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O'Donnell dynasty

August 28, 2023

This article is about the Irish noble family. For other uses, see O'Donnell (disambiguation).
"Uí Domnaill" redirects here. For the like-named branch of the Uí Chennselaig, see Uí Domnaill (Uí Chennselaig).
Not to be confused with Clan MacDonnell of Antrim.

The O'Donnell dynasty (Irish: Ó Dónaill or Ó Domhnaill, Ó Doṁnaill or Ua Domaill; meaning "descendant of Dónal") were the dominant Irish clan of the kingdom of Tyrconnell, Ulster, in medieval Ireland.[2]

O'Donnell

Arms of O'Donnell
Parent houseNorthern Uí Néill
CountryKingdom of Tyrconnell
Founded13th (5th) century
FounderConall Gulban
Final rulerRory Ó Donnell, King of Tyrconnell
TitlesCenél Conaill:

O'Donnell:

International titles:

Cadet branchesO'Donell von Tyrconnell

Naming conventions Edit

Main article: Irish personal naming system
Male Daughter Wife (Long) Wife (Short)
Ó Domhnaill Ní Dhomhnaill Bean Uí Dhomhnaill Uí Dhomhnaill
Ó Dómnaill Ní Dhónaill Bean Uí Dhónaill Uí Dhónaill

Origins Edit

Like the family of O'Neill, that of O'Donnell of Tyrconnell was of the Uí Néill, i.e. descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, High King of Ireland at the beginning of the 5th century; the O'Neill, or Cenél nEógain, tracing their pedigree to Eógan mac Néill, and the O'Donnells, or Cenél Conaill, to Conall Gulban, both sons of Niall.[3] Conall was baptised by St. Patrick.

Arms and motto Edit

The Roman Emperor Constantine the Great converted to Christianity after a vision before the famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge, having seen a chi-rho in the sky, and thence the motto In Hoc Signo Vinces, telling him he would be victorious with the sign of the cross. The chi-rho was adopted on a banner, the labarum, upheld on a vexillum, which resembled a Christian cross, and in time the motto became associated with the Cross all over Europe. Legend has it that St. Patrick struck the shield of Conall, son of King Niall of the Nine Hostages, with his crosier, called Bachal Isu (the staff of Jesus) inscribing thereon a sign of the cross and told him the same, and baptized him. According to the Life and Acts of Saint Patrick (chapter 138), commissioned by Sir John de Courcy and written by Jocelyn of Furness (c. 1185 AD), St. Patrick took his staff, known as the staff of Jesus, or Bacall Iosa, and struck the shield of Prince Conall, rendering a sign of the Cross on it, “et mox cum baculo suo, qui baculus Jesu dicebatur Crucis signum ejus scuto impressit, asserens neminem de stirpe ejus in bello vincendum qui signum illud”, and thus indicating that he and his offspring would henceforth be victorious in battle if they followed that sign[4] This legend is also described several centuries later in the Lebhar Inghine i Dhomhnaill.[5] His land became Tír Chonaill, Tyrconnell, the land of Conall.

Conall's Constantinian shield, and this motto, have been the main O’Donnell arms[6] in various forms, through the centuries. The motto also appears prominently placed as a motto on a ribbon unfurled with a passion cross to its left, beneath a window over the Scala Regia, adjacent to Bernini's equestrian statue of Emperor Constantine, in the Vatican. Emperors and other monarchs, having paid respects to the Pope, descended the Scala Regia, and would observe the light shining down through the window, with the motto, reminiscent of Constantine's vision, and be reminded to follow the Cross. They would thence turn right into the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica, ostensibly so inspired. In an earlier version (before Bernini's renovations in the mid-17th century), something similar may have resonated with and been observed by Prince Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell following his visit to Pope Paul V (at the Palazzo Quirinale) in Rome, just prior to his death in 1608. It would certainly have resonated with and been observed by Cardinal Patrick O'Donnell.

