Ophthalmia (also called ophthalmitis) is inflammation of the eye. It results in congestion of the eyeball, often eye-watering, redness and swelling, itching and burning, and a general feeling of irritation under the eyelids. Ophthalmia can have different causes, such as infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or may result from a physical trauma to the eye, chemical irritation, and allergies. A bacteria infection can result in a mucus and pus secretion.[1] Severe cases of ophthalmia can cause blindness if not treated, especially in newborns, who contract it from the environment in the womb.[2] Treatments vary according to the nature of the cause, with minor irritations going away on their own.
Aristodemus, a Spartan captain during the Second Persian invasion of Greece, was affected by ophthalmia and was thus unable to fight at the Battle of Thermopylae (of the famous Spartan 300). However, he fought bravely and died at the Battle of Plataea. Due to the ophthalmia, and his absence from the first battle, he was not buried with proper funeral rites of a Spartan captain.[4]
Cicero, on 1 March 49 BC wrote to Atticus that he had ophthalmia.[5]
Eratosthenes, who among other things was a Greek geographer and mathematician, contracted ophthalmia as he aged, becoming blind around 195 BC, depressing him and causing him to voluntarily starve himself to death. He died in 194 BC at the age of 82.[6]
Hannibal's sight was lost in his right eye in 217 BC by what was likely ophthalmia. He lost the sight while crossing a swamp area on a four-day march through water early in his Italian campaign.[7]
King John of Bohemia, who died in battle in 1346 at age 50 after being blind for a decade, lost his sight to this general condition.
Christopher Columbus had ophthalmitis late in his life. Ophthalmitis was a common disease of sailors, possibly related to scurvy or poor nutrition. In the book Negro Builders and Heroes by Benjamin Brawley, in the chapter entitled "The Wake of the Slave-Ship", is a description of this condition affecting, on slave ships, sometimes the whole crew and captive slaves.
Elizabeth Blackwell, physician in the United States, lost an eye from purulent ophthalmia contracted from an infant with an eye infection, while working in Paris at La Maternité (1849), and after loss of the eye she could no longer be a surgeon.
The Spanish composer and guitar virtuoso Francisco Tárrega also had ophthalmia and seriously impaired sight after a traumatic childhood event (1850s).
Hugh Fortescue, aka Lord Ebrington, (1818-1905), British Liberal MP and sanitary reformer, contracted ophthalmia in the course of a visit in 1856 to a barracks whilst researching sanitary conditions in the army. He lost sight in one eye. [9]
Richard Henry Dana Jr., author of the American classic, Two Years Before the Mast (1840), developed "a weakness of the eyes" after contracting measles while a junior at Harvard College. In an attempt to cure his condition, he undertook a two-year sailing voyage to California from Boston via Cape Horn, which provided the experiences for his memoir. The cure worked.
Edward Rushton, 18th-century blind poet and slavery abolitionist, who founded the first blind school in the UK in 1776. He is believed to have caught ophthalmia while compassionately feeding slaves who had been isolated for it.[10]
Wild Bill Hickok, 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, at just 39, as his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline.
Notesedit
^"Ophthalmia". RETINA - Przychodnia i Szpital Okulistyczny (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-10-07.
^Matejcek, Adela; Goldman, Ran D. (November 2013). "Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum". Canadian Family Physician. 59 (11): 1187–1190. ISSN 0008-350X. PMC3828094. PMID 24235191.
^Tan, Aik-Kah (2019-01-09). "Ophthalmia Neonatorum". New England Journal of Medicine. 380 (2): e2. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1808613. PMID 30625059. S2CID 58654865.
