The settlement of Castro was founded in prehistoric times, and was later the seat of an unspecified Etruscan city, probably Statonia. In the Middle Ages it had a castle (Latin: castrum), hence the name. Although an autonomous commune, it remained nonetheless under papal suzerainty. In 1527 a pro-independence faction assumed power, but they were later ousted by Pier Luigi Farnese, whose family was to rule Castro until the 17th century. In the same year another Farnese, Gian Galeazzo, sacked it in the wake of the Sack of Rome.
Ten years later, in 1537, three years after the election of Alessandro Farnese as Pope Paul III, it became the seat of an independent duchy under his son Pier Luigi Farnese. The town, which in the meantime had been reduced to "gypsies' huts" (in the words of a contemporary), was reconstructed according to the design of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.
The Farnese treated Castro well and consecutive family patriarchs made improvements to the city including churches and their own Palazzo Farnese.
Between 1639 and 1641, the Farnese, then led by Duke of ParmaOdoardo Farnese, came into conflict with the powerful Barberini family of Pope Urban VIII who responded by sending an army to occupy Castro. The Farnese and the papacy fought a stalemate war and the Pope agreed to treaty terms only months before his death in 1644.
When Pope Innocent X replaced Urban, he demanded that Duke Odoardo's son Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma adhere to the conditions of the peace treaty. Ranuccio refused to pay the agreed reparations. He also refused to admit the newly appointed bishop of Castro. When the latter was on his way to take possession of his see, he was murdered, a crime for which Innocent X placed the blame on Ranuccio. He sent troops to Castro and had the city razed on 2 September 1649. He erected a column reading "Quì fu Castro" ("Here stood Castro"). It was never rebuilt. The seat of the diocese of Castro, which is believed to have dated back to the 8th century, was transferred to Acquapendente.[1][2] No longer a residential bishopric, Castro (Castrum in Latin) is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[3]
Sourcesedit
Cavoli, A. (1990). La Cartagine della Maremma. Rome.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Luzi, R. Storia di Castro e della sua distruzione.
^Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, pp. 659-660
^Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1 2019-07-09 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 173-174; vol. 2 2018-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, pp. XIX, 121; vol. 3, p. 157; vol. 4 2018-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, p. 140
^Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN978-88-209-9070-1), p. 862
Cigola, Riccardo. . Retrieved January 23, 2005.
External linksedit
The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, Chapter XXIV - Author George Dennis describes the ruins of Castro in this 1848 book.
"Farnese and its history" - a brief description of Castro's history, and how it appears today.
castro, lazio, city, province, lecce, castro, apulia, castro, ancient, city, west, side, lake, bolsena, present, comune, ischia, castro, northern, lazio, italy, destroyed, conclusion, wars, castro, 17th, century, view, castro, 1663, contents, early, history, r. For the city in the province of Lecce see Castro Apulia Castro was an ancient city on the west side of Lake Bolsena in the present day comune of Ischia di Castro northern Lazio Italy It was destroyed at the conclusion of the Wars of Castro in the 17th century View of Castro 1663 Contents 1 Early history 2 The Renaissance and the Wars of Castro 3 Sources 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEarly history editThe settlement of Castro was founded in prehistoric times and was later the seat of an unspecified Etruscan city probably Statonia In the Middle Ages it had a castle Latin castrum hence the name Although an autonomous commune it remained nonetheless under papal suzerainty In 1527 a pro independence faction assumed power but they were later ousted by Pier Luigi Farnese whose family was to rule Castro until the 17th century In the same year another Farnese Gian Galeazzo sacked it in the wake of the Sack of Rome Ten years later in 1537 three years after the election of Alessandro Farnese as Pope Paul III it became the seat of an independent duchy under his son Pier Luigi Farnese The town which in the meantime had been reduced to gypsies huts in the words of a contemporary was reconstructed according to the design of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger The Renaissance and the Wars of Castro editMain articles Duchy of Castro and Wars of Castro The Farnese treated Castro well and consecutive family patriarchs made improvements to the city including churches and their own Palazzo Farnese Between 1639 and 1641 the Farnese then led by Duke of Parma Odoardo Farnese came into conflict with the powerful Barberini family of Pope Urban VIII who responded by sending an army to occupy Castro The Farnese and the papacy fought a stalemate war and the Pope agreed to treaty terms only months before his death in 1644 When Pope Innocent X replaced Urban he demanded that Duke Odoardo s son Ranuccio II Farnese Duke of Parma adhere to the conditions of the peace treaty Ranuccio refused to pay the agreed reparations He also refused to admit the newly appointed bishop of Castro When the latter was on his way to take possession of his see he was murdered a crime for which Innocent X placed the blame on Ranuccio He sent troops to Castro and had the city razed on 2 September 1649 He erected a column reading Qui fu Castro Here stood Castro It was never rebuilt The seat of the diocese of Castro which is believed to have dated back to the 8th century was transferred to Acquapendente 1 2 No longer a residential bishopric Castro Castrum in Latin is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see 3 Sources editCavoli A 1990 La Cartagine della Maremma Rome a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Luzi R Storia di Castro e della sua distruzione See also editHouse of Farnese Wars of Castro Annibale CaroReferences edit Pius Bonifacius Gams Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae Leipzig 1931 pp 659 660 Konrad Eubel Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi vol 1 Archived 2019 07 09 at the Wayback Machine pp 173 174 vol 2 Archived 2018 10 04 at the Wayback Machine pp XIX 121 vol 3 p 157 vol 4 Archived 2018 10 04 at the Wayback Machine p 140 Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 p 862 Cigola Riccardo History Facts amp Persons Retrieved January 23 2005 External links editThe Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria Chapter XXIV Author George Dennis describes the ruins of Castro in this 1848 book Farnese and its history a brief description of Castro s history and how it appears today 42 31 58 N 11 38 55 E 42 53278 N 11 64861 E 42 53278 11 64861 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Castro Lazio amp oldid 1190184130, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
