Oghul Qaimish (Mongolian: Огул Хаймиш, ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠮᠢᠰᠢ, Chinese: 海迷失; pinyin: Hǎimíshī, died 1251) was the principal wife of Güyük Khan and ruled as regent over the Mongol Empire after the death of her husband in 1248. She was a descendant of the Mergid tribe. However, H. H. Howorth believed that she was an Oirat,[1] mistaking her for Oghul Tutmish, wife of Möngke.
She was given as wife to Güyük after Genghis Khan put down the rebellion of her clan in 1216–1219. Oghul Qaimish bore Güyük two sons, Khoja and Naqu. When her husband died in Qum-Sengir in Turkestan, she brought his ordo in the Ögedeids' appanage in Emil-Qobaq region in 1248. Güyük's chief officials, Chinqai, Qadaq and Bala, helped Oghul to serve as regent. She spent her time with the Mongolshamans and lacked her mother-in-law Töregene's political skills. While her sons, Naqu and Khoja, and Shiremun, the grandson of Ögedei, attempted to secure their claims on the throne, Chagatayid Khan and Yesü Möngke primarily supported Oghul Qaimish.
Before or during the regency of Oghul, her husband's general Eljigidei sent an embassy to Louis IX of France to offer an alliance against the Muslims. Louis sent his men headed by André de Longjumeau in reply, but after she received them at her ordo on Emil, Oghul Qaimish sent them back with presents and letters announcing the Mongol demand for submission.[2]
In 1249, Batu arranged a kurultai where Möngke was chosen as Khagan at Ala Qamaq in the Ulus of Jochi. Oghul declined Batu's invitation and sent Bala to that assembly with a demand that Shiremun or one of the Ögedeids be elected khan.[3] When the Toluids and the Golden Horde organized a second kurultai on the Kherlen River in 1251, which officially proclaimed Möngke Khan, Oghul Qaimish refused, with her son Khoja, to come. Most of the Ögedeid and Chagataid princes supported her.
After her opponent, Möngke, was elected in 1251, Oghul Qaimish's sons and Shiremun attempted to overthrow Möngke. When the plot was discovered, Khoja was exiled to the South China front and Shiremun was executed. Oghul Qaimish and Shiremun's mother Qadaqach were summoned to court and arrested. When Oghul Qaimish was stripped naked, she was angry with Sorghaghtani and other imperial women who questioned her in closed ger.[4] After torture she was executed by being wrapped in felt and flung into a river.[5] She was conferred the posthumous name Empress Qinshu (欽淑皇后) by Kublai in 1266.[6]
^James D. Ryan, "Mongol Khatuns" Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia, ed. John Block Frieman and Kristen Mossler Figg (Garland, 2000), p. 407.
^"Book of Yuan". www.guoxue.com (in Chinese). from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
Sourcesedit
Jack Weatherford. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire's Crown (2010)
oghul, qaimish, mongolian, Огул, Хаймиш, ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ, ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠮᠢᠰᠢ, chinese, 海迷失, pinyin, hǎimíshī, died, 1251, principal, wife, güyük, khan, ruled, regent, over, mongol, empire, after, death, husband, 1248, descendant, mergid, tribe, however, howorth, believed, that, o. Oghul Qaimish Mongolian Ogul Hajmish ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠮᠢᠰᠢ Chinese 海迷失 pinyin Hǎimishi died 1251 was the principal wife of Guyuk Khan and ruled as regent over the Mongol Empire after the death of her husband in 1248 She was a descendant of the Mergid tribe However H H Howorth believed that she was an Oirat 1 mistaking her for Oghul Tutmish wife of Mongke Oghul QaimishRegent of the Mongol EmpireRegency1248 1251PredecessorGuyuk KhanSuccessorMongke KhanKhatun of MongolsTenure1246 1251PredecessorToregeneSuccessorQutuqtai KhatunDied1251SpouseGuyuk KhanIssueKhoja NaquPosthumous nameEmpress Qinshu 欽淑皇后 HouseMerkitLife editShe was given as wife to Guyuk after Genghis Khan put down the rebellion of her clan in 1216 1219 Oghul Qaimish bore Guyuk two sons Khoja and Naqu When her husband died in Qum Sengir in Turkestan she brought his ordo in the Ogedeids appanage in Emil Qobaq region in 1248 Guyuk s chief officials Chinqai Qadaq and Bala helped Oghul to serve as regent She spent her time with the Mongol shamans and lacked her mother in law Toregene s political skills While her sons Naqu and Khoja and Shiremun the grandson of Ogedei attempted to secure their claims on the throne Chagatayid Khan and Yesu Mongke primarily supported Oghul Qaimish Before or during the regency of Oghul her husband s general Eljigidei sent an embassy to Louis IX of France to offer an alliance against the Muslims Louis sent his men headed by Andre de Longjumeau in reply but after she received them at her ordo on Emil Oghul Qaimish sent them back with presents and letters announcing the Mongol demand for submission 2 In 1249 Batu arranged a kurultai where Mongke was chosen as Khagan at Ala Qamaq in the Ulus of Jochi Oghul declined Batu s invitation and sent Bala to that assembly with a demand that Shiremun or one of the Ogedeids be elected khan 3 When the Toluids and the Golden Horde organized a second kurultai on the Kherlen River in 1251 which officially proclaimed Mongke Khan Oghul Qaimish refused with her son Khoja to come Most of the Ogedeid and Chagataid princes supported her After her opponent Mongke was elected in 1251 Oghul Qaimish s sons and Shiremun attempted to overthrow Mongke When the plot was discovered Khoja was exiled to the South China front and Shiremun was executed Oghul Qaimish and Shiremun s mother Qadaqach were summoned to court and arrested When Oghul Qaimish was stripped naked she was angry with Sorghaghtani and other imperial women who questioned her in closed ger 4 After torture she was executed by being wrapped in felt and flung into a river 5 She was conferred the posthumous name Empress Qinshu 欽淑皇后 by Kublai in 1266 6 References edit Rene Grousset The Empire of the Steppes p 272 David Morgan The Mongols p 159 Rashid al Din Ṭabib Wheeler McIntosh Thackston Rashiduddin Fazlullah s Jamiʻuʼt tawarikh p 408 Rashid al Din Ṭabib Wheeler McIntosh Thackston Rashiduddin Fazlullah s Jamiʻuʼt tawarikh p 500 James D Ryan Mongol Khatuns Trade Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages an Encyclopedia ed John Block Frieman and Kristen Mossler Figg Garland 2000 p 407 Book of Yuan www guoxue com in Chinese Archived from the original on 2011 06 09 Retrieved 2021 02 01 Sources editJack Weatherford The Secret History of the Mongol Queens How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire s Crown 2010 Oghul QaimishHouse of Merkit 1248 1251 Regnal titlesPreceded byGuyuk Khan Regent of the Mongol Empire1248 1251 Succeeded byMongke Khan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oghul Qaimish amp oldid 1181122113, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