Territory Edit

Tyrconnell, the territory named after the Cenel Conaill, is the vast territory where the O'Donnells held sway, comprised the greater part of the modern county of Donegal except the peninsula of Inishowen.[3] But it also included areas outside Donegal, such as the baronies of Carbury in County Sligo, Rosclogher in County Leitrim, and Magheraboy and Firlurg in County Fermanagh, and part of southern County Londonderry, hence it straddled the modern Republic of Ireland and also part of Northern Ireland in the UK. The jewel in the O'Donnell crown was Donegal Castle, one of seven O'Donnell castles, and now a national monument partially restored by the Office of Public Works.[citation needed] Tyrconnell also, therefore, bordered on territory ruled by the O'Neills of Tyrone, who were periodically attempting to assert their claim of supremacy over it, and hence the history of the O'Donnells is, for the most part, a record of clan warfare with their powerful neighbours, and of their own efforts to make good their claims to the overlordship of northern Connacht,[3] and a wider swathe of Ulster. Nonetheless, Tyrconnell existed for a period as an independent kingdom, recognised by King Henry III of England.[7]

Ascendancy Edit

Gofraidh Ó Domhnaill, the first chieftain, was son of Domhnall Mór Ó Domhnaill. In 1257, Gofraidh was victorious when he went to battle at Creadran-Cille against Maurice FitzGerald.[8] Upon Gofraidh's death, subsequent to wounds incurred during the battle against Ó Néill,[citation needed] he was succeeded in the chieftainship by his brother Domhnall Óg, who returned from Scotland in time to withstand successfully the demands of Ó Néill.[3] Over time, the O'Donnell King of Tyrconnell became known as the Fisher-King, on the Continent,[9] ostensibly due to the export of fish traded for wine in La Rochelle.[10]

Patronage by the O'Donnell dynasty Edit

The O'Donnells were patrons of the arts, literature, and of religious benefices. In particular, one, Manus, wrote the biography of ColmCille (St. Columba). They also were the patrons of the Franciscans in Donegal Abbey. They also exercised "jus patronus" to nominate bishops.

In the early 14th century A.D., the O'Donnell rulers aided Templar knights fleeing via Sligo and Tyrconnell to Scotland where a Templar priory existed at Ballymote [3], a Percival family estate for the last 300 years.

The O’Donnell rulers of Tyrconnell are also noted for having in the late 12th century given sanctuary to the Donlevy dynasty of Ulaid (Ulster), after their kingdom had fallen to John de Courcy in 1177. It is in Tyrconnell that a branch of the Donlevy's became known as the MacNulty's, deriving from the Irish Mac an Ultaigh, meaning "son of the Ulsterman", in reference to their former kingdom of Ulaid.[11] During the Donlevy exile in Tyrconnell, The O’Donnell gave them the high Gaelic status of “ollahm leighis”[12][13] or his official physicians.[14]

It was in fact two of these deposed MacDonlevy (> MacNulty) royals and Roman Catholic priests thereto exiled in Tyrconnell, Fathers Muiris Ulltach in full Muiris mac Donnchadh Ulltach Ó Duinnshléibhe and Muiris Ulltach in full Muiris mac Seaán Ulltach Ó Duinnshléibhe, who both along with the Archbishop of Tuam attended Hugh Roe O'Donnell (aka Red Hugh O’Donnell), The O'Donnell of 1601 Kinsale fame, in his exile at his death bed at Simancas Castle in Spain in 1602. And, it was, in turn, an Irish Count O’Donnell, who compassionately married the widow (d. 1708) of Don-Levi, a Jacobite (Jacobitism) and, thereby, on James II of England's and his French allied's failure to reclaim his British crowns, the last The MacDonlevy to sit in Ireland (departed 1691), after this prince died in exile with the Stuarts in France at the Archbishopric of Treves. This union of the MacDonlevy and the O'Donnell, though, bore no issue.[15]