ophthalmia, ophthalmitis, redirects, here, genus, geometer, moth, ophthalmitis, moth, this, article, provides, insufficient, context, those, unfamiliar, with, subject, please, help, improve, article, providing, more, context, reader, october, 2021, learn, when. Ophthalmitis redirects here For the genus of geometer moth see Ophthalmitis moth This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader October 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ophthalmia also called ophthalmitis is inflammation of the eye It results in congestion of the eyeball often eye watering redness and swelling itching and burning and a general feeling of irritation under the eyelids Ophthalmia can have different causes such as infection from bacteria viruses fungi or may result from a physical trauma to the eye chemical irritation and allergies A bacteria infection can result in a mucus and pus secretion 1 Severe cases of ophthalmia can cause blindness if not treated especially in newborns who contract it from the environment in the womb 2 Treatments vary according to the nature of the cause with minor irritations going away on their own Types editTypes include sympathetic ophthalmia inflammation of both eyes following trauma to one eye gonococcal ophthalmia trachoma or Egyptian ophthalmia ophthalmia neonatorum a conjunctivitis 3 of the newborn due to either of the two previous pathogens photophthalmia and actinic conjunctivitis inflammation resulting from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays and others Noted historical cases editAristodemus a Spartan captain during the Second Persian invasion of Greece was affected by ophthalmia and was thus unable to fight at the Battle of Thermopylae of the famous Spartan 300 However he fought bravely and died at the Battle of Plataea Due to the ophthalmia and his absence from the first battle he was not buried with proper funeral rites of a Spartan captain 4 Cicero on 1 March 49 BC wrote to Atticus that he had ophthalmia 5 Eratosthenes who among other things was a Greek geographer and mathematician contracted ophthalmia as he aged becoming blind around 195 BC depressing him and causing him to voluntarily starve himself to death He died in 194 BC at the age of 82 6 Hannibal s sight was lost in his right eye in 217 BC by what was likely ophthalmia He lost the sight while crossing a swamp area on a four day march through water early in his Italian campaign 7 Citing Galatians 4 13 15 and 6 11 Restoration Movement scholar J W McGarvey theorized that ophthalmia may have very well been the Apostle Paul s thorn in the flesh 2 Cor 12 7 8 King John of Bohemia who died in battle in 1346 at age 50 after being blind for a decade lost his sight to this general condition Christopher Columbus had ophthalmitis late in his life Ophthalmitis was a common disease of sailors possibly related to scurvy or poor nutrition In the book Negro Builders and Heroes by Benjamin Brawley in the chapter entitled The Wake of the Slave Ship is a description of this condition affecting on slave ships sometimes the whole crew and captive slaves Elizabeth Blackwell physician in the United States lost an eye from purulent ophthalmia contracted from an infant with an eye infection while working in Paris at La Maternite 1849 and after loss of the eye she could no longer be a surgeon The Spanish composer and guitar virtuoso Francisco Tarrega also had ophthalmia and seriously impaired sight after a traumatic childhood event 1850s Hugh Fortescue aka Lord Ebrington 1818 1905 British Liberal MP and sanitary reformer contracted ophthalmia in the course of a visit in 1856 to a barracks whilst researching sanitary conditions in the army He lost sight in one eye 9 Richard Henry Dana Jr author of the American classic Two Years Before the Mast 1840 developed a weakness of the eyes after contracting measles while a junior at Harvard College In an attempt to cure his condition he undertook a two year sailing voyage to California from Boston via Cape Horn which provided the experiences for his memoir The cure worked Edward Rushton 18th century blind poet and slavery abolitionist who founded the first blind school in the UK in 1776 He is believed to have caught ophthalmia while compassionately feeding slaves who had been isolated for it 10 Wild Bill Hickok 1876 Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City Missouri at just 39 as his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline Notes edit Ophthalmia RETINA Przychodnia i Szpital Okulistyczny in Polish Retrieved 2021 10 07 Matejcek Adela Goldman Ran D November 2013 Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum Canadian Family Physician 59 11 1187 1190 ISSN 0008 350X PMC 3828094 PMID 24235191 Tan Aik Kah 2019 01 09 Ophthalmia Neonatorum New England Journal of Medicine 380 2 e2 doi 10 1056 NEJMicm1808613 PMID 30625059 S2CID 58654865 Mackenzie C 2010 Marathon amp salamis p 146 Yardley PA Westholme Publishing Letters to Atticus VIII I3 Bailey Ellen Eratosthenes of Cyrene Eratosthenes Of Cyrene January 2006 1 3 Polybius Histories Book 3 chapter 79 J W McGarvey and P Y Pendleton Thessalonians Corinthians Galatians and Romans Cincinnati OH Standard Publishing n d 236 Morning Advertiser 9 June 1856 Edward Rushton Who was this blind revolutionary BBC News 2014 11 22 Retrieved 2023 03 03 Portals nbsp Anatomy nbsp Medicine nbsp Science Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ophthalmia amp oldid 1205284273, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
