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Bureau of Indian Education

September 02, 2023

The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), headquartered in the Main Interior Building in Washington, D.C., and formerly known as the Office of Indian Education Programs (OIEP), is a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior under the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs. It is responsible for the line direction and management of all BIE education functions, including the formation of policies and procedures, the supervision of all program activities, and the approval of the expenditure of funds appropriated for BIE education functions.[1]

Bureau of Indian Education

Main Interior Building, where the BIE is headquartered
Agency overview
HeadquartersMain Interior Building
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Websitewww.bie.edu

The BIE school system has 184 elementary and secondary schools and dormitories located on 63 reservations in 23 states, including seven off-reservation boarding schools, and 122 schools directly controlled by tribes and tribal school boards under contracts or grants with the BIE. The bureau also funds 66 residential programs for students at 52 boarding schools and at 14 dormitories housing those attending nearby tribal or public schools.[1] It is one of two U.S. federal government school systems, along with the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA).[2]

In the area of post-secondary education, the BIE provides support to 24 tribal colleges and universities across the U.S. serving over 25,000 students. It directly operates two institutions of higher learning: Haskell Indian Nations University (HINU) in Lawrence, Kansas, and Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) near Albuquerque, New Mexico.[3] Additionally, the BIE operates higher education scholarship programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives.[1]

Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic wrote in 2020 that the BIE is "an overlooked and often criticized agency".[4]

History Edit

Circa 1990 the Hopi tribe began the process of taking BIA schools in their territory into tribal control. They managed this under authorization provided by legislation in 1975, which allowed tribes to contract with the BIA/BIE to manage and operate their own schools.[5]

Prior to August 29, 2006, it was known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Office of Indian Education Programs (OIEP).[6]

Operations Edit

The headquarters is in the Main Interior Building in Washington, DC.[7]

The federal government funds schools for Native Americans under the treaties it established for reservations and trust lands. In the early years, the government authorized religious missions to establish schools and churches on reservations. At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, Congress authorized the government to establish numerous Indian boarding schools for a more concerted program of assimilation of Native American children. These were established at both the elementary and high school levels.[8]

As Indian reservations cannot levy taxes,[9] local school taxes cannot be used to fund Native American schools.[8]

Alden Woods of the Arizona Republic described the BIE as having the characteristics of both a state education agency and a school district, with its supervision and funding of tribally controlled/grant schools making it the former and its direct operation of BIE schools making it the latter.[10] By the beginning of the 21st century, education expenses of the BIE represented 35% of the BIA budget.[11] But studies since the 1969 Kennedy Report have shown that the schools have been underfunded. Despite the education responsibility, much of the BIA staff are specialists in land management rather than education.[citation needed]

Since the 1970s, school boards have been elected on reservations to oversee BIE schools, as in the Southwest United States.[11]

In 2015 the BIE spent about $15,000 per student in the schools it operated, 56% above the per-student average cost for a public school student in the United States. The BIE schools were ranked as among the most costly to operate in the United States.[11]

The predecessor agency OEIP had say only in operations related to instruction, while other BIA agencies had controlled other aspects, such as hiring and other employee issues, and construction and renovation of schools, and related infrastructure such as roads. Severns wrote that the various sources of authority made school accountability difficult.[11]

A 2015 editorial of the Minneapolis Star-Tribune noted that schools in the BIE network were underfunded while schools in the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), the federal military dependent school network, were well funded.[12]

Student body Edit

As of 2020 the BIE-funded/grant/direct schools in total had 46,000 students,[10] meaning they educated about 8% of the Native American students in the United States.[13] Members of some tribes have moved to cities, and many states have increased coverage of reservation and tribal lands through their public school districts. As of 2020 about 90% of Native American students attended public schools operated by local school districts, rather than federally funded or operated schools.[10]

As of 2021 the BIE schools are located in many isolated areas with some of the lowest incomes in the United States.[9] Maggie Severns of Politico wrote in 2015 that "Students often come from difficult backgrounds".[11]

In 1978, 47,000 Native American K-12 students (17 of the total%) attended schools directly operated by the BIA and 2,500 (1%) attended tribal schools and/or other schools that contracted with the BIA.[14]

Employees Edit

Circa 2015 the BIE had 4,500 employees. In November 2015 the BIE had 140 empty teaching slots. The agency had difficulty with teacher retention, especially as many schools are located in isolated areas.[11]

Academic performance and reputation Edit

BIA/BIE schools have been criticized for decades for poor academic performance, and for the failure to establish metrics that allow performance to be measured.[11] In 1969 the graduation rate was about 59%. Circa 1970 the overall dropout rate of BIA schools was 100% higher than the U.S. dropout average. Citing this statistic, that year President of the United States Richard Nixon criticized BIA schools. The 1969 report by the Select Subcommittee of the U.S. Senate in 1969 (known as the Kennedy Report, as it was headed by Robert F. Kennedy prior to his assassination) also criticized BIA schools.[10]

In 1988 a Department of Interior report blamed all levels of leadership for substandard test scores.[11] In 2001 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) wrote "The academic achievement of many BIA students as measured by their performance on standardized tests and other measures is far below the performance of students in public schools. BIA students also score considerably below national averages on college admissions tests."[15] Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama made attempts to improve BIE schools. In 2015 Maggie Severns of Politico wrote that BIE students "have some of the lowest test scores and graduation rates in the country".[11]

In the 2018-2019 school year, the percentage of BIE students passing their schools' standardized examinations was about 10% for mathematics and 15% for the English language.[10] In 2011 BIE students scored better on examinations than students at Detroit Public Schools, but every other large urban school district outperformed students of BIE schools.[11]

In 2015 the graduation rate was 53%.[11] In the 2017-2018 school year, the graduation rate was 64%, but in 2018-2019 the graduation rate had declined to 59%.[10] In 2015 the average United States graduation rate was 81%. The graduation rate for Native American and Alaska Native students enrolled at school district-operated public schools was 67%.[11]

From circa 2017 to 2020, the BIE did not follow the terms of the Every Student Succeeds Act. As of 2020 the BIE does not have a consistent testing system for all schools, nor does it provide the public academic outcomes information that traditional public schools are required to publish under state laws.[10]

Schools Edit

 
Map of zip codes within the contiguous United States which contain a BIE school

BIE network schools are often located in rural, isolated areas where alternative options for schooling are not feasible.[10] As of 2020 there were 180 schools in the BIE network.[13]

In 1987 the BIA supported 58 tribal schools and directly operated 17 boarding schools, 17 day schools, and 14 dormitories housing students enrolled in public schools operated by local school districts.[14]

In 2003, the state with the largest amount of BIA-OIEP network schools was Arizona, and the state with the next highest amount was New Mexico.[16]

Directly operated Edit

 
Havasupai Elementary School in Supai, Arizona
 
Kayenta Community School in Kayenta, Arizona

As of 2020 the BIE operates about 33% of the schools in its system.[10] A listing of schools directly operated by the Bureau of Indian Education:[17]

Cottonwood Day School Edit

It is a K-8 school in Cottonwood, Apache County, Arizona, with a Chinle address.[24] It was dedicated in 1968.[25]

Cove Day School Edit

It is an elementary school in Cove, Arizona.[26] In addition to Cove, the school has students from Mitten Rock, Oak Springs, and Red Valley.[27]

The school is in proximity to multiple uranium mines. The current building opened in 1959. In 2022 the school had 50 students.[28]

Crystal Boarding School Edit

Crystal Boarding School is a K-6 boarding school in Crystal, New Mexico.[29] It opened in 1935 as part of an effort to replace off-reservation Indian boarding schools with on-reservation boarding schools, as a part of the New Deal project.[11] In 2014 about 30 students boarded but most did not. Only one dormitory was open, as another was deemed unsafe.[30] In 2013 5% of the students were classified as having mathematics skills on par with their grade levels even though the school had already shifted most of its instruction to mathematics and reading at the expense of science and social studies. In 2015 Politico stated that the school's campus was in a poor condition. It had no school counselor.[11]

Dennehotso Boarding School Edit

Dennehotso Boarding School in Dennehotso, Arizona serves grades K–8.[17]

It opened as a one room school in 1935. Circa 1947 the school was expanded. In 1951, the school had five teachers.[31]

Eddie Thompson served as principal until 1973. Kenneth L. Owens, who previously taught at Dennehotso Boarding, became principal in 1974.[32]

