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Osamu Shimomura

August 20, 2023

For the Japanese economist, see Osamu Shimomura (economist).

Osamu Shimomura (下村 脩, Shimomura Osamu, August 27, 1928 – October 19, 2018[1]) was a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist, and professor emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California-San Diego.[2]

Osamu Shimomura
下村 脩
Shimomura in 2008
Born(1928-08-27)August 27, 1928
Fukuchiyama, Empire of Japan
DiedOctober 19, 2018(2018-10-19) (aged 90)
Nagasaki, Japan
NationalityJapanese
Alma materNagasaki University
Nagoya University
AwardsAsahi Prize (2006)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2008)
Golden Goose Award (2012)
Scientific career
FieldsOrganic chemistry
InstitutionsPrinceton University
Boston University School of Medicine
Marine Biological Laboratory
Thesis海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 (1960)
Doctoral advisorYoshimasa Hirata

Biography

 
Paul Krugman, Roger Tsien, Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Masukawa, Nobel Prize Laureates 2008, at a press conference at the Swedish Academy of Science in Stockholm.

Born in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto in 1928, Shimomura was brought up in Manchukuo (Manchuria, China) and Osaka, Japan while his father served as an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. Later, his family moved to Isahaya, Nagasaki,[3] 25 km from the epicenter of the August 1945 atomic bombing of the city. He recalled hearing, as a 16-year-old boy, the bomber plane Bockscar before the atom bomb exploded.[4] The explosion flash blinded Shimomura for about thirty seconds, and he was later drenched by the "black rain" bomb fallout.[5] He overcame great odds in the following 11 years to earn an education and achieve academic success.[3]

Shimomura's education opportunities were starkly limited in devastated, post-war Japan. Although he later recalled having no interest in the subject,[4] he enrolled in the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Nagasaki Medical College (now Nagasaki University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences).[6] The Medical College campus had been entirely destroyed by the atomic bomb blast, forcing the pharmacy school to relocate to a temporary campus near Shimomura's home. This proximity was the fortuitous reason he embarked upon the studies and career which would ultimately lead to unanticipated rewards.[4] Shimomura was awarded a BS degree in pharmacy in 1951, and he stayed on as a lab assistant through 1955.[4]

Shimomura's mentor at Nagasaki helped him find employment as an assistant to Professor Yoshimasa Hirata at Nagoya University in 1956.[6] While working for Professor Hirata, he received a MS degree in organic chemistry in 1958 and, before leaving Japan for an appointment at Princeton University, a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1960 at Nagoya University.[7][8] At Nagoya, Hirata assigned Shimomura the challenging task of determining what made the crushed remains of a type of crustacean (Jp. umi-hotaru, lit. "sea-firefly", Vargula hilgendorfii) glow when moistened with water. This assignment led Shimomura to the successful identification of the protein causing the phenomenon, and he published the preliminary findings in the Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in a paper titled "Crystalline Cypridina luciferin." The article caught the attention of Professor Frank Johnson at Princeton University, and Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work with him in 1960.

Study

Shimomura worked in the department of biology at Princeton for Professor Johnson to study the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which they collected during many summers at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington.[9] In 1962, their work culminated in the discovery of the proteins aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in A. victoria;[10] for this work, he was awarded a third of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008.

Family

His wife, Akemi, whom Shimomura met at Nagasaki University, is also an organic chemist and was a partner in his research activities. Their son, Tsutomu Shimomura, is a computer security expert who was involved in the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Their daughter, Sachi Shimomura, is director of Undergraduate Studies for the English Department at Virginia Commonwealth University and the author of Odd Bodies and Visible Ends in Medieval Literature.

Recognition

Selected publications

Books

  • Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles And Methods (Revised ed.). World Scientific Publishing Company. 2012. ISBN 978-981-4366-08-3.[15]
  • クラゲに学ぶ : ノーベル賞への道 [Learning from Jellyfish: The Path to the Nobel Prize] (in Japanese). Nagasaki Literature. 2010. ISBN 978-4-88851-157-5.

