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NeVe 1

December 20, 2023

NeVe 1[2] is a supergiant elliptical galaxy, which is the central, dominant member and brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of the Ophiuchus Cluster. It lies at a distance of about 411 million light-years away from Earth and is located behind the Zone of Avoidance region in the sky. It is the host galaxy of the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption, the most energetic astronomical event known.[3][4][5]

NeVe 1
Combined XMM-Newton and GMRT image of the Ophiuchus Cluster, with NeVe 1 being the bright, purple spot. The blue cloud on its lower left is the remnant of the eruption.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationOphiuchus
Right ascension17h 12m 27.74s[1]
Declination−23° 22′ 10.8″[1]
Redshift0.02846[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity8530.9 km/s[1]
Distance411.2 Mly (126.08 Mpc)[1]
(comoving distance)
Group or clusterOphiuchus Cluster
Apparent magnitude (V)not visible
Characteristics
TypeE, cD[1]
Size~331,800 ly (101.74 kpc) (estimated) [1]
Notable featuresHost galaxy of the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption
Other designations
WISEA J171227.81-232210.7; 2MASX J17122774-2322108; PGC 59827; Ophiuchus Cluster BCG; Ophiuchus A[1]

Observation history edit

 
The Ophiuchus Cluster as imaged by Pan-STARRS DR1, showing the giant galaxy NeVe 1 and its fuzzy halo partially obscured by the dense foreground stars of the Milky Way

Despite being in the relatively nearby, large Ophiuchus Cluster, due to its location behind the Milky Way galactic disc relative to the Earth's perspective (known as the Zone of Avoidance), the majority of the cluster including NeVe 1 are heavily obscured and invisible to the naked eye, such that it can only be observed in wavelengths beyond the visible spectrum, such as X-rays and infrared.

When first observed in 1985 it was initially thought to be a planetary nebula within the large, star-forming Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.[6] In a catalogue published by the German astronomers Thorsten Neckel and Hans Vehrenberg using data retrieved from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey, the object was then assigned as the first entry of their Atlas of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (NeVe, from their surnames Neckel and Vehrenberg).[6] The "planetary nebula" was then further incorporated in the Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae in 1991.[7]

In a subsequent survey using six films from the ESO/SERC Sky Survey Atlas, at least 4,100 galaxies including NeVe 1 were identified.[8] This was further attested by the detection of luminous X-ray and radio emission in the object that is indicative of an active galactic nucleus,[9] leading to its identification as not a nearby planetary nebula from a dying star, but a full-fledged giant galaxy lying beyond the Milky Way.

Characteristics edit

NeVe 1's location in the sky behind the plane of the Milky Way makes it very difficult to study in the optical wavelengths. Using near-infrared and X-ray measurements it is shown to be a large elliptical galaxy—probably one of the largest such galaxies near the Milky Way, with the diameter twice that of Messier 87.[1] Observations using the Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2010 revealed that NeVe 1 sits at the center of a comet-like structure of its host cluster, indicative of ram-pressure stripping and the merger of at least two smaller subclusters. This enormous structure may have slowed down the velocity of NeVe 1 via the interaction of its stars and dark matter. The head of the structure sits about 4 kiloparsecs (13,000 light-years) from NeVe 1 and the galaxy itself is classified as a cooling core with high X-ray emission in contrast to the hot, intracluster medium of the Ophiuchus Cluster.[10]

Eruption edit

 
The Ophiuchus Cluster with labels included. The central galaxy NeVe 1 is marked by the cross (+), while the dashed line shows the break in its X-ray halo—the boundary of the cavity and its associated radio emission. The image on the lower right by Chandra further details the cavity edge in NeVe 1's X-ray halo.
Credit: Chandra, 2MASS, XMM-Newton, GMRT.

