otto Kleinschmidt F C R Jourdain The Irish Naturalists Journal 3 7 157 158 W S 1931 Review Kleinschmidt s The Formenkreis Theory Reviewed Work The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World A Re Casting of the Theory of Descent and Race Study to Prepare the Way for a Harmonious Conception of the Universal Reality by O Kleinschmidt F C R Jourdain The Auk 48 2 286 288 Dawson Warren R 1932 Reviewed Work The Formenkreis Theory and the Progress of the Organic World by O Kleinschmidt F C R Jourdain Man 32 150 Levit G S Meister K Hossfeld U 2008 Alternative Evolutionary Theories A Historical Survey Journal of Bioeconomics 10 71 96 Potapov Eugene Sale Richard 2005 The Gyrfalcon Poyser p 27 ISBN 978 0 7136 6563 5Other sources EditClancey PA 1950 Some appreciative remarks on the work of Dr Otto Kleinschmidt by a British avian taxonomist Syllegomena Biologica Festschrift zum 80 Geburtstage von Herrn Pastor Dr Med H C O Kleinschmidt Lutherstadt Wittenberg am 13 Dezember 1950 eds A von Jordans amp F Peus pp 31 34 Leipzig Wittenberg External links EditWorks by or about Otto Kleinschmidt at Internet Archive Thesis German in PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Otto Kleinschmidt amp oldid 1085609688, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
