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Paul Fleming (poet)

November 29, 2023

Paul Fleming (also spelt Flemming; 5 October 1609 – 2 April 1640[1]) was a German physician and poet.

Paul Fleming
Born(1609-10-05)5 October 1609
Hartenstein, Holy Roman Empire
Died2 April 1640(1640-04-02) (aged 30)
Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire
Other namesPaul Flemming
EducationSt. Thomas School, Leipzig
Alma materLeipzig University
Occupations
  • Physician
  • poet

As well as writing notable verse and hymns, he spent several years accompanying the Duke of Holstein's embassies to Russia and Persia. He also lived for a year at Reval on the coast of Estonia, where he wrote many love-songs.

Life edit

Born at Hartenstein, Saxony, the son of Abraham Fleming, a well-to-do Lutheran pastor, Fleming received his early education from his father before attending a school at Mittweida and then the famous St. Thomas School at Leipzig. He received his initial medical training at Leipzig University, where he also studied literature and graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy before gaining his medical doctorate at the University of Hamburg.[2][3]

The Thirty Years' War drove Fleming to Holstein,[3] where in 1633 Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, engaged him as physician, courtier and steward. Towards the end of 1633 the Duke sent Fleming with Adam Olearius as a member of an embassy to Russia and the Persian Empire headed by Otto Brüggemann and Philipp Kruse. Fleming was outside Germany for almost six years, much of them in the two foreign empires.[4] Travelling into Russia, Fleming was in an advance party of the embassy which went to Novgorod, where he remained while negotiations went on with the Swedes and the Russians. At the end of July 1634 the ambassadors joined the party, and the embassy proceeded to Moscow, arriving on 14 August. After four months in the capital city, the Holstein embassy departed again for the Baltic on Christmas Eve, 1634, and on 10 January 1635 arrived at Reval (now Tallinn) in Swedish Estonia. While the ambassadors continued to Gottorp some of the party, including Fleming, remained in Reval.[5] In the event, Fleming was there for about a year, during which he organized a poetry circle called "the Shepherds".[6] Not long after his arrival in Reval, Fleming began his courtship of Elsabe Niehus, the daughter of Heinrich Niehus, a merchant originally from Hamburg.[7] He wrote love poems for her, and they became engaged to be married. In 1636 the embassy proceeded to Persia, by way of a further visit to Moscow, and Elsabe was left behind.[8] Fleming's Epistolae ex Persia were four letters in verse written during his time in Persia, between 1636 and 1638.[9] The embassy was at Isfahan in 1637. On returning to Reval, Fleming found that Elsabe had married another man and became engaged to her sister, Anna Niehus.[8][10]

 
Statue of Fleming at Hartenstein

In 1639 Fleming resumed his medical studies at the University of Leiden, and in 1640 was awarded a doctorate.[8] He settled in Hamburg, where he died on 2 April 1640.

Poetry edit

With his contemporaries Martin Opitz (1597–1639), Andreas Gryphius (1616–1664), Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau (1616–1679) and the rather later Daniel Casper von Lohenstein (1635–1683), Fleming is one of the writers now called "the Silesian poets" or "the Silesian school".[11] As a lyricist he stands in the front rank of German poets.[2]

Fleming's well-known poems include Auf den Tod eines Kindes (On the Death of a Child) and Madrigal.[12] A number of his sonnets are about the places he visited in his travels.[6] The only collections published in his lifetime were Rubella seu Suaviorum Liber (1631) and Klagegedichte über das unschuldigste Leiden und Tod unsers Erlösers Jesu Christi (Laments concerning the most innocent Suffering and Death of our Saviour Jesus Christ), printed early in 1632, the second of which begins with an invocation of Melpomene, the Muse of tragedy.[13] His Teutsche Poemata (Poems in German), published posthumously in 1642, was later renamed Geistliche und weltliche Gedichte (Spiritual and Secular Poems) and contains many notable love-songs.