In a paper published in 2020, NeVe 1 and its surrounding region has been identified as an extreme example of a giant radio fossil—with structures indicative of a much more violent AGN activity in the past.[11] In the case of NeVe 1 there is a striking concave arc terminating the bubble of the X-ray halo surrounding the galaxy, with smaller mini-lobes that may be a result of further, smaller activity of its AGN.[11] This concave arc is part of an enormous cavity, a void region of the intracluster medium with the diameter of at least 460 kpc (1.5 million light-years) that corresponds to an extensive, radio-emitting structure extending throughout the cluster.[11]

The creation of such an enormous cavity could be explained by an extraordinarily large AGN outburst from NeVe 1. Assuming that the cavity and the galaxy are roughly in the same radial orientation relative to Earth, the energy required to create the cavity (factoring in the density of the intracluster medium of the Ophiuchus Cluster that resist and must be displaced by the expansion) would be on the order of 5×1061 ergs (5×1054 J) of energy.[11] This violent outburst, likely to have happened no less than 240 million years before, is the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption—the most energetic astronomical event known.[3][5] It was five times more energetic than the outburst at the galaxy cluster MS 0735.6+7421, and 4.2 million times more energetic than GRB 221009A—the most energetic gamma-ray burst known.[12] It was a high-energy low-power event, occurring over millions of years.[5]

The outburst has been attested to have been generated by NeVe 1's central supermassive black hole, which may have consumed an equivalent of 270 million solar masses of material—possibly from a cannibalized dwarf galaxy—that generated shock waves and relativistic jets of high-energy particles that displaced the intracluster medium to form the cavity.[13][14] The eruption occurred slowly over millions of years and released as much energy equivalent to thousands of gamma-ray bursts per year.[15]

The question remains as to how the still extant cool core of NeVe 1 would have survived such a cataclysmic activity, which would have completely destroyed the core. It has been suggested that the eruption may be the result of some form of large-scale hydrodynamic activity within the intracluster medium, allowing it to distribute the energy by a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability eddy allowing the core to survive.[11] Such structures have been found in the similar Perseus Cluster and its galaxy NGC 1275.

This observation is a result of collaboration among various space-based and Earth-based observatories including the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, ESA’s XMM Newton X-ray space observatory and radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Australia and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in India.[16][17]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for WISEA J171227.81-232210.7. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  2. ^ "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for 2MASX J17122774-2322108.
  3. ^ a b "Ophiuchus Galaxy Cluster". NASA. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  4. ^ Overbye, Dennis (6 March 2020). "This Black Hole Blew a Hole in the Cosmos - The galaxy cluster Ophiuchus was doing just fine until WISEA J171227.81-232210.7—a black hole several billion times as massive as our sun — burped on it". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "The AGN Outburst we won't call an explosion and a rock around the Earth | The Daily Space". 28 February 2020. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  6. ^ a b Neckel, T.; Vehrenberg, H. (1985). Atlas galaktischer Nebel (Atlas of Galactic Planetary Nebulae). Düsseldorf, Germany: Treugesell-Verlag. p. 550. ISBN 978-3-87974-125-0. OCLC 15003795.
  7. ^ Acker, A.; Marcout, J.; Ochsenbein, F.; Steinholm, B.; Tylenda, R.; Schohn, C. (1992). "The Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae. Parts I, II". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union: 1047. Bibcode:1992secg.book.....A. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2088-3_5. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  8. ^ Hasegawa, T.; Wakamatsu, K.; Malkan, M.; Sekiguchi, K.; Menzies, J.W.; Parker, Q.A.; Jugaku, J.; Karoji, H.; Okamura, S. (1 August 2000). "Large-scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 316 (2): 326–344. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.316..326H. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03531.x.
  9. ^ Pérez-Torres, M.A.; Zandanel, F.; Guerrero, M.A.; Pal, S.; Profumo, S.; Prada, F.; Panessa, F. (1 July 2009). "The origin of the diffuse non-thermal X-ray and radio emission in the Ophiuchus cluster of galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 396 (4): 2237–2248. arXiv:0812.3598. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.396.2237P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14883.x. S2CID 6725526. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  10. ^ Million, E.T.; Allen, S.W.; Werner, N.; Taylor, G.B. (23 June 2010). "Ram-pressure stripping of the cool core of the Ophiuchus Cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 405 (3): 1624–1633. arXiv:0910.0025. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405.1624M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16596.x. S2CID 200301. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  11. ^ a b c d e Giacintucci, S.; Markevitch, M.; Johnston-Hollitt, M.; Wik, D. R.; Wang, Q. H. S.; Clarke, T. E. (4 February 2020). "Discovery of a giant radio fossil in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 891 (1): 1. arXiv:2002.01291. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891....1G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6a9d. S2CID 211020555.
  12. ^ Burns, Eric; Svinkin, Dmitry; Fenimore, Edward; Kann, D. Alexander; Agüí Fernández, José Feliciano; Frederiks, Dmitry; Hamburg, Rachel; Lesage, Stephen; Temiraev, Yuri; Tsvetkova, Anastasia; Bissaldi, Elisabetta; Briggs, Michael S.; Dalessi, Sarah; Dunwoody, Rachel; Fletcher, Cori (2023-03-01). "GRB 221009A: The BOAT". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 946 (1): L31. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc39c. ISSN 2041-8205.
  13. ^ Werner, N.; Zhuravleva, I.; Canning, R. E. A.; Allen, S. W.; King, A. L.; Sanders, J. S.; Simionescu, A.; Taylor, G. B.; Morris, R. G.; Fabian, A. C. (August 2016). "Deep Chandra study of the truncated cool core of the Ophiuchus cluster". MNRAS. 460 (3): 2752–2764. arXiv:1604.01038. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.460.2752W. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1171. ISSN 0035-8711.
  14. ^ "Universe's Most Powerful Black Hole Eruption Spotted | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  15. ^ Carter, Jamie. "'Biggest Explosion In The Universe Since The Big Bang' Found By Astronomers". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  16. ^ "Biggest cosmic explosion ever detected left huge dent in space". The Guardian. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  17. ^ Giacintucci, S.; Markevitch, M.; Johnston-Hollitt, M.; Wik, D. R.; Wang, Q. H. S.; Clarke, T. E. (2020-02-04). "Discovery of a giant radio fossil in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 891 (1): 1. arXiv:2002.01291. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891....1G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6a9d. S2CID 211020555.