The two current buildings are OFMC projects: a 46,545-square-foot (4,324.2 m2) school facility for 186 students and a 10,072-square-foot (935.7 m2) dormitory for 33 students. The scheduled groundbreaking was February 11, 2013. The previous buildings scheduled for demolition had a total of 78,626 square feet (7,304.6 m2) of space.[33] The school provides transportation for students between Baby Rocks and Mexican Water, and asks families living outside of that area and/or distant from the highway to have their children stay at the dormitory.[34]

Kayenta Community School Edit

Kayenta Community School is a K-8 school.[35] The facility, also known as Kayenta Boarding School, is a boarding school serving both day and dormitory students.[36]

It opened in 1935 as the Kayenta Indian School.[37]

In 1985 the school had 520 students and 19 employees. The school at the time had 11 staff positions in which the school could not hire anyone, a position that Robert LaFlore, the principal, called "not quite normal".[38] Some of the teachers left to work at the Kayenta Unified School District.[38]

Red Rock Day School Edit

The school is a K-8 school in Red Valley, Arizona.[39] In addition to Red Valley, it has students from Cove, Mitten Rock, and Oak Springs.[27]

It was created in or after 1932, with the building completed in 1935. Circa 1950 it gained boarding facilities and was known as Red Rock Boarding School, but it later reverted into being a day school.[40]

In 1974 its enrollment was 83. At the time it was the only BIA school in which all of its employees were Navajo people. In that year the school was hiring ethnic Navajo, bilingual in English and Navajo, who were finishing their university educations.[41] Additionally, by that year it had a forked stick hogan in which it held some classes taught by Navajo senior citizens. The hogan was the impetus of Navajo senior citizens who paid the money to have it built and who built it.[42]

In 2022 the school had 114 students.[28]

Rocky Ridge Boarding School Edit

It is a K-8 boarding school in Kykotsmovi, Arizona.[43]

In 2020 its enrollment was over 100. Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic stated "One former student described it as a refuge from a rural community struggling through generations of trauma", stating that the school provides room and board to children with no other reliable source of food and lodging.[4]

On March 16, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona, the State of Arizona closed district-operated public schools. BIE schools were not required to close at that time, though several did. After employees met that day, COVID spread through the school's community.[4] Once COVID infections were diagnosed, the school temporarily closed.[44]

It holds an equine (horse) festival every year.[45]

T'iis Nazbas Community School Edit

It is a K-8 school in Teec Nos Pos.[46] It has a dormitory facility.[47]

It opened in 1933 as the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School.[48]

A building for the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School was dedicated in 1962.[49] In 1962 the school had 353 students. In 1963 there were plans to build 17 additional classrooms as well as a cafeteria, two dormitories, and a multipurpose room, and housing for employees. The capacity, after the additions, would be over 1,000.[50] In 1991 the Teec Nos Pos school facility lacked fire alarms and other fire protection systems.[51]

Wingate Elementary School Edit

As of 1956 the Wingate Elementary dormitory is a former military barracks that also houses students at Wingate High.[52] In 1968 the girls' dormitory had 125 girls; the Associated Press stated that the dormitory lacked decoration and personal effects and was reflective of a campaign to de-personalize Native American students. At the time the school strongly discouraged students from speaking Navajo and wanted them to only speak English.[53] Circa 1977 it opened a 125-student $90,000 building which used a solar heating system.[54]

Tribally operated Edit

There are also tribally operated schools affiliated with the BIE.[17]

American Horse School Edit

It was established in 1931 as the consolidation of Day School #20 and Day School #21, with the former buildings of those two schools becoming teacher housing. As of 2021 its enrollment is 330.[63] Its service area, in addition to Allen, includes Kyle and Martin, and includes the Lacreek, Pass Creek and Medicine Root Creek districts of the reservation.[64]

In 2015 the Minneapolis Star-Tribune editorial board wrote that American Horse had poor insulation, had too many students relative to building capacity, has tile flooring in poor repair and using asbestos, and "lacks the electrical and communications infrastructure needed to support the technology used in modern education."[65]

Chitimacha Tribal School Edit

In 1937 a two classroom public school building condemned by the St. Mary Parish School Board was moved to Charenton, and began serving the community as a 1-8 school; the student population went over 60. In 1968 the kindergarten was established. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) built a new school, which began operations in 1978, to replace the former facility. It had 38 in the 1978-1979 school year, but this went down to 29 in 1980-1981 and 22 in 1981-1982. In 1982 it got a funding cut due to Reaganomics, which led to fears that the school could close.[66]

Ch'ooshgai Community School Edit

It is in Tohatchi, New Mexico and has boarding facilities. Originally it was known as the Chuska Boarding School.[67]

In the 1960s a new school building, a cafeteria, dormitories, and residences for employees were proposed as a way of relieving the Tohatchi Boarding School.[68] It was established circa 1965.[67]

In 1973 three students ran away from the school and encountered frostbite, leading to a lawsuit.[69]

It had 597 students in 1967. It became the Chuska/Tohatchi Consolidated School in 1985 after the Tohatchi Boarding School was merged into it. The Navajo Nation took control of the school circa 1999. Around that time the school received its current name.[67]

Duckwater Shoshone Elementary School Edit

A K-8 school, it is in a building on the Duckwater Reservation in Duckwater that previously functioned as a church. The school was established circa 1973 by tribal members who were not satisfied with their children's course in the Nye County School District. The school board was established on July 26 of that year, and it opened on November 26 of that year after the United States Office of Education granted $35,000.[70] In 1975 its student count was 21.[71] In 1982 the school got a renovation.[70] By 1986 the relationship between the county's Duckwater School and Duckwater Shoshone School community had mended.[72] Duckwater Shoshone maintains its own zoological garden.[70]

Lukachukai Community School Edit

The campus has 44 acres (18 ha) of property and includes a dormitory.[73] In 1976, the seventh grade at Lukachukai ended so that grade was sent to Chinle Boarding School (now Many Farms Community School).[74] In 2015 the school was under-resourced, and the school community made an effort to get a replacement facility. Principal Arthur Ben personally recruited teachers, including some who were previously retired.[11]

Na'Neelzhin Ji'Olta School Edit

The tribal K-8 school has a Cuba address,[75] but is actually in Torreon.[76] It first opened in 1935. It is also known as the Torreon Day School and Torreon Community School.[77]

Theodore Roosevelt School Edit

Theodore Roosevelt School (TRS) is a tribally controlled middle school in Fort Apache, Arizona. It includes grades 6-8.[78] It is in the White Mountains and serves the White Mountain Apache Tribe.[79]

The dormitories opened sometime after 1935. A cafeteria opened in 1948. In 1995 it had 100 students. By 1995 conditions at the school had deteriorated to the point where students had to be boarded at ad hoc dormitories as the standard dormitory buildings needed heating repairs and asbestos removal. Additionally the cafeteria was at times unusable; the school took students to a restaurant so they could eat there.[79]

The school has a boarding program for weekdays for students living in the Apache Reservation and in Cibecue, Arizona, while students from other places board for the entire week.[80]

To'hajiilee Day School Edit

It has grades Kindergarten through 12. In March 2022 the high school building was no longer in use due to foundation problems that resulted from frequent flooding in the area. Melanie Stansbury, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, criticized the conditions of the school.[81]

Wounded Knee District School Edit

It is a K-8 school. The school is in proximity to the site of the Wounded Knee massacre. In 2015 the state of its campus was categorized by the BIE as being in a suboptimal state.[82]

Former facilities Edit

Includes the BIE, OIEP, and predecessor agencies:

