His father was Ernest I (1305–1367), who assumed power in the Principality of Göttingen in 1345. After several years of co-regency in 1367, Otto took up government in this small and economically weak principality. Otto initially resided in the city of Göttingen, where he also held several large jousting tournaments. Over time, however, he had a number of disputes with the citizens of the city.
Otto's contemporaries called him der Quade, which is Low German for "the evil". He received this nickname due to the almost unbroken series of feuds he was involved in. Otto has been described as a prominent representative of the former knighthood. He often allied himself with noble Knights to fight against other princes or against the cities, whose burgeoning power was anathema to him. During these clashes, Otto often changed sides. Sometimes, he fought several feuds simultaneously.
From 1367 onwards, he pursued hereditary claims to the Landgraviate of Hesse. He tried to enforce his claims in a military alliance with the knights in the Star League. At the same time, he fought in the Lüneburg War of Succession. At first, he fought on the side of Magnus II against the House of Ascania. He was able to secure the reign of Brunswick from 1374 to 1381. Ultimately, he failed in both Hesse and Brunswick and had to withdraw in exchange for financial compensation.
In 1387, he tried to impose his influence on the city of Göttingen, but had little success. In April, the citizens of Göttingen stormed the ducal castle inside the city walls. In return, Otto devastated villages and farmsteads in the area. In July, the citizens under captain Moritz von Uslar defeated him in a pitched battle between Rosdorf and Grone. In August, Otto was forced to recognize the freedom of Göttingen's possessions in the area.
In the final years of life, Otto resided mostly at Hardeg Castle
After he was expelled from Göttingen, Otto had to reside in Hardegsen, where he had acquired Hardeg Castle in 1379 from the Lords of Rosdorf. By this time, he had been excommunicated, which is why he was buried in unhallowed ground north of the church of Wiebrechtshausen monastery at Northeim. He was later posthumously released from the excommunication. After that, a tomb was erected over his burial place and a chapel was built around it. The chapel was later connected to the church.
The final verdict on Otto I is negative, because he overestimated his powers and left himself weakened when he fought too many fights at once. He left a heavily indebted and politically disorganized country to his only son, Otto II.
Paul Zimmermann (1887), "Otto der Quade", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 24, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 677–682
Dietrich Denecke, Helga-Maria Kühn (eds.): Göttingen. Geschichte einer Universitätsstadt, vol. 1, Göttingen, 1987, ISBN3-525-36196-3.
Paul Ehrenpfordt: Otto der Quade, Herzog von Braunschweig zu Göttingen (1367–1394), Geibel, Hannover, 1913.
Edgar Kalthof: Geschichte des südniedersächsischen Fürstentums Göttingen und des Landes Calenberg im Fürstentum Calenberg 1285–1584, Verlag Otto Zander, Herzberg (Harz)-Pöhlde, 1982, ISBN3-923336-03-9.
Joachim Lehrmann: Raubritter zwischen Heide, Harz und Weser, Lehrte 2007, ISBN978-3-9803642-6-3.
