Energy dependency shows the extent to which an economy relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. The indicator is calculated as net imports divided by the sum of gross inland energy consumption plus bunkers.
A crucial contribution on the road to energy independence is energy efficiency because efficient use of energy can build on individual efforts in power saving instead of having to rely on costly large-scale infrastructure.
Energy independence is being attempted by large or resource-rich and economically-strong countries like the United States,[6][7] Russia,[8] China[9][10] and the Near[11] and Middle East,[12][13] but it is so far an idealized status that at present can be only approximated by non-sustainableexploitation of a country's (non-renewable) natural resources.[14][15][16][17] Another factor in reducing dependence is the addition of renewable energy sources to the energy mix. Usually, a country relies on local and global energy renewable and non-renewable resources, a mixed-model solution that presumes various energy sources and modes of energy transfer between countries like electric power transmission, oil transport (oil and gas pipelines and tankers), etc. The European dependence on Russian energy is a good example because Russia is Europe's main supplier of hard coal, crude oil, and natural gas.[18] Oil wars in and between the Middle East, Russia, and the United States that have made markets unpredictable and volatile are also a great example as to why energy advocates and experts suggest countries invest in energy independence. The international dependence of energy resources exposes countries to vulnerability in every aspect of life — countries rely on energy for food, infrastructure, security, transportation, and more.
Planning and co-ordination in the strive for energy independence are the business of energy policy and energy management.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2021)
A study found that transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence because renewable energy systems don't need fuel – they depend on trade only for the acquisition of materials and components during construction.[19] Renewable energy is found to be an efficient way to ensure energy independence and security. It also supports the transition to a low carbon economy and society.[20] Ways to manage the variability of renewable energy – such as little solar power on cloudy days – include dispatchable generation and smart grids. Bioenergyhydropower and hydrogen energy could be used for such purposes alongside storage-options like batteries.[21]
Nuclear power
Several countries are conducting extensive research and development programs around renewable energy sources like solar, wind, water, and nuclear energy in hopes to achieve energy independence. However, because solar, wind, and water cannot always be derived as an energy source, nuclear energy is seen as a near-universal alternative that is efficient, safe, and combats the climate crisis.
Under the conceived notion that the expansion of and investment in nuclear energy power plants is a key step in the goal of achieving energy independence many countries, and companies, are supporting nuclear power research efforts.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), located in France, is an experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor that is a collaboration between 35 different countries. This project was launched in 2007 and still under construction today.
In 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy awarded $160 million in initial funding to TerraPower and X-energy to build advanced nuclear reactors that will be affordable to construct and operate. Both companies are expected to produce their product within 7 years.[22]
In that same tone, there are several other companies and institutions across the globe that are gaining attention from their nuclear power innovations and research efforts. Commonwealth Fusion Systems, founded in 2018, is focusing on the development of nuclear fusion.[23] In 2020, The Energy Impact Center launched its OPEN100 project, the world's first open-source blueprint for the design, construction, and financing of nuclear power plants.[24] General Fusion is a Canadian company currently developing a fusion power device, based on magnetized target fusion.[23] Flibe Energy aims to tackle the future of nuclear energy by researching and developing the liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR).[23]
In addition, safe and cost-effective storage of nuclear waste in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and full version of this underground storage in New Mexico is important for the nuclear fuel cycle.
^"Energy security indices in Europe / Economic Challenges for Energy Workshop February 7-8th 2011, Madrid" (PDF). eforenergy.org/. 2011.
^Hölsgens, Rick (2019). "Resource dependence and energy risks in the Netherlands since the mid-nineteenth century". Energy Policy. Elsevier BV. 125: 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.020. ISSN 0301-4215. S2CID 158310322.
^Bluszcz, Anna (5 May 2016). "European economies in terms of energy dependence". Quality & Quantity. Springer Nature. 51 (4): 1531–1548. doi:10.1007/s11135-016-0350-1. ISSN 0033-5177. PMC5486912. PMID 28725090.
^Homans, Charles (3 January 2012). "Energy Independence: A Short History". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^Lack, Simon (28 January 2019). "American Energy Independence Is Imminent". Forbes. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^"International - Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Russia". 9 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^Zhao, H. (2018). The Economics and Politics of China's Energy Security Transition. Elsevier Science. p. 106. ISBN978-0-12-815153-2. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^Li, Xing; Clark, Woodrow W. (2018). "Energy Economics in China's Policy-Making Plan". Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook. Elsevier. pp. 325–349. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813964-6.00017-3. ISBN978-0-12-813964-6.
^El-Katiri, Laura (1 January 2014). A Roadmap for Renewable Energy in the Middle East and North Africa. ORA. ISBN9781907555909. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^"A Bright Future For Solar Power In The Middle East". Global Economic Intersection. 23 April 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^Nematollahi, Omid; Hoghooghi, Hadi; Rasti, Mehdi; Sedaghat, Ahmad (2016). "Energy demands and renewable energy resources in the Middle East". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier BV. 54: 1172–1181. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.058. ISSN 1364-0321.