  • Albuquerque Indian School
  • Manuelito Hall in Gallup, New Mexico, a dormitory which housed Native American students attending Gallup-McKinley County Schools. In 1973 it had about 300 students, including 12 from Arizona. That year the BIA closed Manuelito Hall, planning to move students to various boarding schools. The public school system's funding was not anticipated to be harmed by this closure. There were some families that wanted their children to remain at Gallup-McKinley schools as they perceived them to be better than BIA schools. The BIA planned to send the Arizonans to Arizona, and of the remaining students: 110 high school students to Wingate High School, 80 elementary students to Crownpoint Boarding School, 45 elementary school students to Wingate Elementary School, and others to Chuska Boarding School and Tohatchi Boarding School.[83]
  • Mount Edgecumbe High School in Sitka, Alaska, now operated by the State of Alaska
  • Nava Boarding and Day School in Newcomb, New Mexico was established around 1929 and closed in or before 1955.[84]
  • Phoenix Indian School
  • Eight Mile School District - Public school district that was BIE/OIE-funded from 1987 to 2008; in 2008 the BIE declared that it was not tribally controlled and therefore should never have received BIE funds.[85]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c "Indian Affairs FAQs". Bureau of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  2. ^ "Education, Public Safety, And Restoration Of The Environment". Bureau of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  3. ^ . Bureau of Indian Education. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Woods, Alden (2020-04-06). "Did failure to close a school expose more people to the coronavirus in Navajo communities?". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2021-07-29. - Alternate link at ProPublica
  5. ^ Woods, Alden (2020-12-28). "What happened when the Hopi took their schools back from the Bureau of Indian Education". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
  6. ^ "Bureau of Indian Education". Bureau of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  7. ^ "Home". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2022-06-23. 1849 C Street NW Washington, DC 20240 - Identified as the Main Interior Building here: "The meeting will be held at 1849 C Street, NW, Main Interior Building,[...]"
  8. ^ a b "Why are Native Students Being Left Behind?". One Day. Teach for America. 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  9. ^ a b Woods, Alden; Philip, Agnel (2021-06-09). "The Bureau of Indian Education Hasn't Told the Public How Its Schools Are Performing. So We Did It Instead". ProPublica. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Woods, Alden (2020-08-06). "The Federal Government Gives Native Students an Inadequate Education, and Gets Away With It". ProPublica. The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2021-07-29. As a result, the BIE is the only [...] severity of student discipline.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Severns, Maggie (2015-11-25). "How Washington created some of the worst schools in America". Politico. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  12. ^ "While tribal schools suffer, military schools prosper". Minneapolis Star-Tribune. 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
  13. ^ a b Woods, Alden (2020-09-28). "Feds promised Native American students computers and internet. Many are still waiting". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2021-07-29. - Alternate link: Woods, Alden (2020-09-29). "The Federal Government Promised Native American Students Computers and Internet. Many Are Still Waiting". Tucson Weekly. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
  14. ^ a b Green, Donald E.; Tonneson, Thomas V., eds. (1991). "American Indians: Social Justice and Public Policy" (PDF). University of Wisconsin System Institute on Race and Ethnicity. p. 186 (PDF p. 198/282).
  15. ^ "BIA and DOD Schools: Student Achievement and Other Characteristics Often Differ from Public Schools'". Government Accountability Office. 2001-09-28. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  16. ^ Naranjo, Jenna (2003-02-16). "Culture in the classroom". Santa Fe New Mexican. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. 12. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b c "National Directory June 2015" (). Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  18. ^ "Cottonwood Day School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-27. 23 Miles W Chinle Navjo Rt 4, Chinle, AZ, 86503 - Also stated as: "Navajo Route #4, 11miles west of Hwy 191, 26 miles, Cottonwood, AZ 86503 " - Compare to the Map of the Cottonwood CDP
  19. ^ "Home". Lake Valley Navajo School. Retrieved 2023-03-27. N Hwy 371 CR 7750 Crownpoint, NM 87313 - BIE profile - NCES profile
  20. ^ "About". Mariano Lake Community School. Retrieved 2023-03-27. Navajo Route 49 Crownpoint, NM 87313 - BIE profile and NCES profile
  21. ^ "Home". T'iis Ts'ozi Bi'Olta' (Crownpoint Community School). Retrieved 2023-03-27. State Hwy 371 Navajo Rt 9 Building 1771 Crownpoint, NM 87313
  22. ^ "Tse'ii'ahi' Community School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2023-03-27. Navajo Route 9 (18 miles W of Crownpoin [sic] Crownpoint, NM 87313 - BIE profile
  23. ^ "Nenahnezad Community School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-27. 6675 County Road South, Fruitland, NM, 87416 - Compare the address to the Nenahnezad CDP map
  24. ^ "Cottonwood Day School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  25. ^ "Cottonwood School Dedication". Navajo Times. 1968-02-29. p. 5.
  26. ^ "Cove Day School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  27. ^ a b "Cove Day School". Bureau of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  28. ^ a b Becenti, Arlyssa D. (2022-11-26). "Parents want a decision about plans to replace a Navajo school near old uranium mines". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  29. ^ "Crystal Boarding School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2021-07-12. - The maps and surveys here match a site in Crystal CDP. It is not in Navajo CDP.
  30. ^ "Native American schools face decay, poverty". Associated Press. 2014-10-19. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
  31. ^ Delaney, Walter (1951-06-17). "No Laughter For Indian Kids". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. Section 3, p. 1. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ "Educator Returns". Arizona Daily Sun. Flagstaff, Arizona. 1974-03-08. p. 10. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "Dennehotso Boarding School Replacement Gets Going Following Ground-breaking" (). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 16/44. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  34. ^ "2019/2020 BIE NAVAJO DISTRICT STUDENT-PARENT HANDBOOK" (PDF). Dennehotso Boarding School. p. 39/48. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
  35. ^ "Kayenta Community School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  36. ^ "Home". Kayenta Boarding School. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  37. ^ "List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 188/435. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  38. ^ a b Hardeen, George (1985-06-14). "Navajo reservation's BIA schools are facing acute teacher shortage". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. B5. - Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "Red Rock Day School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  40. ^ "List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 288/435. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  41. ^ "Navajo Nation Likes On-Site Education". The Gallup Independent. Gallup, New Mexico. 1974-12-28. pp. 1, 6. - Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers.com. The article says the school is in northwestern New Mexico, but 2023 BIE pages and the BIA past school listing point the school to being in Arizona.
  42. ^ "Navajo tribe honors elders in program". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. 1974-12-17. p. B-14. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ "Rocky Ridge Boarding School". Bureau of Indian Education. Physical Address 10 Miles on Dinnebito Road, Kykotsmovi, AZ, 86039
  44. ^ Allen, Krista (2020-03-28). "Rocky Ridge school closed after infections reported". Navajo Times. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  45. ^ "Rocky Ridge Boarding School holds annual equine fest". Navajo-Hopi Observer. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  46. ^ "T'iis Nazbas Community School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-17. Highway 160 BIA Road N5114, Teec Nos Pos, AZ, 86514
  47. ^ "TNCS". T'iis Nazbas Community School. Retrieved 2023-03-17. - site linked from the BIE
  48. ^ "List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 380/435. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  49. ^ "Dignitaries Stress Education Importance At Teec Nos Pos School And Chapter Dedication". Navajo Times. 1962-05-23. p. 13. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ "Two Navajo School Contracts Awarded". Navajo Times. 1963-07-11. p. 10. - Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ Anderson, Jack; Van Atta, Dale (1991-11-13). "BIA lets Indian schools crumble". The Daily Times. Salisbury, Maryland. p. 13. - Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ "Fort Wingate Is A Landmark In New Mexico's History". The Gallup Independent. Gallup, New Mexico. 1956-08-07. p. Section F page 13. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
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  54. ^ "NM school installs solar heater". Las Vegas Optic. Las Vegas, New Mexico. Associated Press. 1977-11-07. p. 10. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "Directions". Moencopi Day School. Retrieved 2021-07-30. Moencopi Day School Inc 322 AZ-264, Tuba City, AZ 86045 - Compare with the US Census Bureau Map of Moenkopi
  56. ^ "Schools In Poor Condition as Measured by Facility Condition Index" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  57. ^ "Te Tsu Geh Oweenge Day School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  58. ^ . Little Singer Community Grant & Charter Jr. High School. 2011-08-28. Archived from the original on 2011-08-28. Retrieved 2021-07-12. Little Singer Community School, 6 miles SE of Birdsprings Rte 71, Winslow, AZ 86047 - "Little Singer Community School". National Center for Educational Statistics. Retrieved 2021-07-12. Physical Address: 6 miles south of Birdspring [sic] Chapter Winslow, AZ 86047
  59. ^ "About". Borrego Pass School. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
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  61. ^ "Na'Neelzhiin Ji'Olta (Torreon)". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  62. ^ "About". Little Eagle Grant School. Retrieved 2021-08-06. Sitting Bull School will be having[...]
  63. ^ "About American Horse School". American Horse School. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  64. ^ Mercer, Bob (2018-06-20). "Three schools and tribe get juvenile sub-grants". Capital Journal. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  65. ^ "Pine Ridge schools: Amid beauty, deterioration". Minneapolis Star Tribune. 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  66. ^ Stouff, Roger E. (1982-04-01). "Chitimacha Day School headed for extinction?". St. Mary and Franklin Banner-Tribune. Vol. 98, no. 92. p. 1. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ a b c "List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 83/435. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  68. ^ "Two Navajo School Contracts Awarded". Navajo Times. 1963-07-11. p. 10. - Clipping at Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ Cohea, Carol (1976-01-27). "$900,000 Total Given In Chuska School Suit". Albuquerque Journal. p. A-2. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
  70. ^ a b c "School provides a focal point for community". Reno Gazette-Journal. 1999-06-13. p. 1C. - Clipping from Newspapers.com. Text detail A and Text detail B
  71. ^ Powers, Lenita (1975-07-13). "Duckwater Indians Make Children's Education a Home Affair". Nevada State Journal. p. 21. - Clipping from Newspapers.com. Text detail A, Text detail B
  72. ^ Papinchak, Steve (1986-09-28). "It's back to basics at Duckwater's 1-room school". Reno Gazette-Journal. pp. 1D–2D. - Clipping of first (Text detail) and of second page (Text detail A, text detail B) at Newspapers.com.
  73. ^ "Lukachukai Community School". Dekker Perich Sabatini. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  74. ^ "Chinle Boarding School Relocates to Many Farms". Navajo Education Newsletter Volumes 1-6. Education Division, Navajo Area, Bureau of Indian Affairs. September 1976. p. PT241.
  75. ^ "Na'Neelzhiin Ji'Olta (Torreon)". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  76. ^ "About". Na'Neelzhin Ji'Olta School. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  77. ^ "List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 392/435. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  78. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  79. ^ a b Sowers, Carol (1995-09-10). "Many of BIA's schools 'in disgraceful condition'". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. pp. B1, B5. - Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers.com.
  80. ^ "About TRS Residential Program". Theodore Roosevelt School. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  81. ^ Bendery, Jennifer (2022-06-30). "Native American Kids' Schools Are Crumbling And Unsafe. Congress Won't Fix Them". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  82. ^ "Pine Ridge schools: Amid beauty, deterioration". Minneapolis Star Tribune. 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  83. ^ "BIA Closes Manuelito Hall". Gallup, New Mexico: The Gallup Independent. 1973-04-14. pp. 1, 6. - Clipping of first (text detail) and of second page at Newspapers.com.
  84. ^ "List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools" (PDF). Bureau of Indian Affairs. p. 232/435. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  85. ^ Eckroth, LeAnn (2008-04-20). "Trenton officials trying to overcome money woes". Williston Herald. Retrieved 2021-08-12.