Fleming wrote in Latin as well as in German, and his Latin poems were published in a single volume in 1863, edited by Johann Martin Lappenberg.[14] Fleming has been called a man of "real poetic genius",[15] "the only good poet in Germany during the Thirty Years' War",[16] "possibly the greatest German lyric poet of the seventeenth century"[17] and "the German Herrick".[11] Günter Grass has called him "one of the major figures in German seventeenth-century literature".[18]

Musical settings edit

Fleming wrote the hymn in nine stanzas "In allen meinen Taten" (In all that I do) on the melody of "Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen" by Heinrich Isaac,[19] which is contained in several hymnals.[20] Johann Sebastian Bach used the final stanza to close both cantatas Meine Seufzer, meine Tränen (BWV 13) and Sie werden euch in den Bann tun (BWV 44). The complete hymn is the base for Bach's chorale cantata In allen meinen Taten (BWV 97).[20][17] Already in the 17th century another composer, David Pohle (1624–1695), had set twelve of Fleming's love-songs to music.[21] Johannes Brahms set "Lass dich nur nichts bedauern" as Geistliches Lied, Op. 30.[22] Pauline Volkstein also set Fleming’s texts to music.[23]

Works edit

 
Gedichte (1870)
  • Rubella seu Suaviorum Liber (1631)
  • Klagegedichte über das unschüldigste Leiden undt Tod unsers Erlösers Jesu Christi (Laments concerning the most innocent Suffering and Death of our Saviour Jesus Christ) (1632)
  • Prodromus (1641)
  • Teutsche Poemata (Poems in German) (1646)
    • Geistliche und weltliche Gedichte (Spiritual and Secular Poems) was the title of later editions of Teutsche Poemata

Source: "Paul Fleming (1609–1640)" (PDF). Die Barockepoche im Spiegel der Lyrik (in German). University of Konstanz. Retrieved 3 October 2018.

Bibliography edit

  • Harry Mayne, Paul Fleming (1609–1640) (1909)
  • Herbert William Smith, The forms of praise in the German poetry of Paul Fleming (1609–1640) (1956)
  • Siegfried Scheer, Paul Fleming 1609 – 1640: seine literar-historischen Nachwirkungen in drei Jahrhunderten (1941)
  • Karen Brand, Diversität der deutschen Liebeslyrik von Paul Fleming (2010)
  • Gerhard Dünnhaupt: 'Paul Fleming', in Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock, vol. 2 (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1990; ISBN 3-7772-9027-0), pp. 1490–1513
  • Eva Dürrenfeld, Paul Fleming und Johann Christian Günther (Tübingen: Winter, 1964)
  • Heinz Entner, Paul Fleming – Ein deutscher Dichter im Dreißigjährigen Krieg (Leipzig: Verlag Philipp Reclam jun. 1989; ISBN 3-379-00486-3)
  • Maria Cäcilie Pohl, Paul Fleming. Ich-Darstellung, Übersetzungen, Reisegedichte (Münster & Hamburg, 1993)
  • Hans Pyritz, Paul Flemings Liebeslyrik (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962)
  • Konrad Müller, Paul Fleming und das Haus Schönburg (Waldenburg, Saxony: 1939)
  • Theodor Kolde (1877), "Fleming, Paul", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), vol. 7, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 115–117
  • Willi Flemming (1961), "Flem(m)ing, Paul", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 238–239

References edit

  1. ^ Flemming, Willi (1961), "Fleming, Paul", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 238; (full text online)
  2. ^ a b John Wesley Thomas, German verse from the 12th to the 20th century in English translation (AMS Press, 1966), p. 25
  3. ^ a b Friedrich Max Müller, Early German classics from the fourth to fifteenth century, vol. 2 (1858), p. 490: Geboren 1609 zu Hartenstein im Voigtlande; besuchte die Schule zu Meissen, und studirte Medicin in Leipzig. Der Dreissigjährige Krieg trieb ihn nach Holstein, wo er sich der Gesandtschaft anschloss...
  4. ^ Gabriella Szögedi, 'Versuch eines autonomen Verhaltens im Poetischen. Paul Flemings deutsche Liebesgedichte im Diskurs der constantia at inst.at, accessed 10 January 2012: "Fleming... spent six years of his short life on a diplomatic mission from Holstein to Russia and Persia" (translated from the German)
  5. ^ Sperberg-McQueen (1990), p. 81.
  6. ^ a b Elena Rannu, The living past of Tallinn (1993), p. 106: "It happened that the German poet Paul Fleming (1609–1640), a doctor by profession, was one of that Holstein Embassy too. Like his comrades, he spent about a year in the town... He organized a poetry group which was called "Shepherds"... Some of Paul Fleming's sonnets were connected directly with Tallinn, others with the places along which the embassy travelled..."
  7. ^ Karen Brand, Diversität der deutschen Liebeslyrik von Paul Fleming (2010), p. 4: "Vermutlich im März 1635 begann die Liebesbeziehung zu Elsabe Niehus..."
  8. ^ a b c Hans Dieter Betz, Religion past and present (2008), p. 140
  9. ^ Sperberg-McQueen (1990), p. 133.
  10. ^ Baker, Christopher (2002). Absolutism and the scientific revolution, 1600–1720: a biographical dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 117. ISBN 0-313-30827-6.
  11. ^ a b Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, The political, social, and literary history of Germany (1881), p. 242: "Paul Fleming of Silesia (1609–1640), the "German Herrick," stands; the head of all the lyric poets of the seventeenth century."
  12. ^ A German treasury (University of Salzburg, 1995), pp. 90–91
  13. ^ Sperberg-McQueen (1990), p. 46.
  14. ^ J. M. Lappenberg, ed., Paul Flemings Lateinische Gedichte (Stuttgart, 1863)
  15. ^ M. F. Reid, A handy manual of German literature (1879), p. 80
  16. ^ Edward Lowbury, Poetry (Oxford Reference Online accessed 10 January 2012, subscription required), orig. in Stephen Lock, John M. Last, and George Dunea, eds., The Oxford Companion to Medicine (Oxford University Press, 2001)
  17. ^ a b Richard Stokes, ed., J. S. Bach: the Complete Cantatas, p. viii
  18. ^ Günter Grass, The Meeting at Telgte (1990), p. 139
  19. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / O Welt, ich muss dich lassen". bach-cantatas.com. 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  20. ^ a b "In allen meinen Taten / Text and Translation of Chorale". bach-cantatas.com. 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  21. ^ Friedrich Blume, Ludwig Finscher, Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik (1996), p. 304: "David Pohle, 12 Liebesgesänge von Paul Fleming für 2 St."
  22. ^ Geistliches Lied, Op. 30 (Brahms): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  23. ^ "Pauline Volkstein und ihre Volkslieder. Von Dr. Armin Knab. - Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek". www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de (in German). Retrieved 4 March 2023.