In the absence of these indulgences of the O’Donnell dynasty kings having maintained the MacDonlevy and MacNulty physicians as a dignified community, it is debatable whether they could have so influenced the course of western medicine, educating and training Niall Ó Glacáin (L. Nellanus Glacanus) in the medical arts, so he could later on the Continent apply empirical method to pioneer the field of forensic anatomy and pathology, first describe the petechial haemorrhages of the lung and swelling of the spleen incident of bubonic plague (Tractatus de Peste, 1629), and early elucidate the empirical method of differential diagnosis for the continental European medical community, and producing the medieval physician and medical scholar Cormac MacDonlevy translator from Latin to vernacular of Bernard de Gordon's Lilium Medicine, Gaulteris Agilon's De dosibus and Gui de Chuliac's Chirurgia.

Later in the early 13th century, the O’Donnell also gave succour to the Ó Cléirigh kings of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne. Onara Ultach was descended from the MacDonlevy (dynasty) royals of Ulidia (kingdom), who as above noted after the fall of that Ulster kingdom to the Anglo-Norman forces of Henry Plantagenet served as ollam lieghis or the official physicians to the O'Donnell kings of Tyrconnell. Onara married Donnchadh Ó Cléirigh, a son of the Chief of the name of the Ó Cléirigh family then also of Tyconnell. The Ó Cléirigh were too a learned Irish royal family that had lost their sub-kingdom in Uí Fiachrach Aidhne in what is today County Galway to the Anglo-Norman forces of Henry Plantagenet. The Ó Cléirigh then went into service of the O’Donnell as poet historians, scribes and secretaries or official bards, called in Irish language "ollam righ". Onara bore for Donnchadh a son Mícheál Ó Cléirigh (c. 1590 – 1643), anglicized Michael O’Cleary, who matured to become the principal author of the Annals of the Four Masters. But for the manifold grace of the O’Donnell, this union would never have occurred, and Michael O’Cleary never lived to memorialize this history of Gaelic Ireland.

Royal Household Edit

The Royal Household was known in Gaelic as "Lucht Tighe" and comprised several offices that were performed on a hereditary basis by the heads and members of particular other families, for over four centuries.

Later struggles and diaspora Edit

The O'Donnells defeated the O'Neills in the 1522 Battle of Knockavoe. In 1541 Manus O'Donnell took part in the "Surrender and regrant" process. In 1567 the O'Donnells won the Battle of Farsetmore against the O'Neills, reconfirming their autonomy in Ulster.

 
Hugh Albert O’Donnell (later 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell), at 10 years of age as a page at the court of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria.

During the Nine Years' War of 1594-1603, the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell played a leading part, led by the famous Prince Red Hugh O'Donnell. Under his leadership, and that of his ally Hugh O'Neill, they advanced to Kinsale and laid siege to the English forces in anticipation of a Spanish invasion. En route, they implanted some O'Donnell kinsmen in Ardfert and Lixnaw to protect the territories of their ally, FitzMaurice, Lord of Kerry. The Battle of Kinsale was lost in 1601, heralding the end of the Gaelic order and Brehon Laws in Ireland, and the completion of the Elizabethan conquest. Following the Treaty of Mellifont of 1603 the new King James I pardoned Rory O'Donnell and created him Earl of Tyrconnell in the Irish peerage.

Rory then joined in the Flight of the Earls in 1607, which led to the title becoming attainted in 1614,[16] and Tyrconnell and Ulster being colonised in the Plantation of Ulster.[citation needed] He died in exile in Rome on 28 July 1608.[16]

Upon Rory O'Donnell's death in 1608, his son Hugh, who took the additional name Albert at his confirmation, under the patronage of Archduke Albert, succeeded to the title as 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell (which title was attainted in 1614 by the Crown but which attainder did not have any effect on his use of it in the Spanish realm) and thus the last titular earl of Tyrconnell was this Rory's son Hugh Albert, who died without heirs in 1642, and who by his will appointed Hugh Balldearg O'Donnell his heir. To a still elder branch belonged Daniel O'Donnell (1666–1735), a general of the Irish Brigade in the French service, whose father, Turlough, was a son of Hugh Duff O'Donnell, brother of Manus, son of an earlier Hugh Duff. Daniel served in the French army in the wars of the period, fighting against Duke of Marlborough at the battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet at the head of an O'Donnell regiment.[16]