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September 02, 2023
bureau, indian, education, headquartered, main, interior, building, washington, formerly, known, office, indian, education, programs, oiep, division, department, interior, under, assistant, secretary, indian, affairs, responsible, line, direction, management, . The Bureau of Indian Education BIE headquartered in the Main Interior Building in Washington D C and formerly known as the Office of Indian Education Programs OIEP is a division of the U S Department of the Interior under the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs It is responsible for the line direction and management of all BIE education functions including the formation of policies and procedures the supervision of all program activities and the approval of the expenditure of funds appropriated for BIE education functions 1 Bureau of Indian EducationMain Interior Building where the BIE is headquarteredAgency overviewHeadquartersMain Interior BuildingWashington D C U S Websitewww wbr bie wbr eduThe BIE school system has 184 elementary and secondary schools and dormitories located on 63 reservations in 23 states including seven off reservation boarding schools and 122 schools directly controlled by tribes and tribal school boards under contracts or grants with the BIE The bureau also funds 66 residential programs for students at 52 boarding schools and at 14 dormitories housing those attending nearby tribal or public schools 1 It is one of two U S federal government school systems along with the Department of Defense Education Activity DoDEA 2 In the area of post secondary education the BIE provides support to 24 tribal colleges and universities across the U S serving over 25 000 students It directly operates two institutions of higher learning Haskell Indian Nations University HINU in Lawrence Kansas and Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute SIPI near Albuquerque New Mexico 3 Additionally the BIE operates higher education scholarship programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives 1 Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic wrote in 2020 that the BIE is an overlooked and often criticized agency 4 Contents 1 History 2 Operations 3 Student body 4 Employees 5 Academic performance and reputation 6 Schools 6 1 Directly operated 6 1 1 Cottonwood Day School 6 1 2 Cove Day School 6 1 3 Crystal Boarding School 6 1 4 Dennehotso Boarding School 6 1 5 Kayenta Community School 6 1 6 Red Rock Day School 6 1 7 Rocky Ridge Boarding School 6 1 8 T iis Nazbas Community School 6 1 9 Wingate Elementary School 6 2 Tribally operated 6 2 1 American Horse School 6 2 2 Chitimacha Tribal School 6 2 3 Ch ooshgai Community School 6 2 4 Duckwater Shoshone Elementary School 6 2 5 Lukachukai Community School 6 2 6 Na Neelzhin Ji Olta School 6 2 7 Theodore Roosevelt School 6 2 8 To hajiilee Day School 6 2 9 Wounded Knee District School 7 Former facilities 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksHistory EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it April 2021 Circa 1990 the Hopi tribe began the process of taking BIA schools in their territory into tribal control They managed this under authorization provided by legislation in 1975 which allowed tribes to contract with the BIA BIE to manage and operate their own schools 5 Prior to August 29 2006 it was known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs BIA Office of Indian Education Programs OIEP 6 Operations EditThe headquarters is in the Main Interior Building in Washington DC 7 The federal government funds schools for Native Americans under the treaties it established for reservations and trust lands In the early years the government authorized religious missions to establish schools and churches on reservations At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries Congress authorized the government to establish numerous Indian boarding schools for a more concerted program of assimilation of Native American children These were established at both the elementary and high school levels 8 As Indian reservations cannot levy taxes 9 local school taxes cannot be used to fund Native American schools 8 Alden Woods of the Arizona Republic described the BIE as having the characteristics of both a state education agency and a school district with its supervision and funding of tribally controlled grant schools making it the former and its direct operation of BIE schools making it the latter 10 By the beginning of the 21st century education expenses of the BIE represented 35 of the BIA budget 11 But studies since the 1969 Kennedy Report have shown that the schools have been underfunded Despite the education responsibility much of the BIA staff are specialists in land management rather than education citation needed Since the 1970s school boards have been elected on reservations to oversee BIE schools as in the Southwest United States 11 In 2015 the BIE spent about 15 000 per student in the schools it operated 56 above the per student average cost for a public school student in the United States The BIE schools were ranked as among the most costly to operate in the United States 11 The predecessor agency OEIP had say only in operations related to instruction while other BIA agencies had controlled other aspects such as hiring and other employee issues and construction and renovation of schools and related infrastructure such as roads Severns wrote that the various sources of authority made school accountability difficult 11 A 2015 editorial of the Minneapolis Star Tribune noted that schools in the BIE network were underfunded while schools in the Department of Defense Education Activity DoDEA the federal military dependent school network were well funded 12 Student body EditAs of 2020 update the BIE funded grant direct schools in total had 46 000 students 10 meaning they educated about 8 of the Native American students in the United States 13 Members of some tribes have moved to cities and many states have increased coverage of reservation and tribal lands through their public school districts As of 2020 update about 90 of Native American students attended public schools operated by local school districts rather than federally funded or operated schools 10 As of 2021 update the BIE schools are located in many isolated areas with some of the lowest incomes in the United States 9 Maggie Severns of Politico wrote in 2015 that Students often come from difficult backgrounds 11 In 1978 47 000 Native American K 12 students 17 of the total attended schools directly operated by the BIA and 2 500 1 attended tribal schools and or other schools that contracted with the BIA 14 Employees EditCirca 2015 the BIE had 4 500 employees In November 2015 the BIE had 140 empty teaching slots The agency had difficulty with teacher retention especially as many schools are located in isolated areas 11 Academic performance and reputation EditBIA BIE schools have been criticized for decades for poor academic performance and for the failure to establish metrics that allow performance to be measured 11 In 1969 the graduation rate was about 59 Circa 1970 the overall dropout rate of BIA schools was 100 higher than the U S dropout average Citing this statistic that year President of the United States Richard Nixon criticized BIA schools The 1969 report by the Select Subcommittee of the U S Senate in 1969 known as the Kennedy Report as it was headed by Robert F Kennedy prior to his assassination also criticized BIA schools 10 In 1988 a Department of Interior report blamed all levels of leadership for substandard test scores 11 In 2001 the Government Accountability Office GAO wrote The academic achievement of many BIA students as measured by their performance on standardized tests and other measures is far below the performance of students in public schools BIA students also score considerably below national averages on college admissions tests 15 Bill Clinton George W Bush and Barack Obama made attempts to improve BIE schools In 2015 Maggie Severns of Politico wrote that BIE students have some of the lowest test scores and graduation rates in the country 11 In the 2018 2019 school year the percentage of BIE students passing their schools standardized examinations was about 10 for mathematics and 15 for the English language 10 In 2011 BIE students scored better on examinations than students at Detroit Public Schools but every other large urban school district outperformed students of BIE schools 11 In 2015 the graduation rate was 53 11 In the 2017 2018 school year the graduation rate was 64 but in 2018 2019 