^"When will fossil fuels run out?". Ecotricity. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^Simon, C.A. (2007). Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 135. ISBN978-0-7425-4909-8. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^RenewEconomy, Giles Parkinson (9 April 2014). "Arvizu: Why the Current Energy System Is Unsustainable". Greentech Media. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^"Unsustainable Energy". CELDF. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^"Russia has maintained though throughout the whole period 2007-2017 its position as the leading supplier to the EU of the main primary energy commodities – hard coal, crude oil and natural gas"
^Krane, Jim; Idel, Robert (1 December 2021). "More transitions, less risk: How renewable energy reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence". Energy Research & Social Science. 82: 102311. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.102311. ISSN 2214-6296. S2CID 244187364.
^Lin, Boqiang; Zhu, Junpeng (1 October 2019). "Determinants of renewable energy technological innovation in China under CO2 emissions constraint". Journal of Environmental Management. 247: 662–671. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.121. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 31279143. S2CID 195820056.
^Schulthoff, Michael; Rudnick, Ivan; Bose, Abhishek; Gençer, Emre (2021). "Role of Hydrogen in a Low-Carbon Electric Power System: A Case Study". Frontiers in Energy Research. 8: 344. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2020.585461. ISSN 2296-598X.
^"U.S. Department of Energy Announces $160 Million in First Awards under Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program". Energy.gov. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
^ abcEarley, Kelly (27 February 2020). "6 start-ups innovating in the field of nuclear energy". Silicon Republic. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
^Proctor, Darrell (25 February 2020). "Tech Guru's Plan—Fight Climate Change with Nuclear Power". Power Magazine. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
energy, independence, independence, autarky, regarding, energy, resources, energy, supply, energy, generation, energy, industry, supplies, europe, global, concerns, energy, imports, energy, dependence, general, refers, mankind, general, dependence, either, pri. Energy independence is independence or autarky regarding energy resources energy supply and or energy generation by the energy industry Who supplies Europe The global concerns of EU energy imports Energy dependence in general refers to mankind s general dependence on either primary or secondary energy for energy consumption fuel transport automation etc In a narrower sense it may describe the dependence of one country on energy resources from another country Energy dependency shows the extent to which an economy relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs The indicator is calculated as net imports divided by the sum of gross inland energy consumption plus bunkers Eurostat 1 Energy dependence has been identified as one of several factors energy sources diversification energy suppliers diversification energy sources fungibility energy transport market liquidity energy resources political stability energy intensity GDP negatively contributing to energy security 2 Generally a higher level of energy dependence is associated with higher risk because of the possible interference of trade regulations international armed conflicts terrorist attacks etc 3 4 5 A crucial contribution on the road to energy independence is energy efficiency because efficient use of energy can build on individual efforts in power saving instead of having to rely on costly large scale infrastructure Energy independence is being attempted by large or resource rich and economically strong countries like the United States 6 7 Russia 8 China 9 10 and the Near 11 and Middle East 12 13 but it is so far an idealized status that at present can be only approximated by non sustainable exploitation of a country s non renewable natural resources 14 15 16 17 Another factor in reducing dependence is the addition of renewable energy sources to the energy mix Usually a country relies on local and global energy renewable and non renewable resources a mixed model solution that presumes various energy sources and modes of energy transfer between countries like electric power transmission oil transport oil and gas pipelines and tankers etc The European dependence on Russian energy is a good example because Russia is Europe s main supplier of hard coal crude oil and natural gas 18 Oil wars in and between the Middle East Russia and the United States that have made markets unpredictable and volatile are also a great example as to why energy advocates and experts suggest countries invest in energy independence The international dependence of energy resources exposes countries to vulnerability in every aspect of life countries rely on energy for food infrastructure security transportation and more Planning and co ordination in the strive for energy independence are the business of energy policy and energy management Contents 1 Techniques for energy independence 1 1 Renewable energy 1 2 Nuclear power 2 See also 2 1 Related concepts 2 2 National efforts 3 References 4 External linksTechniques for energy independence EditRenewable energy Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2021 A study found that transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems reduces risks from mining trade and political dependence because renewable energy systems don t need fuel they depend on trade only for the acquisition of materials and components during construction 19 Renewable energy is found to be an efficient way to ensure energy independence and security It also supports the transition to a low carbon economy and society 20 Ways to manage the variability of renewable energy such as little solar power on cloudy days include dispatchable generation and smart grids Bioenergy hydropower and hydrogen energy could be used for such purposes alongside storage options like batteries 21 Nuclear power Edit Several countries are conducting extensive research and development programs around renewable energy sources