Succession Edit

The head of the dynasty was traditionally also called "The O'Donnell", and inaugurated as Chieftain in an elaborate ceremony, under the Laws of Tanistry, part of the ancient Brehon Code of Law. Since the collapse of Gaelic Rule and the Brehon legal system, the putative succession of the "Chiefs of the Name" has followed the principle of male primogeniture.

On the basis of the information available at the time, the Chief Herald of Ireland recognised John O'Donel of the Larkfield branch as Chief of the Name, and he was so gazetted on 11 September 1945 in Iris Oifigiuil, bearing the courtesy title of "The O'Donnell", and who was later inaugurated as Chief of the Name, The O'Donnell (Ua Domhnaill) in Donegal at the O'Donnell Clan rally in Easter 1954.[17] His son was the last in the Larkfield line of Chiefs of the Name of O'Donnell of Tyrconnell, namely Fr. Hugh Ambrose O'Donel, O.F.M., who adopted the modern version of the name 'O'Donnell', a Franciscan priest in Killiney, retired from missionary work in Zimbabwe, who passed away peacefully on 11 July 2023.[18] Although Fr. Hugh was never inaugurated as Chief of the Name, his Tánaiste (heir apparent) as The O'Donnell of Tyrconnell, Chief of the Name of O'Donnell, was commonly held to be S.E. Don Hugo O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan, a Grandee of Spain. He is known as S.E. Don Hugo O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada - the latter appendant Duque de Estrada is not a title but a maternal family name. Don Hugo is an active member of the Clan Association of the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell, and a member of the nobiliary Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, i.e. a Knight of Malta. However, following advice of the Attorney General, in 2003 the Genealogical Office discontinued the practice of recognising Chiefs.[19]

Descendants Edit

Recent times Edit

Cardinal Patrick O'Donnell was probably the next most famous O'Donnell to emerge in Ireland after the exile of Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell. Thomas O'Donnell MP for West Kerry (1900–1918) was a leading agrarian reformer, and the first Member of Parliament to address the House of Commons in Westminster in the Irish language (Gaelic), but was called to order by the Speaker, but not without having made his mark with John Redmond's support. There is currently an Irish Senator from County Donegal named Brian o Domhnaill (o Donnell).