the graduation rate had declined to 59 10 In 2015 the average United States graduation rate was 81 The graduation rate for Native American and Alaska Native students enrolled at school district operated public schools was 67 11 From circa 2017 to 2020 the BIE did not follow the terms of the Every Student Succeeds Act As of 2020 the BIE does not have a consistent testing system for all schools nor does it provide the public academic outcomes information that traditional public schools are required to publish under state laws 10 Schools Edit nbsp Map of zip codes within the contiguous United States which contain a BIE schoolBIE network schools are often located in rural isolated areas where alternative options for schooling are not feasible 10 As of 2020 update there were 180 schools in the BIE network 13 In 1987 the BIA supported 58 tribal schools and directly operated 17 boarding schools 17 day schools and 14 dormitories housing students enrolled in public schools operated by local school districts 14 In 2003 the state with the largest amount of BIA OIEP network schools was Arizona and the state with the next highest amount was New Mexico 16 Directly operated Edit nbsp Havasupai Elementary School in Supai Arizona nbsp Kayenta Community School in Kayenta ArizonaAs of 2020 update the BIE operates about 33 of the schools in its system 10 A listing of schools directly operated by the Bureau of Indian Education 17 Albuquerque Center Flandreau Indian Boarding School Flandreau South Dakota Isleta Elementary School Isleta Pueblo New Mexico Jemez Day School Jemez Pueblo New Mexico Riverside Indian School Anadarko Oklahoma San Felipe Pueblo Elementary School San Felipe Pueblo New Mexico San Ildefonso Day School San Ildefonso Pueblo New Mexico Sky City Community School Acoma Pueblo New Mexico Taos Day School Taos Pueblo New Mexico T siya Day School Zia Pueblo New Mexico Belcourt North Dakota Center Blackfeet Dormitory Browning Montana Cheyenne Eagle Butte School Eagle Butte South Dakota Dunseith Day School Dunseith North Dakota Ojibwa Indian School Belcourt North Dakota Pine Ridge School Pine Ridge South Dakota Turtle Mountain Elementary School Belcourt North Dakota Turtle Mountain Middle School Belcourt North Dakota Phoenix Arizona Resource Center Chemawa Indian School Salem Oregon First Mesa Elementary School Polacca Arizona Havasupai Elementary School Supai Arizona John F Kennedy Day School Whiteriver Arizona Keams Canyon Elementary School Keams Canyon Arizona San Simon School Tohono O odham Sells Arizona Santa Rosa Day School Tohono O odham Sells Arizona Santa Rosa Ranch School Sells Arizona Sherman Indian High School Riverside California Tohono O odham High School Sells Arizona Window Rock Arizona Resource Center Bread Springs Day School Gallup New Mexico Chi Chil tah Community School Chi Chil tah New Mexico with a Vanderwagen postal address Crystal Boarding School Crystal New Mexico with a Navajo postal address Pine Springs Day School Houck Arizona Wingate Elementary School Wingate New Mexico Wingate High School Wingate New Mexico Chinle Arizona Resource Center Cottonwood Day School Cottonwood Apache County Arizona west of Chinle 18 Dennehotso Boarding School Dennehotso Arizona Jeehdeez a Academy Inc Pinon Arizona Many Farms High School Many Farms Arizona Tuba City Arizona Resource Center Kaibeto Boarding School Kaibeto Arizona Rocky Ridge Boarding School Kykotsmovi Arizona Seba Dalkai Boarding School Winslow Arizona Tonalea Red Lake Day School Tonalea Arizona Tuba City Boarding School Tuba City Arizona Crownpoint New Mexico Resource Center Baca Dlo ay Azhi Community School Prewitt New Mexico Ojo Encino Day School Ojo Encino New Mexico Cuba address Pueblo Pintado Community School Pueblo Pintado New Mexico Cuba address Lake Valley Navajo School near Crownpoint New Mexico 19 Mariano Lake Community School near Crownpoint New Mexico 20 T iis Ts ozi Bi Olta Crownpoint Community School Crownpoint New Mexico 21 Tohaali Community School Newcomb New Mexico Tse ii ahi Community School near Crownpoint New Mexico 22 Shiprock New Mexico Resource Center Aneth Community School Montezuma Creek Utah Beclabito Day School Shiprock New Mexico Cove Day School Red Valley Arizona Kayenta Community School Kayenta Arizona Nenahnezad Community School Nenahnezad New Mexico near Fruitland 23 Red Rock Day School Red Valley Arizona Sanostee Day School Sanostee New Mexico T iis Nazbas Community School Teec Nos Pos Arizona Cottonwood Day School Edit It is a K 8 school in Cottonwood Apache County Arizona with a Chinle address 24 It was dedicated in 1968 25 Cove Day School Edit It is an elementary school in Cove Arizona 26 In addition to Cove the school has students from Mitten Rock Oak Springs and Red Valley 27 The school is in proximity to multiple uranium mines The current building opened in 1959 In 2022 the school had 50 students 28 Crystal Boarding School Edit Crystal Boarding School is a K 6 boarding school in Crystal New Mexico 29 It opened in 1935 as part of an effort to replace off reservation Indian boarding schools with on reservation boarding schools as a part of the New Deal project 11 In 2014 about 30 students boarded but most did not Only one dormitory was open as another was deemed unsafe 30 In 2013 5 of the students were classified as having mathematics skills on par with their grade levels even though the school had already shifted most of its instruction to mathematics and reading at the expense of science and social studies In 2015 Politico stated that the school s campus was in a poor condition It had no school counselor 11 Dennehotso Boarding School Edit Dennehotso Boarding School in Dennehotso Arizona serves grades K 8 17 It opened as a one room school in 1935 Circa 1947 the school was expanded In 1951 the school had five teachers 31 Eddie Thompson served as principal until 1973 Kenneth L Owens who previously taught at Dennehotso Boarding became principal in 1974 32 The two current buildings are OFMC projects a 46 545 square foot 4 324 2 m2 school facility for 186 students and a 10 072 square foot 935 7 m2 dormitory for 33 students The scheduled groundbreaking was February 11 2013 The previous buildings scheduled for demolition had a total of 78 626 square feet 7 304 6 m2 of space 33 The school provides transportation for students between Baby Rocks and Mexican Water and asks families living outside of that area and or distant from the highway to have their children stay at the dormitory 34 Kayenta Community School Edit Kayenta Community School is a K 8 school 35 The facility also known as Kayenta Boarding School is a boarding school serving both day and dormitory students 36 It opened in 1935 as the Kayenta Indian School 37 In 1985 the school had 520 students and 19 employees The school at the time had 11 staff positions in which the school could not hire anyone a position that Robert LaFlore the principal called not quite normal 38 Some of the teachers left to work at the Kayenta Unified School District 38 Red Rock Day School Edit The school is a K 8 school in Red Valley Arizona 39 In addition to Red Valley it has students from Cove Mitten Rock and Oak Springs 27 It was created in or after 1932 with the building completed in 1935 Circa 1950 it gained boarding facilities and was known as Red Rock Boarding School but it later reverted into being a day school 40 In 1974 its enrollment was 83 At the time it was the only BIA school in which all of its employees were Navajo people In that year the school was hiring ethnic Navajo bilingual in English and Navajo who were finishing their university educations 41 Additionally by that year it had a forked stick hogan in which it held some classes taught by Navajo senior citizens The hogan was the impetus of Navajo senior citizens who paid the money to have it built and who built it 42 In 2022 the school had 114 students 28 Rocky Ridge Boarding School Edit It is a K 8 boarding school in Kykotsmovi Arizona 43 In 2020 its enrollment was over 100 Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic stated One former student described it as a refuge from a rural community struggling through generations of trauma stating that the school provides room and board to children with no other reliable source of food and lodging 4 On March 16 2020 during the COVID 19 pandemic in Arizona the State of Arizona closed district operated public schools BIE schools were not required to close at that time though several did After employees met that day COVID spread through the school s community 4 Once COVID infections were diagnosed the school temporarily closed 44 It holds an equine horse festival every