like solar wind water and nuclear energy in hopes to achieve energy independence However because solar wind and water cannot always be derived as an energy source nuclear energy is seen as a near universal alternative that is efficient safe and combats the climate crisis Under the conceived notion that the expansion of and investment in nuclear energy power plants is a key step in the goal of achieving energy independence many countries and companies are supporting nuclear power research efforts The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ITER located in France is an experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor that is a collaboration between 35 different countries This project was launched in 2007 and still under construction today In 2020 the U S Department of Energy awarded 160 million in initial funding to TerraPower and X energy to build advanced nuclear reactors that will be affordable to construct and operate Both companies are expected to produce their product within 7 years 22 In that same tone there are several other companies and institutions across the globe that are gaining attention from their nuclear power innovations and research efforts Commonwealth Fusion Systems founded in 2018 is focusing on the development of nuclear fusion 23 In 2020 The Energy Impact Center launched its OPEN100 project the world s first open source blueprint for the design construction and financing of nuclear power plants 24 General Fusion is a Canadian company currently developing a fusion power device based on magnetized target fusion 23 Flibe Energy aims to tackle the future of nuclear energy by researching and developing the liquid fluoride thorium reactor LFTR 23 In addition safe and cost effective storage of nuclear waste in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and full version of this underground storage in New Mexico is important for the nuclear fuel cycle See also Edit Energy portalRelated concepts Edit Energy resilience Energy security Energy development Efficient energy useNational efforts Edit Making Sweden an Oil Free Society United States energy independence Energy policy of Turkey India s three stage nuclear power programme Phase out of fossil fuel vehiclesReferences Edit Error ec europa eu Energy security indices in Europe Economic Challenges for Energy Workshop February 7 8th 2011 Madrid PDF eforenergy org 2011 Holsgens Rick 2019 Resource dependence and energy risks in the Netherlands since the mid nineteenth century Energy Policy Elsevier BV 125 45 54 doi 10 1016 j enpol 2018 10 020 ISSN 0301 4215 S2CID 158310322 Bluszcz Anna 5 May 2016 European economies in terms of energy dependence Quality amp Quantity Springer Nature 51 4 1531 1548 doi 10 1007 s11135 016 0350 1 ISSN 0033 5177 PMC 5486912 PMID 28725090 Bryce Robert 2008 Gusher of lies the dangerous delusions of energy independence New York PublicAffairs ISBN 978 1 58648 321 0 OCLC 174112731 Homans Charles 3 January 2012 Energy Independence A Short History Foreign Policy Retrieved 10 July 2019 Lack Simon 28 January 2019 American Energy Independence Is Imminent Forbes Retrieved 10 July 2019 International Analysis U S Energy Information Administration EIA Russia 9 July 2019 Retrieved 10 July 2019 Zhao H 2018 The Economics and Politics of China s Energy Security Transition Elsevier Science p 106 ISBN 978 0 12 815153 2 Retrieved 10 July 2019 Li Xing Clark Woodrow W 2018 Energy Economics in China s Policy Making Plan Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook Elsevier pp 325 349 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 813964 6 00017 3 ISBN 978 0 12 813964 6 El Katiri Laura 1 January 2014 A Roadmap for Renewable Energy in the Middle East and North Africa ORA ISBN 9781907555909 Retrieved 10 July 2019 A Bright Future For Solar Power In The Middle East Global Economic Intersection 23 April 2016 Retrieved 10 July 2019 Nematollahi Omid Hoghooghi Hadi Rasti Mehdi Sedaghat Ahmad 2016 Energy demands and renewable energy resources in the Middle East Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Elsevier BV 54 1172 1181 doi 10 1016 j rser 2015 10 058 ISSN 1364 0321 When will fossil fuels run out Ecotricity Retrieved 10 July 2019 Simon C A 2007 Alternative Energy Political Economic and Social Feasibility Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers p 135 ISBN 978 0 7425 4909 8 Retrieved 10 July 2019 RenewEconomy Giles Parkinson 9 April 2014 Arvizu Why the Current Energy System Is Unsustainable Greentech Media Retrieved 10 July 2019 Unsustainable Energy CELDF 4 August 2015 Retrieved 10 July 2019 Russia has maintained though throughout the whole period 2007 2017 its position as the leading supplier to the EU of the main primary energy commodities hard coal crude oil and natural gas https web archive org web 20191019113648 https ec europa eu eurostat statistics explained index php Energy production and imports Krane Jim Idel Robert 1 December 2021 More transitions less risk How renewable energy reduces risks from mining trade and political dependence Energy Research amp Social Science 82 102311 doi 10 1016 j erss 2021 102311 ISSN 2214 6296 S2CID 244187364 Lin Boqiang Zhu Junpeng 1 October 2019 Determinants of renewable energy technological innovation in China under CO2 emissions constraint Journal of Environmental Management 247 662 671 doi 10 1016 j jenvman 2019 06 121 ISSN 0301 4797 PMID 31279143 S2CID 195820056 Schulthoff Michael Rudnick Ivan Bose Abhishek Gencer Emre 2021 Role of Hydrogen in a Low Carbon Electric Power System A Case Study Frontiers in Energy Research 8 344 doi 10 3389 fenrg 2020 585461 ISSN 2296 598X U S Department of Energy Announces 160 Million in First Awards under Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program Energy gov Retrieved 10 December 2020 a b c Earley Kelly 27 February 2020 6 start ups innovating in the field of nuclear energy Silicon Republic Retrieved 10 December 2020 Proctor Darrell 25 February 2020 Tech Guru s Plan Fight Climate Change with Nuclear Power Power Magazine Retrieved 18 October 2021 External links Edithttps www iea org publications freepublications publication KeyWorld Statistics 2015 pdf Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Energy independence amp oldid 1100154018, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