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Otto the Evil c 1340 13 December 1394 Hardegsen was a member of the House of Guelph He was a Duke of Brunswick Luneburg from 1367 Duke in the Principality of Gottingen Otto I Duke of Brunswick GottingenTomb of Otto the Evil in Wiebrechtshausen Monastery in Northeim The head was restored in 1860Bornc 1340Died 1394 12 13 13 December 1394HardegsenBuriedoutside the church of Wiebrechtshausen Monastery in NortheimNoble familyHouse of GuelphSpouse s Margarethe of Julich BergIssueOtto IIElisabethFatherErnest I Duke of Brunswick GottingenMotherElisabeth of Hesse Contents 1 Life 2 Marriage and issue 3 Ancestors 4 References 5 External linksLife editHis father was Ernest I 1305 1367 who assumed power in the Principality of Gottingen in 1345 After several years of co regency in 1367 Otto took up government in this small and economically weak principality Otto initially resided in the city of Gottingen where he also held several large jousting tournaments Over time however he had a number of disputes with the citizens of the city Otto s contemporaries called him der Quade which is Low German for the evil He received this nickname due to the almost unbroken series of feuds he was involved in Otto has been described as a prominent representative of the former knighthood He often allied himself with noble Knights to fight against other princes or against the cities whose burgeoning power was anathema to him During these clashes Otto often changed sides Sometimes he fought several feuds simultaneously From 1367 onwards he pursued hereditary claims to the Landgraviate of Hesse He tried to enforce his claims in a military alliance with the knights in the Star League At the same time he fought in the Luneburg War of Succession At first he fought on the side of Magnus II against the House of Ascania He was able to secure the reign of Brunswick from 1374 to 1381 Ultimately he failed in both Hesse and Brunswick and had to withdraw in exchange for financial compensation In 1387 he tried to impose his influence on the city of Gottingen but had little success In April the citizens of Gottingen stormed the ducal castle inside the city walls In return Otto devastated villages and farmsteads in the area In July the citizens under captain Moritz von Uslar defeated him in a pitched battle between Rosdorf and Grone In August Otto was forced to recognize the freedom of Gottingen s possessions in the area nbsp In the final years of life Otto resided mostly at Hardeg CastleAfter he was expelled from Gottingen Otto had to reside in Hardegsen where he had acquired Hardeg Castle in 1379 from the Lords of Rosdorf By this time he had been excommunicated which is why he was buried in unhallowed ground north of the church of Wiebrechtshausen monastery at Northeim He was later posthumously released from the excommunication After that a tomb was erected over his burial place and a chapel was built around it The chapel was later connected to the church The final verdict on Otto I is negative because he overestimated his powers and left himself weakened when he fought too many fights at once He left a heavily indebted and politically disorganized country to his only son Otto II Marriage and issue editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Otto I Duke of Brunswick Gottingen news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message In 1379 he married Margarete c 1364 18 July 1442 a daughter of Duke William VII of Julich Berg They had two children a son Otto II who succeeded his father and a daughter Elisabeth who married Eric I Duke of Brunswick Grubenhagen Ancestors editAncestors of Otto I Duke of Brunswick Gottingen16 Otto I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg8 Albert I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg17 Matilda of Brandenburg4 Albert II Duke of Brunswick Luneburg18 Boniface II Marquess of Montferrat9 Adelheid of Montferrat19 Margaret of Savoy2 Ernest I Duke of Brunswick Gottingen20 Nicholas I of Werle10 Henry I Prince of Mecklenburg Gustrow21 Jutta of Anhalt5 Rixa of Werle22 Birger Magnusson of Bjelbo11 Rikissa Birgersdotter23 Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden1 Otto I Duke of Brunswick Gottingen24 Henry I Landgrave of Hesse12 Otto I Landgrave of Hesse25 Adelheid of Brunswick Luneburg6 Henry II Landgrave of Hesse26 Otto III of Ravensberg13 Adelheid of Ravensberg27 Hedwig of Lippe3 Elisabeth of Hesse28 Albert II Margrave of Meissen14 Frederick I Margrave of Meissen29 Margaret of Sicily7 Elisabeth of Thuringia30 Bernard III Lord of Lippe15 Elizabeth of Lobdeburg Arnshaugk31 Sophie of Cuijck ArnsbergReferences editPaul Zimmermann 1887 Otto der Quade Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German vol 24 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 677 682 Dietrich Denecke Helga Maria Kuhn eds Gottingen Geschichte einer Universitatsstadt vol 1 Gottingen 1987 ISBN 3 525 36196 3 Paul Ehrenpfordt Otto der Quade Herzog von Braunschweig zu Gottingen 1367 1394 Geibel Hannover 1913 Edgar Kalthof Geschichte des sudniedersachsischen Furstentums Gottingen und des Landes Calenberg im Furstentum Calenberg 1285 1584 Verlag Otto Zander Herzberg Harz Pohlde 1982 ISBN 3 923336 03 9 Joachim Lehrmann Raubritter zwischen Heide Harz und Weser Lehrte 2007 ISBN 978 3 9803642 6 3 External links editThe House of GuelphOtto I Duke of Brunswick GottingenHouse of Guelph Died 1394Preceded byErnest I Duke of Brunswick Gottingen1367 1394 Succeeded byOtto II Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Otto I Duke of Brunswick Gottingen amp oldid 1101181106, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