Sources edit

  • Sperberg-McQueen, Marian R. (1990). The German poetry of Paul Fleming: studies in genre and history. University of North Carolina Press.
  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Fleming, Paul". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

External links edit

 
German Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Paul Fleming
 
Wikisource has original works by or about:
Paul Fleming
  • Paul Fleming (Hymn-Writer) at bach-cantatas.com
  • Paul Fleming (1609–1640) – Liebesgedichte Love poems and biography at deutsche-liebeslyrik.de
  • Paul Fleming (1609–1640) – Liebesgedichte II Love poems II at deutsche-liebeslyrik.de
  • Paul Fleming (1609–1640) – Liebesgedichte III Love poems III at deutsche-liebeslyrik.de
  • Fleming, Paul (1870). Gedichte. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus.

November 29, 2023
paul, fleming, poet, paul, fleming, also, spelt, flemming, october, 1609, april, 1640, german, physician, poet, paul, flemingborn, 1609, october, 1609hartenstein, holy, roman, empiredied2, april, 1640, 1640, aged, hamburg, holy, roman, empireother, namespaul, . Paul Fleming also spelt Flemming 5 October 1609 2 April 1640 1 was a German physician and poet Paul FlemingBorn 1609 10 05 5 October 1609Hartenstein Holy Roman EmpireDied2 April 1640 1640 04 02 aged 30 Hamburg Holy Roman EmpireOther namesPaul FlemmingEducationSt Thomas School LeipzigAlma materLeipzig UniversityOccupationsPhysician poetAs well as writing notable verse and hymns he spent several years accompanying the Duke of Holstein s embassies to Russia and Persia He also lived for a year at Reval on the coast of Estonia where he wrote many love songs Contents 1 Life 2 Poetry 2 1 Musical settings 3 Works 4 Bibliography 5 References 5 1 Sources 6 External linksLife editBorn at Hartenstein Saxony the son of Abraham Fleming a well to do Lutheran pastor Fleming received his early education from his father before attending a school at Mittweida and then the famous St Thomas School at Leipzig He received his initial medical training at Leipzig University where he also studied literature and graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy before gaining his medical doctorate at the University of Hamburg 2 3 The Thirty Years War drove Fleming to Holstein 3 where in 1633 Frederick III Duke of Holstein Gottorp engaged him as physician courtier and steward Towards the end of 1633 the Duke sent Fleming with Adam Olearius as a member of an embassy to Russia and the Persian Empire headed by Otto Bruggemann and Philipp Kruse Fleming was outside Germany for almost six years much of them in the two foreign empires 4 Travelling into Russia Fleming was in an advance party of the embassy which went to Novgorod where he remained while negotiations went on with the Swedes and the Russians At the end of July 1634 the ambassadors joined the party and the embassy proceeded to Moscow arriving on 14 August After four months in the capital city the Holstein embassy departed again for the Baltic on Christmas Eve 1634 and on 10 January 1635 arrived at Reval now Tallinn in Swedish Estonia While the ambassadors continued to Gottorp some of the party including Fleming remained in Reval 5 In the event Fleming was there for about a year during which he organized a poetry circle called the Shepherds 6 Not long after his arrival in Reval Fleming began his courtship of Elsabe Niehus the daughter of Heinrich Niehus a merchant originally from Hamburg 7 He wrote love poems for her and they became engaged to be married In 1636 the embassy proceeded to Persia by way of a further visit to Moscow and Elsabe was left behind 8 Fleming s Epistolae ex Persia were four letters in verse written during his time in Persia between 1636 and 1638 9 The embassy was at Isfahan in 1637 On returning to Reval Fleming found that Elsabe had married another man and became engaged to her sister Anna Niehus 8 10 nbsp Statue of Fleming at HartensteinIn 1639 Fleming resumed his medical studies at the University of Leiden and in 1640 was awarded a