See also edit

December 20, 2023
neve, supergiant, elliptical, galaxy, which, central, dominant, member, brightest, cluster, galaxy, ophiuchus, cluster, lies, distance, about, million, light, years, away, from, earth, located, behind, zone, avoidance, region, host, galaxy, ophiuchus, superclu. NeVe 1 2 is a supergiant elliptical galaxy which is the central dominant member and brightest cluster galaxy BCG of the Ophiuchus Cluster It lies at a distance of about 411 million light years away from Earth and is located behind the Zone of Avoidance region in the sky It is the host galaxy of the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption the most energetic astronomical event known 3 4 5 NeVe 1Combined XMM Newton and GMRT image of the Ophiuchus Cluster with NeVe 1 being the bright purple spot The blue cloud on its lower left is the remnant of the eruption Observation data J2000 epoch ConstellationOphiuchusRight ascension17h 12m 27 74s 1 Declination 23 22 10 8 1 Redshift0 02846 1 Heliocentric radial velocity8530 9 km s 1 Distance411 2 Mly 126 08 Mpc 1 comoving distance Group or clusterOphiuchus ClusterApparent magnitude V not visibleCharacteristicsTypeE cD 1 Size 331 800 ly 101 74 kpc estimated 1 Notable featuresHost galaxy of the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruptionOther designationsWISEA J171227 81 232210 7 2MASX J17122774 2322108 PGC 59827 Ophiuchus Cluster BCG Ophiuchus A 1 Contents 1 Observation history 2 Characteristics 3 Eruption 4 See also 5 References 6 See alsoObservation history edit nbsp The Ophiuchus Cluster as imaged by Pan STARRS DR1 showing the giant galaxy NeVe 1 and its fuzzy halo partially obscured by the dense foreground stars of the Milky WayDespite being in the relatively nearby large Ophiuchus Cluster due to its location behind the Milky Way galactic disc relative to the Earth s perspective known as the Zone of Avoidance the majority of the cluster including NeVe 1 are heavily obscured and invisible to the naked eye such that it can only be observed in wavelengths beyond the visible spectrum such as X rays and infrared When first observed in 1985 it was initially thought to be a planetary nebula within the large star forming Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex 6 In a catalogue published by the German astronomers Thorsten Neckel and Hans Vehrenberg using data retrieved from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey the object was then assigned as the first entry of their Atlas of Galactic Planetary Nebulae NeVe from their surnames Neckel and Vehrenberg 6 The planetary nebula was then further incorporated in the Strasbourg ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae in 1991 7 In a subsequent survey using six films from the ESO SERC Sky Survey Atlas at least 4 100 galaxies including NeVe 1 were identified 8 This was further attested by the detection of luminous X ray and radio emission in the object that is indicative of an active galactic nucleus 9 leading to its identification as not a nearby planetary nebula from a dying star but a full fledged giant galaxy lying beyond the Milky Way Characteristics editNeVe 1 s location in the sky behind the plane of the Milky Way makes it very difficult to study in the optical wavelengths Using near infrared and X ray measurements it is shown to be a large elliptical galaxy probably one of the largest such galaxies near the Milky Way with the diameter twice that of Messier 87 1 Observations using the Chandra X ray Observatory in 2010 revealed that NeVe 1 sits at the center of a comet like structure of its host cluster indicative of ram pressure stripping and the merger of at least two smaller subclusters This enormous structure may have slowed down the velocity of NeVe 1 via the interaction of its stars and dark matter The head of the structure sits about 4 