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Oster conspiracy

January 01, 1970

The Oster Conspiracy (German: Septemberverschwörung, lit. 'September Conspiracy') of 1938 was a proposed plan to overthrow German Führer Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime if Germany went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland. It was led by Generalmajor Hans Oster, deputy head of the Abwehr and other high-ranking conservatives within the Wehrmacht who opposed the regime for behavior that was threatening to bring Germany into a war that they believed it was not ready to fight.[1] They planned to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime through a storming of the Reich Chancellery by forces loyal to the plot to take control of the government, who would either arrest or assassinate Hitler, and restore the Monarchy under Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, the grandson of Wilhelm II.

Hans Oster in 1939

Background edit

The plot was organised and developed by then Oberstleutnant Hans Oster and Major Helmuth Groscurth of the Abwehr.[2] They drew into the conspiracy such people as Generaloberst Ludwig Beck, General Wilhelm Adam,[3] Generaloberst Walther von Brauchitsch, Generaloberst Franz Halder, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, and Generalleutnant Erwin von Witzleben. The working plan was for Count Hans-Jürgen von Blumenthal to lead a storm party into the Reich Chancellery and kill Hitler. It would then be necessary to neutralize the Nazi Party apparatus in order to stop them from proceeding with the invasion of Czechoslovakia, which they believed would lead to a war that would ruin Germany.[4]

In addition to these military figures, the conspirators also had contact with Secretary of State Ernst von Weizsäcker and the diplomats Theodor Kordt, Erich Kordt and Hans Bernd Gisevius. Theodor Kordt was considered a vital contact with the British on whom the success of the plot depended; the conspirators needed strong British opposition to Hitler's seizure of the Sudetenland. However, Neville Chamberlain, apprehensive of the possibility of war, negotiated at length with Hitler and eventually conceded strategic areas of Czechoslovakia to him. Poland also invaded Czechoslovakia on 1 October 1938. This destroyed any chance of the plot succeeding, as Hitler was then seen in Germany as the "greatest statesman of all times at the moment of his greatest triumph", and the immediate risk of war had been neutralized.[2]

Participants[5] edit

The Conspirators edit

The Nazis edit

The British edit

Others edit

Aftermath edit

The plotters survived to become leaders of German resistance to Hitler and Nazism during the Second World War. Oster himself was on active duty until 1943, when placed under house arrest after other Abwehr officers were caught helping Jews to escape Germany.[6] He and Canaris were executed by hanging in Flossenbürg concentration camp on 9 April 1945.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Jones 2009, pp. 73–74.
  2. ^ a b Mueller 2017.
  3. ^ Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Hammerstein oder Der Eigensinn. Eine deutsche Geschichte. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp 2008, ISBN 978-3-518-41960-1
  4. ^ Jones 2009.
  5. ^ Parssinen, Terry (2012). The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 : The Unknown Story of the Military Plot to Kill Hitler and Avert World War II. Random House. pp. 20–22. ISBN 1448114802.
  6. ^ Thomsett, Michael (2016). The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots (1938-1945). Crux Publishing. ISBN 978-1909979376.