doctorate 8 He settled in Hamburg where he died on 2 April 1640 Poetry editWith his contemporaries Martin Opitz 1597 1639 Andreas Gryphius 1616 1664 Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau 1616 1679 and the rather later Daniel Casper von Lohenstein 1635 1683 Fleming is one of the writers now called the Silesian poets or the Silesian school 11 As a lyricist he stands in the front rank of German poets 2 Fleming s well known poems include Auf den Tod eines Kindes On the Death of a Child and Madrigal 12 A number of his sonnets are about the places he visited in his travels 6 The only collections published in his lifetime were Rubella seu Suaviorum Liber 1631 and Klagegedichte uber das unschuldigste Leiden und Tod unsers Erlosers Jesu Christi Laments concerning the most innocent Suffering and Death of our Saviour Jesus Christ printed early in 1632 the second of which begins with an invocation of Melpomene the Muse of tragedy 13 His Teutsche Poemata Poems in German published posthumously in 1642 was later renamed Geistliche und weltliche Gedichte Spiritual and Secular Poems and contains many notable love songs Fleming wrote in Latin as well as in German and his Latin poems were published in a single volume in 1863 edited by Johann Martin Lappenberg 14 Fleming has been called a man of real poetic genius 15 the only good poet in Germany during the Thirty Years War 16 possibly the greatest German lyric poet of the seventeenth century 17 and the German Herrick 11 Gunter Grass has called him one of the major figures in German seventeenth century literature 18 Musical settings edit Fleming wrote the hymn in nine stanzas In allen meinen Taten In all that I do on the melody of Innsbruck ich muss dich lassen by Heinrich Isaac 19 which is contained in several hymnals 20 Johann Sebastian Bach used the final stanza to close both cantatas Meine Seufzer meine Tranen BWV 13 and Sie werden euch in den Bann tun BWV 44 The complete hymn is the base for Bach s chorale cantata In allen meinen Taten BWV 97 20 17 Already in the 17th century another composer David Pohle 1624 1695 had set twelve of Fleming s love songs to music 21 Johannes Brahms set Lass dich nur nichts bedauern as Geistliches Lied Op 30 22 Pauline Volkstein also set Fleming s texts to music 23 Works edit nbsp Gedichte 1870 Rubella seu Suaviorum Liber 1631 Klagegedichte uber das unschuldigste Leiden undt Tod unsers Erlosers Jesu Christi Laments concerning the most innocent Suffering and Death of our Saviour Jesus Christ 1632 Prodromus 1641 Teutsche Poemata Poems in German 1646 Geistliche und weltliche Gedichte Spiritual and Secular Poems was the title of later editions of Teutsche PoemataSource Paul Fleming 1609 1640 PDF Die Barockepoche im Spiegel der Lyrik in German University of Konstanz Retrieved 3 October 2018 Bibliography editHarry Mayne Paul Fleming 1609 1640 1909 Herbert William Smith The forms of praise in the German poetry of Paul Fleming 1609 1640 1956 Siegfried Scheer Paul Fleming 1609 1640 seine literar historischen Nachwirkungen in drei Jahrhunderten 1941 Karen Brand Diversitat der deutschen Liebeslyrik von Paul Fleming 2010 Gerhard Dunnhaupt Paul Fleming in Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock vol 2 Stuttgart Hiersemann 1990 ISBN 3 7772 9027 0 pp 1490 1513 Eva Durrenfeld Paul Fleming und Johann Christian Gunther Tubingen Winter 1964 Heinz Entner Paul Fleming Ein deutscher Dichter im Dreissigjahrigen Krieg Leipzig Verlag Philipp Reclam jun 1989 ISBN 3 379 00486 3 Maria Cacilie Pohl Paul Fleming Ich Darstellung Ubersetzungen Reisegedichte Munster amp Hamburg 1993 Hans Pyritz Paul Flemings Liebeslyrik Gottingen Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht 1962 Konrad Muller Paul Fleming und das Haus Schonburg Waldenburg Saxony 1939 Theodor Kolde 1877 Fleming Paul Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie ADB in German vol 7 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 115 117 Willi Flemming 1961 Flem m ing Paul Neue Deutsche Biographie in German vol 5 Berlin Duncker amp Humblot pp 238 239References