Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii is a short-lived perennial plant with thick stems varying from 4 to 40 inches in length. It is multi-branching in form and tends to grow in large tufts. The grayish colored leaves are shaped like a lance and are about 1 to 5 inches long with many hairs, primarily short with only a few being longer. Its flowers are white with inch-long petals and yellow stamens. It blooms from March to September. The subspecies is often confused with Oenothera deltoides ssp. cognata that grows in an area southeast of the protected area.[3]
The Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose blooms for only one night.[4] The flowers are a major host plant for a rare species of sweat bee, Sphecodogastra antiochensis.[5]
In 1979 Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii, the Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose, was declared an endangered species.[6][7] Currently, its habitat is restricted to the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge, the last remnant of an isolated nine kilometer stretch of sand dune habitat. The refuge was formed in 1980 to prevent extinction of this plant, as well as Lange's metalmark butterfly (Apodemia mormo langei) and the Contra Costa wallflower (Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum).[8] This refuge is the first national wildlife refuge in the U.S. formed to protect endangered plants and insects, and it is open for viewing to the public only under supervision because of the sensitive status of these species.[9]
Endangered statusedit
In 2007 a five-year review of its endangered status was completed,[10] and its status was continued unchanged.[11]
^"Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge, a California National Park near Antioch, Brentwood, Clayton, Coast Guard Isla, Concord". www.stateparks.com. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
^. www.recreation.gov. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
^"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Reviews of 58 Species in California and Nevada". frwebgate.access.gpo.gov. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
^Naumovich, Lech (April 16, 2007). "California Native Plant Society - USFWS 5 year review comments" (PDF). PDF. California Native Plant Society. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
External linksedit
. Endangered Species Bulletin. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
Brian Czech, Paul Krausman (2001). The Endangered Species Act: history, conservation biology, and public policy. JHU Press. ISBN9780801865046. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
April 11, 2024
oenothera, deltoides, subsp, howellii, antioch, dunes, evening, primrose, endangered, subspecies, plant, family, onagraceae, genus, oenothera, species, oenothera, deltoides, conservation, statusendangered, scientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, trach. Oenothera deltoides subsp howellii the Antioch Dunes evening primrose is an endangered subspecies of plant in the family Onagraceae genus Oenothera and species Oenothera deltoides 2 Oenothera deltoides subsp howelliiConservation statusEndangered ESA Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder MyrtalesFamily OnagraceaeGenus OenotheraSpecies O deltoidesSubspecies O d subsp howelliiTrinomial nameOenothera deltoides subsp howellii Munz Klein 1 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Endangered status 4 References 5 External linksDescription editOenothera deltoides subsp howellii is a short lived perennial plant with thick stems varying from 4 to 40 inches in length It is multi branching in form and tends to grow in large tufts The grayish colored leaves are shaped like a lance and are about 1 to 5 inches long with many hairs primarily short with only a few being longer Its flowers are white with inch long petals and yellow stamens It blooms from March to September The subspecies is often confused with Oenothera deltoides ssp cognata that grows in an area southeast of the protected area 3 The Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose blooms for only one night 4 The flowers are a major host plant for a rare species of sweat bee Sphecodogastra antiochensis 5 Distribution and habitat editOenothera deltoides subsp howellii is a perennial plant that grows only in an environmentally sensitive sand dune habitat located near the meeting of the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River in California 3 In 1979 Oenothera deltoides subsp howellii the Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose was declared an endangered species 6 7 Currently its habitat is restricted to the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge the last remnant of an isolated nine kilometer stretch of sand dune habitat The refuge was formed in 1980 to prevent extinction of this plant as well as Lange s metalmark butterfly Apodemia mormo langei and the Contra Costa wallflower Erysimum capitatum var angustatum 8 This refuge is the first national wildlife refuge in the U S formed to protect endangered plants and insects and it is open for viewing to the public only under supervision because of the sensitive status of these species 9 Endangered status editIn 2007 a five year review of its endangered status was completed 10 and its status was continued unchanged 11 References edit Oenothera deltoides Torrey amp Fremont ssp howellii Munz Klein Calflora Retrieved 23 February 2016 Oenothera deltoides subsp howellii Antioch Dunes Evening primrose GBIF Portal data gbif org Retrieved 2009 11 24 a b Antioch Dunes evening primrose species account from the Sacramento Fish amp Wildlife Office www fws gov Retrieved 2009 11 23 Slack Gordon Between River and Bay Bay Nature Institute baynature org Retrieved 2009 11 26 Sheppard Mathew The Xerces Society Sweat bees Sphecodogastra antiochensis www xerces org Retrieved 2009 11 24 Species Profile for Antioch Dunes evening primrose Oenothera deltoides howellii ecos fws gov Retrieved 2009 11 24 Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose Final Critical Habitat USFWS ds252 www atlas ca gov Retrieved 2009 11 23 Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge a California National Park near Antioch Brentwood Clayton Coast Guard Isla Concord www stateparks com Retrieved 2009 11 24 Recreation gov recreation area details Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge Recreation gov www recreation gov Archived from the original on 2009 05 01 Retrieved 2009 11 24 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Initiation of 5 Year Reviews of 58 Species in California and Nevada frwebgate access gpo gov Retrieved 2009 11 24 Naumovich Lech April 16 2007 California Native Plant Society USFWS 5 year review comments PDF PDF California Native Plant Society Retrieved 26 November 2009 External links edit Article Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge NWR Antioch California Endangered Species Bulletin Archived from the original on 2012 11 02 Retrieved 2009 11 26 Brian Czech Paul Krausman 2001 The Endangered Species Act history conservation biology and public policy JHU Press ISBN 9780801865046 Retrieved 2009 11 26 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oenothera deltoides subsp howellii amp oldid 1181284681, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