year 45 T iis Nazbas Community School Edit It is a K 8 school in Teec Nos Pos 46 It has a dormitory facility 47 It opened in 1933 as the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School 48 A building for the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School was dedicated in 1962 49 In 1962 the school had 353 students In 1963 there were plans to build 17 additional classrooms as well as a cafeteria two dormitories and a multipurpose room and housing for employees The capacity after the additions would be over 1 000 50 In 1991 the Teec Nos Pos school facility lacked fire alarms and other fire protection systems 51 Wingate Elementary School Edit As of 1956 update the Wingate Elementary dormitory is a former military barracks that also houses students at Wingate High 52 In 1968 the girls dormitory had 125 girls the Associated Press stated that the dormitory lacked decoration and personal effects and was reflective of a campaign to de personalize Native American students At the time the school strongly discouraged students from speaking Navajo and wanted them to only speak English 53 Circa 1977 it opened a 125 student 90 000 building which used a solar heating system 54 Tribally operated Edit There are also tribally operated schools affiliated with the BIE 17 Albuquerque Resource Center Blackwater Community School Coolidge Arizona Casa Blanca Community School Bapchule Arizona Dishchii bikoh Community School Cibecue Arizona Gila Crossing Community School Laveen Arizona Hopi Day School Kykotsmovi Arizona Hopi Junior Senior High School Keams Canyon Arizona Hotevilla Bacavi Community School Hotevilla Arizona Jicarilla Dormitory School Dulce New Mexico Kha p o Community School Santa Clara Pueblo New Mexico Espanola address Laguna Elementary School Laguna Pueblo New Mexico Laguna Middle School Laguna Pueblo New Mexico Mescalero Apache School Mescalero New Mexico Moencopi Day School Moenkopi Arizona 55 with a Tuba City postal address Ohkay Owingeh Community School Ohkay Owingeh New Mexico Pine Hill Schools Pine Hill New Mexico Salt River Elementary School Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community near Scottsdale Arizona Santa Fe Indian School Santa Fe New Mexico Second Mesa Day School Second Mesa Arizona Te Tsu Geh Oweenge Day School a k a Tesuque Day School 56 Tesuque Pueblo New Mexico near Santa Fe 57 Theodore Roosevelt School Fort Apache Arizona Window Rock Arizona Resource Center Hunters Point Boarding School St Michaels Arizona Kin Dah Lichi I Olta Ganado Arizona T iisyaakin Residential Hall Holbrook Arizona Wide Ruins Community School Chambers Arizona Winslow Residential Hall Winslow Arizona Chinle Arizona Resource Center Black Mesa Community School Pinon Arizona Greasewood Springs Community School Ganado Arizona Lukachukai Community School Lukachukai Arizona Many Farms Community School Many Farms Arizona Nazlini Community School Ganado Arizona Pinon Community School Pinon Arizona Rock Point Community School Rock Point Arizona Rough Rock Community School Chinle Arizona Tuba City Arizona Resource Center Chilchinbeto Community School Kayenta Arizona Dilcon Community School Winslow Arizona Greyhills Academy High School Tuba City Arizona KinLani Bordertown Dormitory Flagstaff Arizona Leupp Schools Inc Winslow Arizona Little Singer Community School 6 miles 9 7 km southeast of Birdsprings Arizona with a Winslow postal address 58 Naa Tsis aan Community School Tonalea Arizona Richfield Residential Hall Richfield Utah Shonto Preparatory School Shonto Arizona Crownpoint New Mexico Resource Center Alamo Navajo Community School Alamo New Mexico with a Magdalena postal address Ch ooshgai Community School Tohatchi New Mexico Dibe Yazhi Habitiin Olta Inc Borrego Pass Borrego Pass New Mexico with a Cuba New Mexico address 59 Na Neelzhin Ji Olta Torreon Torreon Sandoval County New Mexico 60 Cuba address 61 To hajiilee Day School Canoncito New Mexico Shiprock New Mexico Resource Center Atsa Biya a zh Community School Shiprock New Mexico Dzilth Na O Dith Hle Community School Bloomfield New Mexico Hanaa dli Community School Dormitory Inc Bloomfield New Mexico Kinteel Residential Academy Aztec Dorm Aztec New Mexico Navajo Preparatory School Farmington New Mexico Shiprock Northwest High School Shiprock New Mexico Shiprock Reservation Dormitory Shiprock New Mexico Bloomington Minnesota Resource Center Bug O Nay Ge Shig School Bena Minnesota Circle of Life Academy White Earth Minnesota Circle of Nations Wahpeton North Dakota Fond du Lac Ojibwe School Cloquet Minnesota Hannahville Indian School Wilson Michigan Joseph K Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe Sault Sainte Marie Michigan Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa School Hayward Wisconsin Menominee Tribal School Neopit Wisconsin Nay Ah Shing School Onamia Minnesota Oneida Nation School Oneida Wisconsin Rapid City South Dakota Resource Center American Horse School Allen South Dakota Crazy Horse School Wanblee South Dakota Little Wound School Kyle South Dakota Loneman Day School Oglala South Dakota Pierre Indian School Learning Center Pierre South Dakota Porcupine Day School Porcupine South Dakota Sicangu Owayawa Oti Mission South Dakota St Francis Indian School Saint Francis South Dakota St Stephens Indian School St Stephens Wyoming Takini School Howes South Dakota Tiospaye Topa School Ridgeview South Dakota Wounded Knee Manderson South Dakota Seattle Washington Resource Center Chief Leschi Schools Puyallup Washington Coeur d Alene Tribal School DeSmet Idaho Duckwater Shoshone Elementary School Duckwater Nevada Lummi Nation School Bellingham Washington Muckleshoot Tribal School Auburn Washington Noli Indian School San Jacinto California Northern Cheyenne Tribal School Busby Montana Paschal Sherman Indian School Omak Washington Pyramid Lake Jr Sr High School Nixon Nevada Quileute Tribal School LaPush Washington Shoshone Bannock Jr Sr High School Pocatello Idaho Two Eagle River School Pablo Montana Wa He Lut Indian School Olympia Washington Yakama Nation Tribal School Toppenish Washington Flandreau South Dakota Resource Center Crow Creek Reservation High School Stephan South Dakota Crow Creek Sioux Tribal Elementary School Stephan South Dakota Enemy Swim School Waubay South Dakota Lower Brule Day School Lower Brule South Dakota Marty Indian School Marty South Dakota Meskwaki Settlement School Tama Iowa Chickasaw Children s Village Kingston Oklahoma Eufala Dormitory Eufaula Oklahoma Jones Academy Hartshorne Oklahoma Kickapoo Nation School Powhattan Kansas Sequoyah High School Tahlequah Oklahoma Tiospa Zina Tribal School Agency Village South Dakota Nashville Tennessee Resource Center Ahfachkee Day School near Clewiston Florida Beatrice Rafferty School Perry Maine Bogue Chitto Elementary School Philadelphia Mississippi Cherokee Central Elementary School Cherokee North Carolina Cherokee Central High School Cherokee North Carolina Chitimacha Tribal School Jeanerette Louisiana Choctaw Central High School Choctaw Mississippi Choctaw Central Middle School Choctaw Mississippi Conehatta Elementary School Conehatta Mississippi Indian Island School Indian Island Maine Indian Township School Princeton Maine Miccosukee Indian School near Miami Florida Pearl River Elementary School Choctaw Mississippi Red Water Elementary School Carthage Mississippi Standing Pine Elementary School Carthage Mississippi Tucker Elementary School Philadelphia Mississippi Bismarck North Dakota Resource Center Mandaree Day School Mandaree North Dakota Rock Creek Grant School Bullhead South Dakota Little Eagle Grant School Little Eagle South Dakota It was known as Sitting Bull School until 2016 62 Standing Rock Community School Fort Yates North Dakota Tate Topa Tribal School Fort Totten North Dakota Theodore Jamerson Elementary School Bismarck North Dakota Turtle Mountain High School Belcourt North Dakota Twin Buttes Day School Halliday North Dakota White Shield School West Roseglen North Dakota American Horse School Edit It was established in 1931 as the consolidation of Day School 20 and Day School 21 with the former buildings of those two schools becoming teacher housing As of 2021 update its enrollment is 330 63 Its service area in addition to Allen includes Kyle and Martin and includes the Lacreek Pass Creek and Medicine Root Creek districts of the reservation 64 In 2015 the Minneapolis Star Tribune editorial board wrote that American Horse had poor insulation had too many students relative to building capacity has tile flooring in poor repair and using asbestos and lacks the electrical and communications infrastructure needed to support the technology