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ The Gazette, London, 2019
  2. ^ O'Cochlain, Rupert S (1950). The O'Donnells of Tirconaill. Journal of the County Donegal Historical Society
  3. ^ a b c d McNeill 1911, p. 6.
  4. ^ Life and Acts of Saint Patrick, by Jocelyn of Furness (chapter 138)s:The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter CXXXVIII.
  5. ^ Lebhar Inghine i Dhomhnaill (The Book of O'Donnell's Daughter), a medieval Gaelic manuscript finished in the early 1600s in the Irish Franciscan College in Louvain, and lodged today in the Bibliotheque Royale in Brussels (Ms reference 6131-3). Examples of the arms registered date back to 1567 at least, when Sir Hugh Dubh O'Donnell was knighted by Sir Henry Sidney (see Genealogical Office Manuscript "Knights Dubbed" no.51, page 115)
  6. ^ An exemplification can be found in those of Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, in Manuscript 34 of the Genealogical Office under the Chief Herald of Ireland
  7. ^ see Close Roll, in the Tower of London, 28 Hen. 3m.7[better source needed]
  8. ^ Cosgrove, Art, ed. (2008). A new history of Ireland (1. publ. in paperb. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199539703.
  9. ^ O’Domhnaill Abu, Newsletter of the O’Donnell Clan Association, Issue no. 17, page 2
  10. ^ Simms, Katherine. Late Medieval Donegal, chapter 6 in Donegal History and Society – Interdisciplinary Essays etc. edited by Nolan, Ronayne, & Donleavy, Geography Publications, Dublin, 1995
  11. ^ Rev. Patrick Woulfe, Priest of the Diocese of Limerick, Member of the Council, National Academy of Ireland, Irish Names and Surnames, © 1967 Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, in Irish and English, p. 518, “O’Duįnnsléibe … also known by surname MacDuįnnsléibe … and by their place of origin Ultaċ and Utaċán.”, and, also, at p. 356 “… also Ultaċ and Utaċán, …” and “Cf. Ultaċ and Utaċán.”
  12. ^ A. Nic Donnchadha, “Medical Writing in Irish”, in 2000 Years of Irish Medicine, J.B. Lyons, ed., Dublin, Eirinn Health Care Publications © 2000, p. 217, noting the MacDonlevy as one of the ancient hereditary Irish medical families (Nic Donchadha contribution reprinted from Irish Journal of Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 3, pp 217-220, again, at 217).
  13. ^ Susan Wilkinson, “Early Medical Education in Ireland”, Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, Vol. 6, No. 3 (November 2008) pp 157-158, discussing the high status that physicians were accorded in ancient Gaelic society and, specifically, the particularly high status of "ollahm leighis". Wilkinson also alludes that the high status accorded the king’s physician was due in no small part to the fact that many a battle-wounded Gaelic chief owed his life to these skilled physicians and field surgeons, “Every Irish chieftain was accompanied into battle by his personal liaig, and not a few owed their lives – following near-fatal spear or sword injuries – to the skills of their Druid physician.” and, also, at footnote 2 of cite “The word “liaig” means ‘leech’, an archaic term for a doctor or healer. The term is often used for a Druidic doctor in ancient texts.” Leeching (medical) for millennia was in Ireland as elsewhere a commonly employed ancient medical practice.
  14. ^ Edward MacLysaght, The Surnames of Ireland, 5th Edition, Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1980, p 238, 292, who cites to 2 entries in The Annals of the Four Masters, which is a historical chronicle that records, among other matter, the births and deaths of Gaelic nobility. The first entry cited is an entry recording the 1395 A.D. death of a Maurice, the son of one “Paul Utach”, who is, himself, recorded there to be “Chief Physician of Tyrconnell” and also as “Paul the Ulidian”. It is there in the Annals further stated by its authors of the father Paul Ultach that “This is the present usual Irish name of the Mac Donlevy, who were originally chiefs of Ulidia. The branch of the family who became physicians to O’Donnell are still extant (at the time of compilation of the Annals in the 17th century just after the fall of this last Gaelic sovereignty of Tirchonaill, itself, in 1607), near Kilmacrenan, in the county of Donegal.” The second citation is to an entry recording the 1586 A.D. death of "Owen Utach", who is therein noted to be a particularly distinguished and skilled physician. The Annals compilers further elaborate of Owen Ultach at this entry that “His real name was Donlevy or, Mac Donlevy. He was physician to O’Donnell.”
  15. ^ John O’Hart, Irish Pedigrees; or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation, 5th edition, in two volumes, originally published in Dublin in 1892, reprinted, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1976, Vol. 1, p. 417
  16. ^ a b c McNeill 1911, p. 8.
  17. ^ The O'Donnell Clan Revival, Journal of the Genealogical Society of Ireland, Journal 2021, Volume 22 [1]
  18. ^ Obituary Notice of the Irish Franciscans [2]
  19. ^ Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland (.PDF file)

References Edit

  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: McNeill, Ronald John (1911). "O'Donnell". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 6–8.