Bibliography edit

January 01, 1970
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The Oster Conspiracy German Septemberverschworung lit September Conspiracy of 1938 was a proposed plan to overthrow German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime if Germany went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland It was led by Generalmajor Hans Oster deputy head of the Abwehr and other high ranking conservatives within the Wehrmacht who opposed the regime for behavior that was threatening to bring Germany into a war that they believed it was not ready to fight 1 They planned to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime through a storming of the Reich Chancellery by forces loyal to the plot to take control of the government who would either arrest or assassinate Hitler and restore the Monarchy under Prince Wilhelm of Prussia the grandson of Wilhelm II Hans Oster in 1939 Contents 1 Background 2 Participants 5 2 1 The Conspirators 2 2 The Nazis 2 3 The British 2 4 Others 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 References 5 1 BibliographyBackground editThe plot was organised and developed by then Oberstleutnant Hans Oster and Major Helmuth Groscurth of the Abwehr 2 They drew into the conspiracy such people as Generaloberst Ludwig Beck General Wilhelm Adam 3 Generaloberst Walther von Brauchitsch Generaloberst Franz Halder Admiral Wilhelm Canaris and Generalleutnant Erwin von Witzleben The working plan was for Count Hans Jurgen von Blumenthal to lead a storm party into the Reich Chancellery and kill Hitler It would then be necessary to neutralize the Nazi Party apparatus in order to stop them from proceeding with the invasion of Czechoslovakia which they believed would lead to a war that would ruin Germany 4 In addition to these military figures the conspirators also had contact with Secretary of State Ernst von Weizsacker and the diplomats Theodor Kordt Erich Kordt and Hans Bernd Gisevius Theodor Kordt was considered a vital contact with the British on whom the success of the plot depended the conspirators needed strong British opposition to Hitler s seizure of the Sudetenland However Neville Chamberlain apprehensive of the possibility of war negotiated at length with Hitler and eventually conceded strategic areas of Czechoslovakia to him Poland also invaded Czechoslovakia on 1 October 1938 This destroyed any chance of the plot succeeding as Hitler was then seen in Germany as the greatest statesman of all times at the moment of his greatest triumph and the immediate risk of war had been neutralized 2 Participants 5 editThe Conspirators edit Adam General of Infantry Wilhelm commander of Germany s West Wall Beck Colonel General Ludwig former chief of the Army General Staff Brauchitsch Colonel General Walther von commander in chief of the army Brockdorff Ahlefeldt General Walter Graf von commander of Twenty third Division Potsdam subordinate of General Erwin von Witzleben Canaris Admiral Wilhelm chief of the Abwehr Military Intelligence Dohnanyi Hans von Ministry of Justice Gisevius Hans Bernd Department of the Interior Goerdeler Carl former mayor of Leipzig and former Reich price commissioner Groscurth Lieutentant Colonel Helmuth Abwehr Halder General of Artillery Franz chief of the Army General Staff Hase Major General Paul von commander of Fiftieth Infantry Regiment Landsberg an der Warthe Heinz Captain Friedrich Wilhelm Abwehr Helldorf Wolf Graf von police president Berlin Hoepner General of Artillery Erich commander First Light Division Kleist Schmenzin Ewald von the elder Prussian aristocrat Kluge General of Artillery Hans Gunther von commander of Wehrkreis VI Munster Kordt Erich chief of Ministerial Office German Foreign Ministry brother of Theo Kordt Theo counselor German Embassy London brother of Erich Liedig Lieutenant Franz Maria Abwehr List General of Infantry Wilhelm commander Wehrkreis IV Dresden Nebe Arthur chief of Criminal Police Olbricht Lieutenant General Friedrich chief of staff to General List Wehrkreis IV Dresden Oster Lieutentant Colonel Hans Abwehr organizer of the conspiracy Rohricht Lieutenant Colonel Edgar staff officer to Generalleutnant Olbricht Schacht Hjalmar head of the Reichsbank former minister of finance Schlabrendorff Fabian von lawyer historian of the resistance movement not directly involved in the 1938 plot Schulenburg Fritz Dietlof Graf von der vice president Berlin Police Simonis Susanne reporter for the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung cousin of Erich and Theo Kordt Strunck Theodor and Elisabeth Gartner Striinck friends of Oster s and sympathizers with the resistance Stilpnagel Lieutenant General Carl Heinrich von deputy chief of staff II on Army General Staff Ulex General of Artillery Alexander commander of XI Army Corps Hannover Weizsacker Ernst von state secretary German Foreign Ministry Wiedemann Captain Fritz Hitler s adjutant Witzleben General of Infantry Erwin von commander of Wehrkreis III Berlin Witzleben Lieutenant Colonel Hermann von cousin of Erwin von Witzleben The Nazis edit Goebbels Joseph minister of propaganda Goring Reich Marshal Hermann commander of the Luftwaffe and Hitler s designated successor Heydrich Reinhard commander of the SD Sicherheitsdienst Security Service and the Gestapo Himmler Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich commander of the SS Hitler Adolf chancellor and fuhrer Kaltenbrunner Ernst SD subordinate and after 1942 successor of Heydrich Lorenz Werner SD official Ribbentrop Joachim von foreign minister The British edit Cadogan Sir Alexander permanent undersecretary Foreign Office Chamberlain Neville prime minister Churchill Winston S Conservative member of Parliament Dawson Sir Geoffrey editor in chief The Times Duff Cooper Alfred First Lord of the Admiralty Halifax Edward Wood third Viscount Halifax foreign secretary Henderson Sir Nevile ambassador to Germany Kirkpatrick Sir Ivone first secretary at British Embassy Berlin Simon Sir John chancellor of the exchequer Stanley Oliver president of the Board of Trade Vansittart Sir Robert chief diplomatic adviser to the government Wilson Sir Horace chief industrial adviser to the government confidant of prime minister Others edit Bene Edvard president of Czechoslovakia Blomberg Field Marshal Werner von former war minister Daladier Edouard prime minister of France Engel Captain Gerhard Hitler s army adjutant Frank Karl Hermann official of Sudeten German Party Fritsch Colonel General Werner von former commander of the army Henlein Konrad leader of the Sudeten German Party Hossbach Colonel Friedrich Hitler s former adjutant Jodl Major General Alfred chief of Operations Office Oberkommando der Wehrmacht OKW Keitel General of Artillery Wilhelm chief of OKW in fact Hitler s administrator Liebmann General of Infantry Curt Fifth Army commander Masaryk Jan Czech ambassador to Great Britain Raeder Admiral Erich commander of the navy Schmidt Paul Otto Hitler s interpreterAftermath editThe plotters survived to become leaders of German resistance to Hitler and Nazism during the Second World War Oster himself was on active duty until 1943 when placed under house arrest after other Abwehr officers were caught helping Jews to escape Germany 6 He and Canaris were executed by hanging in Flossenburg concentration camp on 9 April 1945 See also editAssassination attempts on Adolf Hitler Pius XII and the German ResistanceReferences edit Jones 2009 pp 73 74 sfn error no target CITEREFJones2009 help a b Mueller 2017 sfn error no target CITEREFMueller2017 help Hans Magnus Enzensberger Hammerstein oder Der Eigensinn Eine deutsche Geschichte Frankfurt am Main Suhrkamp 2008 ISBN 978 3 518 41960 1 Jones 2009 sfn error no target CITEREFJones2009 help Parssinen Terry 2012 The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 The Unknown Story of the Military Plot to Kill Hitler and Avert World War II Random House pp 20 22 ISBN 1448114802 Thomsett Michael 2016 The German Opposition to Hitler The Resistance the Underground and Assassination Plots 1938 1945 Crux Publishing ISBN 978 1909979376 Bibliography edit Jones Nigel 2008 Countdown to Valkyrie The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler Philadelphia Pennsylvania Casemate ISBN 9781848325081 Parssinen Terry M 2001 The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 The Unknown Story of the Military Plot to Kill Hitler and Avert World War II HarperCollins ISBN 5 559 44059 0 Mueller Michael 2017 Nazi Spymaster The Life and Death of Admiral Wilhelm Canaris New York City New York Skyhorse ISBN 9781510717770 von Schlabrendorff Fabian 1994 The Secret War Against Hitler Westview Press ISBN 0 8133 2190 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oster conspiracy amp oldid 1221157576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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