Papers

  • Yasanuga, Shungo; Shimomura, Osamu (July 1954). 無機クロマトグラフィーに関する研究 (第6報):滬紙通電クロマトグラフィーの装置について [Studies on Inorganic Chromatography (Part 6): Apparatus for Electrochromatography on Paper]. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 74 (7): 778–780. doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.74.7_778. ISSN 0031-6903.
  • 口紙電気泳動に関する研究 (第3報) 難溶性塩および錯イオンの生成時における濃度-泳動度曲線について [Study on Oral Electrophoresis (Part 3) Concentration-Magnetic Mobility Curves in Formation of Poorly Soluble Salts and Complex Ions]. Chemistry Journal of Japan. 76 (9): 973–977. 1955. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.76.973. ISSN 0369-5387.
  • アニリン誘導体およびフェエノール誘導体のロ紙電気泳動について [Study on Oral Electrophoresis of Aniline Derivatives and Phenol Derivatives]. Chemistry Journal of Japan. 76 (3): 277–281. 1955. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.76.277.
  • Hirata, Yoshimasa; Eguchi, Shoji; Shimomura, Osamu (October 17, 1959). 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin]. Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Organic Compounds. 3: 83–93. doi:10.24496/tennenyuki.3.0_83.
  • 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造(第2～3報) (第2報)海ホタルルシフェリンの性質および分子式について [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin (Part 2–3) (Part 2) Properties and Molecular Formula of Sea Firefly Luciferin]. Chemical Journal of Japan. 81 (1): 179–182. 1960. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.81.179.
  • 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造(第2～3報) (第3報)海ホタルルシフェリンおよびヒドロルシフェリンの推定構造 [Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin (Parts 2–3) (Part 3) Predicted Structures of Sea Firefly Luciferin and Hydroluciferin]. Chemistry Journal of Japan. 81 (1): 182–185. 1960. doi:10.1246/nikkashi1948.81.182.
  • 緑色蛍光たんぱく質GFPは天の恵みか? [Is green fluorescent protein GFP a godsend?]. Acta anatomica Nipponica. 85 (3). September 1, 2010. 99-106.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chang, Kenneth (24 October 2018). "Osamu Shimomura, 90, Dies; Won Nobel for Finding a Glowing Protein". The New York Times.
  2. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008". The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
  3. ^ a b "Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence". Harvard University Press. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  4. ^ a b c d Nobelprize.org: Nobel laureate lecture. December 8, 2008.
  5. ^ "Osamu Shimomura The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Interview". The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  6. ^ a b "Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize". boston.com. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  7. ^ "Former Associate Professor Osamu Shimomura Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry". Nagoya university. Retrieved 2008-12-05.[dead link]
  8. ^ . Nagoya University. Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
  9. ^ "Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here". princeton.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  10. ^ "GFP History". Marc Zimmer. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
  11. ^ "About the Pearse Prize". Royal Microscopical Society. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
  12. ^ . State Microscopical Society of Illinois. Archived from the original on 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
  13. ^ "Donald Keene, 7 others win Order of Culture," 2008-10-30 at the Wayback Machine Yomiuri Shimbun. October 29, 2008.
  14. ^ . The Golden Goose Award. Archived from the original on 2015-09-09. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
  15. ^ . World Scientific. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2017-11-28.

Sources

  • Osamu Shimomura on Nobelprize.org   including the Nobel lecture Discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Osamu Shimomura.