Further reading Edit

  • O'Donnell, Francis Martin (2018). The O'Donnells of Tyrconnel – A Hidden Legacy. Academia Press. ISBN 978-1680534740.
  • O'Donnell, Vincent (2007). O'Donnells of Tyrconnell - A Concise History of the O'Donnell Clan. Dalach. ISBN 978-0955562501.
  • The Life of Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Prince of Tyrconnell (Beatha Aodh Ruadh O Domhnaill) by Lughaidh O'Cleirigh. Edited by Paul Walsh and Colm Ó Lochlainn. Irish Texts Society, vol. 42. Dublin: Educational Company of Ireland, 1948 (original Gaelic manuscript in the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin).
  • Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) by the Four Masters, from the earliest period to the year 1616, compiled during the period 1632-1636 by Brother Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, translated and edited by John O'Donovan in 1856, and re-published in 1998 by De Burca, Dublin.
  • Burke, Sir Bernard (1866), "O'Donnell–Earl of Tyrconnell", A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, Harrison, pp. 408–410
  • Vicissitudes of Families, by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, published by Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, Paternoster Row, London, 1861. (Chapter on O’Donnells, pages 125-148).
  • A View of the Legal Institutions, Honorary Hereditary Offices, and Feudal Baronies established in Ireland, by William Lynch, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, published by Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, Paternoster Row, London, 1830 (O’Donnell: page 190, remainder to Earl’s patent).
  • The Fate and Fortunes of the Earls of Tyrone (Hugh O’Neill) and Tyrconnel (Rory O’Donel), their flight from Ireland and death in exile, by the Rev. C. P. Meehan, M.R.I.A., 2nd edition, James Duffy, London, 1870.
  • The Fighting Prince of Donegal, A Walt Disney Film, made in 1966 about the life of Prince Red Hugh O’Donnell (i.e. Hugh Roe), starring Peter McEnery, Susan Hampshire, Gordon Jackson, and Andrew Keir.
  • Erin’s Blood Royal – The Gaelic Noble Dynasties of Ireland, by Peter Berresford Ellis, Constable, London, 1999, (pages 251-258 on the O’Donel, Prince of Tyrconnell).
  • Blood Royal - From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II, by Charles Mosley (genealogist), published for Ruvigny Ltd., London, 2002 (O'Donnell listed as Baron, page v) ISBN 0-9524229-9-9
  • History of Killeen Castle, by Mary Rose Carty, published by Carty/Lynch, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, April 1991 (ISBN 0-9517382-0-8) - page 18 refers to Elizabeth O'Donnell as 1st Countess of Fingal, by marriage to Lucas Plunkett, 1st Earl of Fingall.
  • Vanishing Kingdoms - The Irish Chiefs and Their Families, by Walter J. P. Curley (former US Ambassador to Ireland), with foreword by Charles Lysaght, published by The Lilliput Press, Dublin, 2004 [ISBN 1-84351-055-3 & ISBN 1-84351-056-1]. (Chapter on O'Donnell of Tyrconnell, page 59).
  • A Political Odyssey - Thomas O'Donnell, by J. Anthony Gaughan, Kingdom Books, Dublin, 1983.

External links Edit

  • Official Website of the O’Donnell Clan Association
  • Ó Domhnail by Francis Martin O'Donnell