used in modern education 65 Chitimacha Tribal School Edit In 1937 a two classroom public school building condemned by the St Mary Parish School Board was moved to Charenton and began serving the community as a 1 8 school the student population went over 60 In 1968 the kindergarten was established The Bureau of Indian Affairs BIA built a new school which began operations in 1978 to replace the former facility It had 38 in the 1978 1979 school year but this went down to 29 in 1980 1981 and 22 in 1981 1982 In 1982 it got a funding cut due to Reaganomics which led to fears that the school could close 66 Ch ooshgai Community School Edit It is in Tohatchi New Mexico and has boarding facilities Originally it was known as the Chuska Boarding School 67 In the 1960s a new school building a cafeteria dormitories and residences for employees were proposed as a way of relieving the Tohatchi Boarding School 68 It was established circa 1965 67 In 1973 three students ran away from the school and encountered frostbite leading to a lawsuit 69 It had 597 students in 1967 It became the Chuska Tohatchi Consolidated School in 1985 after the Tohatchi Boarding School was merged into it The Navajo Nation took control of the school circa 1999 Around that time the school received its current name 67 Duckwater Shoshone Elementary School Edit A K 8 school it is in a building on the Duckwater Reservation in Duckwater that previously functioned as a church The school was established circa 1973 by tribal members who were not satisfied with their children s course in the Nye County School District The school board was established on July 26 of that year and it opened on November 26 of that year after the United States Office of Education granted 35 000 70 In 1975 its student count was 21 71 In 1982 the school got a renovation 70 By 1986 the relationship between the county s Duckwater School and Duckwater Shoshone School community had mended 72 Duckwater Shoshone maintains its own zoological garden 70 Lukachukai Community School Edit The campus has 44 acres 18 ha of property and includes a dormitory 73 In 1976 the seventh grade at Lukachukai ended so that grade was sent to Chinle Boarding School now Many Farms Community School 74 In 2015 the school was under resourced and the school community made an effort to get a replacement facility Principal Arthur Ben personally recruited teachers including some who were previously retired 11 Na Neelzhin Ji Olta School Edit The tribal K 8 school has a Cuba address 75 but is actually in Torreon 76 It first opened in 1935 It is also known as the Torreon Day School and Torreon Community School 77 Theodore Roosevelt School Edit Theodore Roosevelt School TRS is a tribally controlled middle school in Fort Apache Arizona It includes grades 6 8 78 It is in the White Mountains and serves the White Mountain Apache Tribe 79 The dormitories opened sometime after 1935 A cafeteria opened in 1948 In 1995 it had 100 students By 1995 conditions at the school had deteriorated to the point where students had to be boarded at ad hoc dormitories as the standard dormitory buildings needed heating repairs and asbestos removal Additionally the cafeteria was at times unusable the school took students to a restaurant so they could eat there 79 The school has a boarding program for weekdays for students living in the Apache Reservation and in Cibecue Arizona while students from other places board for the entire week 80 To hajiilee Day School Edit It has grades Kindergarten through 12 In March 2022 the high school building was no longer in use due to foundation problems that resulted from frequent flooding in the area Melanie Stansbury a member of the U S House of Representatives criticized the conditions of the school 81 Wounded Knee District School Edit It is a K 8 school The school is in proximity to the site of the Wounded Knee massacre In 2015 the state of its campus was categorized by the BIE as being in a suboptimal state 82 Former facilities EditIncludes the BIE OIEP and predecessor agencies Albuquerque Indian School Manuelito Hall in Gallup New Mexico a dormitory which housed Native American students attending Gallup McKinley County Schools In 1973 it had about 300 students including 12 from Arizona That year the BIA closed Manuelito Hall planning to move students to various boarding schools The public school system s funding was not anticipated to be harmed by this closure There were some families that wanted their children to remain at Gallup McKinley schools as they perceived them to be better than BIA schools The BIA planned to send the Arizonans to Arizona and of the remaining students 110 high school students to Wingate High School 80 elementary students to Crownpoint Boarding School 45 elementary school students to Wingate Elementary School and others to Chuska Boarding School and Tohatchi Boarding School 83 Mount Edgecumbe High School in Sitka Alaska now operated by the State of Alaska Nava Boarding and Day School in Newcomb New Mexico was established around 1929 and closed in or before 1955 84 Phoenix Indian School Eight Mile School District Public school district that was BIE OIE funded from 1987 to 2008 in 2008 the BIE declared that it was not tribally controlled and therefore should never have received BIE funds 85 See also EditPortals nbsp Schools nbsp United States nbsp Politics Bureau of Indian Affairs Charles Monty RoesselReferences Edit a b c Indian Affairs FAQs Bureau of Indian Affairs Retrieved 25 July 2013 Education Public Safety And Restoration Of The Environment Bureau of Indian Affairs Retrieved 2021 07 29 Schools Bureau of Indian Education Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 Retrieved 20 August 2012 a b c Woods Alden 2020 04 06 Did failure to close a school expose more people to the coronavirus in Navajo communities The Arizona Republic Retrieved 2021 07 29 Alternate link at ProPublica Woods Alden 2020 12 28 What happened when the Hopi took their schools back from the Bureau of Indian Education The Arizona Republic Retrieved 2021 04 25 Bureau of Indian Education Bureau of Indian Affairs Retrieved 2021 07 24 Home Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2022 06 23 1849 C Street NW Washington DC 20240 Identified as the Main Interior Building here The meeting will be held at 1849 C Street NW Main Interior Building a b Why are Native Students Being Left Behind One Day Teach for America 2014 12 11 Retrieved 2021 07 29 a b Woods Alden Philip Agnel 2021 06 09 The Bureau of Indian Education Hasn t Told the Public How Its Schools Are Performing So We Did It Instead ProPublica Retrieved 2021 07 29 a b c d e f g h i Woods Alden 2020 08 06 The Federal Government Gives Native Students an Inadequate Education and Gets Away With It ProPublica The Arizona Republic Retrieved 2021 07 29 As a result the BIE is the only severity of student discipline a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Severns Maggie 2015 11 25 How Washington created some of the worst schools in America Politico Retrieved 2021 07 29 While tribal schools suffer military schools prosper Minneapolis Star Tribune 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2021 08 13 a b Woods Alden 2020 09 28 Feds promised Native American students computers and internet Many are still waiting The Arizona Republic Retrieved 2021 07 29 Alternate link Woods Alden 2020 09 29 The Federal Government Promised Native American Students Computers and Internet Many Are Still Waiting Tucson Weekly Retrieved 2021 07 30 a b Green Donald E Tonneson Thomas V eds 1991 American Indians Social Justice and Public Policy PDF University of Wisconsin System Institute on Race and Ethnicity p 186 PDF p 198 282 BIA and DOD Schools Student Achievement and Other Characteristics Often Differ from Public Schools Government Accountability Office 2001 09 28 Retrieved 2021 08 03 Naranjo Jenna 2003 02 16 Culture in the classroom Santa Fe New Mexican Santa Fe New Mexico p 12 Clipping from Newspapers com a b c National Directory June 2015 Archive Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved on June 16 2015 Cottonwood Day School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 27 23 Miles W Chinle Navjo Rt 4 Chinle AZ 86503 Also stated as Navajo Route 4 11miles west of Hwy 191 26 miles Cottonwood AZ 86503 Compare to the Map of the Cottonwood CDP Home Lake Valley Navajo School Retrieved 2023 03 27 N Hwy 371 CR 7750 Crownpoint NM 87313 BIE profile NCES profile About Mariano Lake Community School Retrieved 2023 03 27 Navajo Route 49 Crownpoint NM 87313 BIE profile and NCES profile Home T iis Ts ozi Bi Olta Crownpoint Community School Retrieved 