August 20, 2023
osamu, shimomura, japanese, economist, economist, 下村, shimomura, osamu, august, 1928, october, 2018, japanese, organic, chemist, marine, biologist, professor, emeritus, marine, biological, laboratory, woods, hole, massachusetts, boston, university, school, med. For the Japanese economist see Osamu Shimomura economist Osamu Shimomura 下村 脩 Shimomura Osamu August 27 1928 October 19 2018 1 was a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist and professor emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory MBL in Woods Hole Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein GFP with two American scientists Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California San Diego 2 Osamu Shimomura下村 脩Shimomura in 2008Born 1928 08 27 August 27 1928Fukuchiyama Empire of JapanDiedOctober 19 2018 2018 10 19 aged 90 Nagasaki JapanNationalityJapaneseAlma materNagasaki UniversityNagoya UniversityAwardsAsahi Prize 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Golden Goose Award 2012 Scientific careerFieldsOrganic chemistryInstitutionsPrinceton UniversityBoston University School of MedicineMarine Biological LaboratoryThesis海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 1960 Doctoral advisorYoshimasa Hirata Contents 1 Biography 2 Study 3 Family 4 Recognition 5 Selected publications 6 See also 7 References 8 Sources 9 External linksBiography Edit Paul Krugman Roger Tsien Martin Chalfie Osamu Shimomura Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Masukawa Nobel Prize Laureates 2008 at a press conference at the Swedish Academy of Science in Stockholm Born in Fukuchiyama Kyoto in 1928 Shimomura was brought up in Manchukuo Manchuria China and Osaka Japan while his father served as an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army Later his family moved to Isahaya Nagasaki 3 25 km from the epicenter of the August 1945 atomic bombing of the city He recalled hearing as a 16 year old boy the bomber plane Bockscar before the atom bomb exploded 4 The explosion flash blinded Shimomura for about thirty seconds and he was later drenched by the black rain bomb fallout 5 He overcame great odds in the following 11 years to earn an education and achieve academic success 3 Shimomura s education opportunities were starkly limited in devastated post war Japan Although he later recalled having no interest in the subject 4 he enrolled in the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Nagasaki Medical College now Nagasaki University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6 The Medical College campus had been entirely destroyed by the atomic bomb blast forcing the pharmacy school to relocate to a temporary campus near Shimomura s home This proximity was the fortuitous reason he embarked upon the studies and career which would ultimately lead to unanticipated rewards 4 Shimomura was awarded a BS degree in pharmacy in 1951 and he stayed on as a lab assistant through 1955 4 Shimomura s mentor at Nagasaki helped him find employment as an assistant to Professor Yoshimasa Hirata at Nagoya University in 1956 6 While working for Professor Hirata he received a MS degree in organic chemistry in 1958 and before leaving Japan for an appointment at Princeton University a Ph D in organic chemistry in 1960 at Nagoya University 7 8 At Nagoya Hirata assigned Shimomura the challenging task of determining what made the crushed remains of a type of crustacean Jp umi hotaru lit sea firefly Vargula hilgendorfii glow when moistened with water This assignment led Shimomura to the successful identification of the protein causing the phenomenon and he published the preliminary findings in the Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in a paper titled Crystalline Cypridina luciferin The article caught the attention of Professor Frank Johnson at Princeton University and Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work with him in 1960 Study EditShimomura worked in the department of biology at Princeton for Professor Johnson to study the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria which they collected during many summers at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington 9 In 1962 their work culminated in the discovery of the proteins aequorin and green fluorescent protein GFP in A victoria 10 for this work he was awarded a third of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 Family EditHis wife Akemi whom Shimomura met at Nagasaki University is also an organic chemist and was a partner in his research activities Their son Tsutomu Shimomura is