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Workerism is a political theory that emphasizes the importance of or glorifies the working class.[1] Workerism, or operaismo, was of particular significance in Italian left-wing politics.
Workerism (or operaismo) is a political analysis, whose main elements were to merge into autonomism, that starts out from the power of the working class. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, known as operaist and autonomist writers, offer a definition of operaismo, quoting from Marx as they do so:
Operaismo builds on Marx's claim that capital reacts to the struggles of the working class; the working class is active and capital reactive.
Technological development: Where there are strikes, machines will follow. "It would be possible to write a whole history of the inventions made since 1830 for the sole purpose of providing capital with weapons against working-class revolt." (Capital, Vol. 1, Chapter 15, Section 5)
Political development: The factory legislation in England was a response to the working class struggle over the length of the working day. "Their formulation, official recognition and proclamation by the State were the result of a long class struggle." (Capital, Vol. 1, Chapter 10, Section 6)
Operaismo takes this as its fundamental axiom: the struggles of the working class precede and prefigure the successive re-structurations of capital.[2]
The workerists followed Marx in seeking to base their politics on an investigation of working class life and struggle. Through translations made available by Danilo Montaldi and others, they drew upon previous activist research in the United States by the Johnson-Forest Tendency and in France by the group Socialisme ou Barbarie. The Johnson-Forest Tendency had studied working class life and struggles within the Detroit auto industry, publishing pamphlets such as "The American Worker" (1947), "Punching Out" (1952) and "Union Committeemen and Wildcat Strikes" (1955). That work was translated into French by Socialisme ou Barbarie and published, serially, in their journal. They too began investigating and writing about what was going on inside workplaces, in their case inside both auto factories and insurance offices.
The journal Quaderni Rossi ("Red Notebooks", 1961–5), along with its successor Classe Operaia ("Working Class", 1963–6), both founded by Negri and Tronti, developed workerist theory, focusing on the struggles of proletarians.
Associated with this theoretical development was a praxis based on workplace organising, most notably by Lotta Continua. This reached its peak in the Italian "Hot Autumn" of 1969.
By the mid-1970s, however, the emphasis shifted from the factory to "the social factory"—the everyday lives of working people in their communities. The operaist and post-operaist movement was increasingly known as autonomist.
Galimberti, Jacopo (6 September 2022). Images of Class. Operaismo, Autonomia and the Visual Arts (1962-1988). Verso Books . ISBN978-1-8397-6531-5.
Wright, Steve (20 February 2002). Storming Heaven: Class composition and struggle in Italian Autonomist Marxism. University of Michigan Press. ISBN978-0-7453-1607-9. (Extract: The Workerists and the unions in Italy's 'Hot Autumn' at Libcom.org)
Sergio Bologna, Workerism Beyond Fordism: On the Lineage of Italian Workerism at Viewpoint Magazine
A critique of autonomism, which grew from operaismo, published by a Trotskyist group
Interviews of members of the operaismo movement 2006-12-08 at the Wayback Machine
Workerism as pejorativeedit
. Antagonism. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006. A critique of "workerism" with a Marxian definition of proletariat.
. It differentiates three types of workerism.
February 16, 2024
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Workerism news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian August 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Italian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 020 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it Operaismo see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated it Operaismo to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French August 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 008 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Operaisme see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Operaisme to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Learn how and when to remove this template message Workerism is a political theory that emphasizes the importance of or glorifies the working class 1 Workerism or operaismo was of particular significance in Italian left wing politics Contents 1 As revolutionary praxis 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links 5 1 Workerism as revolutionary movement 5 2 Workerism as pejorativeAs revolutionary praxis editSee also Autonomism Workerism or operaismo is a political analysis whose main elements were to merge into autonomism that starts out from the power of the working class Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri known as operaist and autonomist writers offer a definition of operaismo quoting from Marx as they do so Operaismo builds on Marx s claim that capital reacts to the struggles of the working class the working class is active and capital reactive Technological development Where there are strikes machines will follow It would be possible to write a whole history of the inventions made since 1830 for the sole purpose of providing capital with weapons against working class revolt Capital Vol 1 Chapter 15 Section 5 Political development The factory legislation in England was a response to the working class struggle over the length of the working day Their formulation official recognition and proclamation by the State were the result of a long class struggle Capital Vol 1 Chapter 10 Section 6 Operaismo takes this as its fundamental axiom the struggles of the working class precede and prefigure the successive re structurations of capital 2 The workerists followed Marx in seeking to base their politics on an investigation of working class life and struggle Through translations made available by Danilo Montaldi and others they drew upon previous activist research in the United States by the Johnson Forest Tendency and in France by the group Socialisme ou Barbarie The Johnson Forest Tendency had studied working class life and struggles within the Detroit auto industry publishing pamphlets such as The American Worker 1947 Punching Out 1952 and Union Committeemen and Wildcat Strikes 1955 That work was translated into French by Socialisme ou Barbarie and published serially in their journal They too began investigating and writing about what was going on inside workplaces in their case inside both auto factories and insurance offices The journal Quaderni Rossi Red Notebooks 1961 5 along with its successor Classe Operaia Working Class 1963 6 both founded by Negri and Tronti developed workerist theory focusing on the struggles of proletarians Associated with this theoretical development was a praxis based on workplace organising most notably by Lotta Continua This reached its peak in the Italian Hot Autumn of 1969 By the mid 1970s however the emphasis shifted from the factory to the social factory the everyday lives of working people in their communities The operaist and post operaist movement was increasingly known as autonomist See also editAutonomism Syndicalism Labourism Mario Tronti Post Marxism Raniero PanzieriReferences edit workerism definition of workerism in English Oxford Dictionaries Oxford Dictionaries English Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Hardt Michael Negri Antonio 2002 Marx s Mole is Dead Globalisation and Communication Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a Cite magazine requires magazine help Further reading editGalimberti Jacopo 6 September 2022 Images of Class Operaismo Autonomia and the Visual Arts 1962 1988 Verso Books ISBN 978 1 8397 6531 5 Wright Steve 20 February 2002 Storming Heaven Class composition and struggle in Italian Autonomist Marxism University of Michigan Press ISBN 978 0 7453 1607 9 Extract The Workerists and the unions in Italy s Hot Autumn at Libcom org Filippini Michele Leaping Forward Mario Tronti and the History of Political Workerism Jan Van Eyck Academie ISBN 90 72076 68 0 External links editWorkerism as revolutionary movement edit Sergio Bologna Workerism Beyond Fordism On the Lineage of Italian Workerism at Viewpoint Magazine A critique of autonomism which grew from operaismo published by a Trotskyist group Interviews of members of the operaismo movement Archived 2006 12 08 at the Wayback MachineWorkerism as pejorative edit Workerism Antagonism Archived from the original on 14 February 2006 A critique of workerism with a Marxian definition of proletariat A critique of workerism from an ANC South Africa internal bulletin in 1986 It differentiates three types of workerism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Workerism amp oldid 1190263412, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