kiloparsecs 13 000 light years from NeVe 1 and the galaxy itself is classified as a cooling core with high X ray emission in contrast to the hot intracluster medium of the Ophiuchus Cluster 10 Eruption edit nbsp The Ophiuchus Cluster with labels included The central galaxy NeVe 1 is marked by the cross while the dashed line shows the break in its X ray halo the boundary of the cavity and its associated radio emission The image on the lower right by Chandra further details the cavity edge in NeVe 1 s X ray halo Credit Chandra 2MASS XMM Newton GMRT In a paper published in 2020 NeVe 1 and its surrounding region has been identified as an extreme example of a giant radio fossil with structures indicative of a much more violent AGN activity in the past 11 In the case of NeVe 1 there is a striking concave arc terminating the bubble of the X ray halo surrounding the galaxy with smaller mini lobes that may be a result of further smaller activity of its AGN 11 This concave arc is part of an enormous cavity a void region of the intracluster medium with the diameter of at least 460 kpc 1 5 million light years that corresponds to an extensive radio emitting structure extending throughout the cluster 11 The creation of such an enormous cavity could be explained by an extraordinarily large AGN outburst from NeVe 1 Assuming that the cavity and the galaxy are roughly in the same radial orientation relative to Earth the energy required to create the cavity factoring in the density of the intracluster medium of the Ophiuchus Cluster that resist and must be displaced by the expansion would be on the order of 5 1061 ergs 5 1054 J of energy 11 This violent outburst likely to have happened no less than 240 million years before is the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption the most energetic astronomical event known 3 5 It was five times more energetic than the outburst at the galaxy cluster MS 0735 6 7421 and 4 2 million times more energetic than GRB 221009A the most energetic gamma ray burst known 12 It was a high energy low power event occurring over millions of years 5 The outburst has been attested to have been generated by NeVe 1 s central supermassive black hole which may have consumed an equivalent of 270 million solar masses of material possibly from a cannibalized dwarf galaxy that generated shock waves and relativistic jets of high energy particles that displaced the intracluster medium to form the cavity 13 14 The eruption occurred slowly over millions of years and released as much energy equivalent to thousands of gamma ray bursts per year 15 The question remains as to how the still extant cool core of NeVe 1 would have survived such a cataclysmic activity which would have completely destroyed the core It has been suggested that the eruption may be the result of some form of large scale hydrodynamic activity within the intracluster medium allowing it to distribute the energy by a Kelvin Helmholtz instability eddy allowing the core to survive 11 Such structures have been found in the similar Perseus Cluster and its galaxy NGC 1275 This observation is a result of collaboration among various space based and Earth based observatories including the Hubble Space Telescope the Chandra X ray Observatory ESA s XMM Newton X ray space observatory and radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array MWA in Australia and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope GMRT in India 16 17 See also editAT 2021lwx MS 0735 6 7421References edit a b c d e f g h i NASA IPAC Extragalactic Database Results for WISEA J171227 81 232210 7 Retrieved 2021 09 10 SIMBAD Astronomical Database Results for 2MASX J17122774 2322108 a b Ophiuchus Galaxy Cluster NASA 27 February 2020 Retrieved 10 September 2021 Overbye Dennis 6 March 2020 This Black Hole Blew a Hole in the Cosmos The galaxy cluster