a computer security expert who was involved in the arrest of Kevin Mitnick Their daughter Sachi Shimomura is director of Undergraduate Studies for the English Department at Virginia Commonwealth University and the author of Odd Bodies and Visible Ends in Medieval Literature Recognition Edit2004 Pearse Prize Royal Microscopical Society 11 2005 Emile Chamot Award 12 2006 Asahi Prize 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Order of Culture 13 2008 Person of Cultural Merit 2012 Golden Goose Award 14 2013 Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences 2018 Junior third rank posthumous Selected publications EditBooks Bioluminescence Chemical Principles And Methods Revised ed World Scientific Publishing Company 2012 ISBN 978 981 4366 08 3 15 クラゲに学ぶ ノーベル賞への道 Learning from Jellyfish The Path to the Nobel Prize in Japanese Nagasaki Literature 2010 ISBN 978 4 88851 157 5 Papers Yasanuga Shungo Shimomura Osamu July 1954 無機クロマトグラフィーに関する研究 第6報 滬紙通電クロマトグラフィーの装置について Studies on Inorganic Chromatography Part 6 Apparatus for Electrochromatography on Paper Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 74 7 778 780 doi 10 1248 yakushi1947 74 7 778 ISSN 0031 6903 口紙電気泳動に関する研究 第3報 難溶性塩および錯イオンの生成時における濃度 泳動度曲線について Study on Oral Electrophoresis Part 3 Concentration Magnetic Mobility Curves in Formation of Poorly Soluble Salts and Complex Ions Chemistry Journal of Japan 76 9 973 977 1955 doi 10 1246 nikkashi1948 76 973 ISSN 0369 5387 アニリン誘導体およびフェエノール誘導体のロ紙電気泳動について Study on Oral Electrophoresis of Aniline Derivatives and Phenol Derivatives Chemistry Journal of Japan 76 3 277 281 1955 doi 10 1246 nikkashi1948 76 277 Hirata Yoshimasa Eguchi Shoji Shimomura Osamu October 17 1959 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Organic Compounds 3 83 93 doi 10 24496 tennenyuki 3 0 83 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 第2 3報 第2報 海ホタルルシフェリンの性質および分子式について Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin Part 2 3 Part 2 Properties and Molecular Formula of Sea Firefly Luciferin Chemical Journal of Japan 81 1 179 182 1960 doi 10 1246 nikkashi1948 81 179 海ホタルルシフェリンの構造 第2 3報 第3報 海ホタルルシフェリンおよびヒドロルシフェリンの推定構造 Structure of Sea Firefly Luciferin Parts 2 3 Part 3 Predicted Structures of Sea Firefly Luciferin and Hydroluciferin Chemistry Journal of Japan 81 1 182 185 1960 doi 10 1246 nikkashi1948 81 182 緑色蛍光たんぱく質GFPは天の恵みか Is green fluorescent protein GFP a godsend Acta anatomica Nipponica 85 3 September 1 2010 99 106 See also Edit Japan portal Biography portal Chemistry portalList of Japanese Nobel laureates Kamo AquariumReferences Edit Chang Kenneth 24 October 2018 Osamu Shimomura 90 Dies Won Nobel for Finding a Glowing Protein The New York Times The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation Retrieved 2008 11 04 a b Aglow in the Dark The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence Harvard University Press Retrieved 2017 11 28 a b c d Nobelprize org Nobel laureate lecture December 8 2008 Osamu Shimomura The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Interview The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation Retrieved 2009 01 12 a b Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize boston com Retrieved 2017 11 28 Former Associate Professor Osamu Shimomura Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nagoya university Retrieved 2008 12 05 dead link 下村脩先生が2008年ノーベル化学賞をご受賞 Nagoya University Archived from the original on 2008 12 19 Retrieved 2008 12 05 Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here princeton edu Retrieved 2017 11 28 GFP History Marc Zimmer Retrieved 2008 12 09 About the Pearse Prize Royal Microscopical Society Retrieved 2016 06 10 Emile Chamot Award Recipient State Microscopical Society of Illinois Archived from the original on 2008 12 10 Retrieved 2008 12 09 Donald Keene 7 others win Order of Culture Archived 2008 10 30 at the Wayback Machine Yomiuri Shimbun October 29 2008 Green Fluorescent Protein The Golden Goose Award Archived from the original on 2015 09 09 Retrieved 2015 05 27 Bioluminescence Chemical Principles and Methods World Scientific Archived from the original on 2012 07 10 Retrieved 2017 11 28 Sources EditOsamu Shimomura on Nobelprize org including the Nobel lecture Discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein GFPExternal links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Osamu Shimomura Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Osamu Shimomura amp oldid 1168651238, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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