2023 03 27 State Hwy 371 Navajo Rt 9 Building 1771 Crownpoint NM 87313 Tse ii ahi Community School National Center for Education Statistics Retrieved 2023 03 27 Navajo Route 9 18 miles W of Crownpoin sic Crownpoint NM 87313 BIE profile Nenahnezad Community School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 27 6675 County Road South Fruitland NM 87416 Compare the address to the Nenahnezad CDP map Cottonwood Day School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 18 Cottonwood School Dedication Navajo Times 1968 02 29 p 5 Cove Day School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 18 a b Cove Day School Bureau of Indian Affairs Retrieved 2023 03 18 a b Becenti Arlyssa D 2022 11 26 Parents want a decision about plans to replace a Navajo school near old uranium mines The Arizona Republic Retrieved 2023 03 18 Crystal Boarding School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2021 07 12 The maps and surveys here match a site in Crystal CDP It is not in Navajo CDP Native American schools face decay poverty Associated Press 2014 10 19 Retrieved 2021 07 12 Delaney Walter 1951 06 17 No Laughter For Indian Kids The Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati Ohio p Section 3 p 1 Clipping from Newspapers com Educator Returns Arizona Daily Sun Flagstaff Arizona 1974 03 08 p 10 Clipping from Newspapers com Dennehotso Boarding School Replacement Gets Going Following Ground breaking Archive Bureau of Indian Affairs p 16 44 Retrieved on June 16 2015 2019 2020 BIE NAVAJO DISTRICT STUDENT PARENT HANDBOOK PDF Dennehotso Boarding School p 39 48 Retrieved 2021 04 27 Kayenta Community School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 17 Home Kayenta Boarding School Retrieved 2023 03 17 List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs p 188 435 Retrieved 2023 03 17 a b Hardeen George 1985 06 14 Navajo reservation s BIA schools are facing acute teacher shortage Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona p B5 Clipping at Newspapers com Red Rock Day School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 18 List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs p 288 435 Retrieved 2023 03 17 Navajo Nation Likes On Site Education The Gallup Independent Gallup New Mexico 1974 12 28 pp 1 6 Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers com The article says the school is in northwestern New Mexico but 2023 BIE pages and the BIA past school listing point the school to being in Arizona Navajo tribe honors elders in program Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona 1974 12 17 p B 14 Clipping from Newspapers com Rocky Ridge Boarding School Bureau of Indian Education Physical Address 10 Miles on Dinnebito Road Kykotsmovi AZ 86039 Allen Krista 2020 03 28 Rocky Ridge school closed after infections reported Navajo Times Retrieved 2021 07 29 Rocky Ridge Boarding School holds annual equine fest Navajo Hopi Observer 2008 05 21 Retrieved 2021 07 29 T iis Nazbas Community School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 17 Highway 160 BIA Road N5114 Teec Nos Pos AZ 86514 TNCS T iis Nazbas Community School Retrieved 2023 03 17 site linked from the BIE List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs p 380 435 Retrieved 2023 03 17 Dignitaries Stress Education Importance At Teec Nos Pos School And Chapter Dedication Navajo Times 1962 05 23 p 13 Clipping from Newspapers com Two Navajo School Contracts Awarded Navajo Times 1963 07 11 p 10 Clipping at Newspapers com Anderson Jack Van Atta Dale 1991 11 13 BIA lets Indian schools crumble The Daily Times Salisbury Maryland p 13 Clipping at Newspapers com Fort Wingate Is A Landmark In New Mexico s History The Gallup Independent Gallup New Mexico 1956 08 07 p Section F page 13 Clipping from Newspapers com Sit Wait Is Indian School Curriculum Tucson Daily Citizen Associated Press 1968 12 20 p 10 Clipping from Newspapers com NM school installs solar heater Las Vegas Optic Las Vegas New Mexico Associated Press 1977 11 07 p 10 Clipping from Newspapers com Directions Moencopi Day School Retrieved 2021 07 30 Moencopi Day School Inc 322 AZ 264 Tuba City AZ 86045 Compare with the US Census Bureau Map of Moenkopi Schools In Poor Condition as Measured by Facility Condition Index PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs Retrieved 2023 06 06 Te Tsu Geh Oweenge Day School National Center for Education Statistics Retrieved 2023 06 06 Home Little Singer Community Grant amp Charter Jr High School 2011 08 28 Archived from the original on 2011 08 28 Retrieved 2021 07 12 Little Singer Community School 6 miles SE of Birdsprings Rte 71 Winslow AZ 86047 Little Singer Community School National Center for Educational Statistics Retrieved 2021 07 12 Physical Address 6 miles south of Birdspring sic Chapter Winslow AZ 86047 About Borrego Pass School Retrieved 2023 03 22 About Na Neelzhin Ji Olta School Retrieved 2023 03 22 Na Neelzhiin Ji Olta Torreon Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 22 About Little Eagle Grant School Retrieved 2021 08 06 Sitting Bull School will be having About American Horse School American Horse School Retrieved 2021 08 11 Mercer Bob 2018 06 20 Three schools and tribe get juvenile sub grants Capital Journal Retrieved 2021 08 11 Pine Ridge schools Amid beauty deterioration Minneapolis Star Tribune 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2021 08 11 Stouff Roger E 1982 04 01 Chitimacha Day School headed for extinction St Mary and Franklin Banner Tribune Vol 98 no 92 p 1 Clipping from Newspapers com a b c List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs p 83 435 Retrieved 2023 03 17 Two Navajo School Contracts Awarded Navajo Times 1963 07 11 p 10 Clipping at Newspapers com Cohea Carol 1976 01 27 900 000 Total Given In Chuska School Suit Albuquerque Journal p A 2 Clipping from Newspapers com a b c School provides a focal point for community Reno Gazette Journal 1999 06 13 p 1C Clipping from Newspapers com Text detail A and Text detail B Powers Lenita 1975 07 13 Duckwater Indians Make Children s Education a Home Affair Nevada State Journal p 21 Clipping from Newspapers com Text detail A Text detail B Papinchak Steve 1986 09 28 It s back to basics at Duckwater s 1 room school Reno Gazette Journal pp 1D 2D Clipping of first Text detail and of second page Text detail A text detail B at Newspapers com Lukachukai Community School Dekker Perich Sabatini Retrieved 2021 07 29 Chinle Boarding School Relocates to Many Farms Navajo Education Newsletter Volumes 1 6 Education Division Navajo Area Bureau of Indian Affairs September 1976 p PT241 Na Neelzhiin Ji Olta Torreon Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2023 03 22 About Na Neelzhin Ji Olta School Retrieved 2023 03 22 List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs p 392 435 Retrieved 2023 03 22 Theodore Roosevelt School Bureau of Indian Education Retrieved 2021 08 04 a b Sowers Carol 1995 09 10 Many of BIA s schools in disgraceful condition Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona pp B1 B5 Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers com About TRS Residential Program Theodore Roosevelt School Retrieved 2023 03 21 Bendery Jennifer 2022 06 30 Native American Kids Schools Are Crumbling And Unsafe Congress Won t Fix Them Huffington Post Retrieved 2022 12 31 Pine Ridge schools Amid beauty deterioration Minneapolis Star Tribune 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2021 08 11 BIA Closes Manuelito Hall Gallup New Mexico The Gallup Independent 1973 04 14 pp 1 6 Clipping of first text detail and of second page at Newspapers com List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools PDF Bureau of Indian Affairs p 232 435 Retrieved 2023 03 17 Eckroth LeAnn 2008 04 20 Trenton officials trying to overcome money woes Williston Herald Retrieved 2021 08 12 Further reading EditCarter Patricia A Completely Discouraged Women Teachers Resistance in the Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools 1900 1910 Frontiers A Journal of Women Studies Vol 15 No 3 1995 pp 53 86 University of Nebraska Press Available at JSTOR DOI 10 2307 3346785 III The Failure of Federal Schools Indian Education A National Tragedy A National Challenge U S Government Printing Office 1969 11 03 Read chapter online Introduction List of Federal Indian Boarding SchoolsExternal links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bureau of Indian Education Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bureau of Indian Education amp oldid 1170751582, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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