Ophiuchus was doing just fine until WISEA J171227 81 232210 7 a black hole several billion times as massive as our sun burped on it The New York Times Retrieved 30 September 2021 a b c The AGN Outburst we won t call an explosion and a rock around the Earth The Daily Space 28 February 2020 Retrieved 2021 09 10 a b Neckel T Vehrenberg H 1985 Atlas galaktischer Nebel Atlas of Galactic Planetary Nebulae Dusseldorf Germany Treugesell Verlag p 550 ISBN 978 3 87974 125 0 OCLC 15003795 Acker A Marcout J Ochsenbein F Steinholm B Tylenda R Schohn C 1992 The Strasbourg ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae Parts I II Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1047 Bibcode 1992secg book A doi 10 1007 978 94 011 2088 3 5 Retrieved 10 September 2021 Hasegawa T Wakamatsu K Malkan M Sekiguchi K Menzies J W Parker Q A Jugaku J Karoji H Okamura S 1 August 2000 Large scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 316 2 326 344 Bibcode 2000MNRAS 316 326H doi 10 1046 j 1365 8711 2000 03531 x Perez Torres M A Zandanel F Guerrero M A Pal S Profumo S Prada F Panessa F 1 July 2009 The origin of the diffuse non thermal X ray and radio emission in the Ophiuchus cluster of galaxies Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 396 4 2237 2248 arXiv 0812 3598 Bibcode 2009MNRAS 396 2237P doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2009 14883 x S2CID 6725526 Retrieved 10 September 2021 Million E T Allen S W Werner N Taylor G B 23 June 2010 Ram pressure stripping of the cool core of the Ophiuchus Cluster Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 405 3 1624 1633 arXiv 0910 0025 Bibcode 2010MNRAS 405 1624M doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2010 16596 x S2CID 200301 Retrieved 10 September 2021 a b c d e Giacintucci S Markevitch M Johnston Hollitt M Wik D R Wang Q H S Clarke T E 4 February 2020 Discovery of a giant radio fossil in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster The Astrophysical Journal 891 1 1 arXiv 2002 01291 Bibcode 2020ApJ 891 1G doi 10 3847 1538 4357 ab6a9d S2CID 211020555 Burns Eric Svinkin Dmitry Fenimore Edward Kann D Alexander Agui Fernandez Jose Feliciano Frederiks Dmitry Hamburg Rachel Lesage Stephen Temiraev Yuri Tsvetkova Anastasia Bissaldi Elisabetta Briggs Michael S Dalessi Sarah Dunwoody Rachel Fletcher Cori 2023 03 01 GRB 221009A The BOAT The Astrophysical Journal Letters 946 1 L31 doi 10 3847 2041 8213 acc39c ISSN 2041 8205 Werner N Zhuravleva I Canning R E A Allen S W King A L Sanders J S Simionescu A Taylor G B Morris R G Fabian A C August 2016 Deep Chandra study of the truncated cool core of the Ophiuchus cluster MNRAS 460 3 2752 2764 arXiv 1604 01038 Bibcode 2016MNRAS 460 2752W doi 10 1093 mnras stw1171 ISSN 0035 8711 Universe s Most Powerful Black Hole Eruption Spotted Astronomy Sci News com Breaking Science News Sci News com Retrieved 2020 12 09 Carter Jamie Biggest Explosion In The Universe Since The Big Bang Found By Astronomers Forbes Retrieved 2023 02 13 Biggest cosmic explosion ever detected left huge dent in space The Guardian 27 February 2020 Retrieved 28 February 2020 Giacintucci S Markevitch M Johnston Hollitt M Wik D R Wang Q H S Clarke T E 2020 02 04 Discovery of a giant radio fossil in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster The Astrophysical Journal 891 1 1 arXiv 2002 01291 Bibcode 2020ApJ 891 1G doi 10 3847 1538 4357 ab6a9d S2CID 211020555 See also editMS 0735 6 7421 galaxy cluster whose eruption was the previously known most energetic astronomical event NGC 1275 Messier 87 Orders of magnitude energy Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Outer space nbsp Science Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NeVe 1 amp oldid 1189946142 Eruption, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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