edit Flemming Willi 1961 Fleming Paul Neue Deutsche Biographie in German vol 5 Berlin Duncker amp Humblot p 238 full text online a b John Wesley Thomas German verse from the 12th to the 20th century in English translation AMS Press 1966 p 25 a b Friedrich Max Muller Early German classics from the fourth to fifteenth century vol 2 1858 p 490 Geboren 1609 zu Hartenstein im Voigtlande besuchte die Schule zu Meissen und studirte Medicin in Leipzig Der Dreissigjahrige Krieg trieb ihn nach Holstein wo er sich der Gesandtschaft anschloss Gabriella Szogedi Versuch eines autonomen Verhaltens im Poetischen Paul Flemings deutsche Liebesgedichte im Diskurs der constantia at inst at accessed 10 January 2012 Fleming spent six years of his short life on a diplomatic mission from Holstein to Russia and Persia translated from the German Sperberg McQueen 1990 p 81 a b Elena Rannu The living past of Tallinn 1993 p 106 It happened that the German poet Paul Fleming 1609 1640 a doctor by profession was one of that Holstein Embassy too Like his comrades he spent about a year in the town He organized a poetry group which was called Shepherds Some of Paul Fleming s sonnets were connected directly with Tallinn others with the places along which the embassy travelled Karen Brand Diversitat der deutschen Liebeslyrik von Paul Fleming 2010 p 4 Vermutlich im Marz 1635 begann die Liebesbeziehung zu Elsabe Niehus a b c Hans Dieter Betz Religion past and present 2008 p 140 Sperberg McQueen 1990 p 133 Baker Christopher 2002 Absolutism and the scientific revolution 1600 1720 a biographical dictionary Westport CT Greenwood Publishing Group p 117 ISBN 0 313 30827 6 a b Ebenezer Cobham Brewer The political social and literary history of Germany 1881 p 242 Paul Fleming of Silesia 1609 1640 the German Herrick stands the head of all the lyric poets of the seventeenth century A German treasury University of Salzburg 1995 pp 90 91 Sperberg McQueen 1990 p 46 J M Lappenberg ed Paul Flemings Lateinische Gedichte Stuttgart 1863 M F Reid A handy manual of German literature 1879 p 80 Edward Lowbury Poetry Oxford Reference Online accessed 10 January 2012 subscription required orig in Stephen Lock John M Last and George Dunea eds The Oxford Companion to Medicine Oxford University Press 2001 a b Richard Stokes ed J S Bach the Complete Cantatas p viii Gunter Grass The Meeting at Telgte 1990 p 139 Chorale Melodies used in Bach s Vocal Works O Welt ich muss dich lassen bach cantatas com 2009 Retrieved 9 January 2012 a b In allen meinen Taten Text and Translation of Chorale bach cantatas com 2006 Retrieved 9 January 2012 Friedrich Blume Ludwig Finscher Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart allgemeine Enzyklopadie der Musik 1996 p 304 David Pohle 12 Liebesgesange von Paul Fleming fur 2 St Geistliches Lied Op 30 Brahms Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Pauline Volkstein und ihre Volkslieder Von Dr Armin Knab Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek www deutsche digitale bibliothek de in German Retrieved 4 March 2023 Sources edit Sperberg McQueen Marian R 1990 The German poetry of Paul Fleming studies in genre and history University of North Carolina Press nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Wood James ed 1907 Fleming Paul The Nuttall Encyclopaedia London and New York Frederick Warne External links edit nbsp German Wikisource has original text related to this article Paul Fleming nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Paul Fleming Paul Fleming Hymn Writer at bach cantatas com Paul Fleming 1609 1640 Liebesgedichte Love poems and biography at deutsche liebeslyrik de Paul Fleming 1609 1640 Liebesgedichte II Love poems II at deutsche liebeslyrik de Paul Fleming 1609 1640 Liebesgedichte III Love poems III at deutsche liebeslyrik de Fleming Paul 1870 Gedichte Leipzig F A Brockhaus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paul Fleming poet amp oldid 1180314855 Musical settings, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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