August 28, 2023
donnell, dynasty, this, article, about, irish, noble, family, other, uses, donnell, disambiguation, domnaill, redirects, here, like, named, branch, chennselaig, domnaill, chennselaig, confused, with, clan, macdonnell, antrim, irish, dónaill, domhnaill, doṁnail. This article is about the Irish noble family For other uses see O Donnell disambiguation Ui Domnaill redirects here For the like named branch of the Ui Chennselaig see Ui Domnaill Ui Chennselaig Not to be confused with Clan MacDonnell of Antrim The O Donnell dynasty Irish o Donaill or o Domhnaill o Doṁnaill or Ua Domaill meaning descendant of Donal were the dominant Irish clan of the kingdom of Tyrconnell Ulster in medieval Ireland 2 O DonnellArms of O DonnellParent houseNorthern Ui NeillCountryKingdom of TyrconnellFounded13th 5th centuryFounderConall GulbanFinal rulerRory o Donnell King of TyrconnellTitlesCenel Conaill Kings of Tara High Kings of Ireland Kings of Tyrconnell Protectors of Dal RiataO Donnell Kings of Tyrconnell King of Leth Cuinn Prince of Durlass Thurles Lord of Lower ConnachtInternational titles Prince of Tyrconnell Earl of Tyrconnell Duke of Tetuan Marquisate of Altamira Comte O Donnell Count of Lucena Count of La Bisbal Count O Donel von Tyrconnell Viscount of Aliaga Baron of Fingal 1 Baron of Donegal Baron of Lifford O Donnell baronetsCadet branchesO Donell von Tyrconnell Contents 1 Naming conventions 2 Origins 3 Arms and motto 4 Territory 5 Ascendancy 6 Patronage by the O Donnell dynasty 7 Royal Household 8 Later struggles and diaspora 9 Succession 10 Descendants 11 Recent times 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External linksNaming conventions EditMain article Irish personal naming system Male Daughter Wife Long Wife Short o Domhnaill Ni Dhomhnaill Bean Ui Dhomhnaill Ui Dhomhnaillo Domnaill Ni Dhonaill Bean Ui Dhonaill Ui DhonaillOrigins EditLike the family of O Neill that of O Donnell of Tyrconnell was of the Ui Neill i e descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages High King of Ireland at the beginning of the 5th century the O Neill or Cenel nEogain tracing their pedigree to Eogan mac Neill and the O Donnells or Cenel Conaill to Conall Gulban both sons of Niall 3 Conall was baptised by St Patrick Arms and motto EditThe Roman Emperor Constantine the Great converted to Christianity after a vision before the famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge having seen a chi rho in the sky and thence the motto In Hoc Signo Vinces telling him he would be victorious with the sign of the cross The chi rho was adopted on a banner the labarum upheld on a vexillum which resembled a Christian cross and in time the motto became associated with the Cross all over Europe Legend has it that St Patrick struck the shield of Conall son of King Niall of the Nine Hostages with his crosier called Bachal Isu the staff of Jesus inscribing thereon a sign of the cross and told him the same and baptized him According to the Life and Acts of Saint Patrick chapter 138 commissioned by Sir John de Courcy and written by Jocelyn of Furness c 1185 AD St Patrick took his staff known as the staff of Jesus or Bacall Iosa and struck the shield of Prince Conall rendering a sign of the Cross on it et mox cum baculo suo qui baculus Jesu dicebatur Crucis signum ejus scuto impressit asserens neminem de stirpe ejus in bello vincendum qui signum illud and thus indicating that he and his offspring would henceforth be victorious in battle if they followed that sign 4 This legend is also described several centuries later in the Lebhar Inghine i Dhomhnaill 5 His land became Tir Chonaill Tyrconnell the land of Conall Conall s Constantinian shield and this motto have been the main O Donnell arms 6 in various forms through the centuries The motto also appears prominently placed as a motto on a ribbon unfurled with a passion cross to its left beneath a window over the Scala Regia adjacent to Bernini s equestrian statue of Emperor Constantine in the Vatican Emperors and other monarchs having paid respects to the Pope descended the Scala Regia and would observe the light shining down through the window with the motto reminiscent of Constantine s vision and be reminded to follow the Cross They would thence turn right into the atrium of St Peter s Basilica ostensibly so inspired In an earlier version before Bernini s renovations in the mid 17th century something similar may have resonated with and been observed by Prince Rory O Donnell 1st Earl of Tyrconnell following his visit to Pope Paul V at the Palazzo Quirinale in Rome just prior to his death in 1608 It would certainly have resonated with and been observed by Cardinal Patrick O Donnell Territory EditTyrconnell the territory named after the Cenel Conaill is the vast territory where the O Donnells held sway comprised the greater part of the modern county of Donegal except the peninsula of Inishowen 3 But it also included areas outside Donegal such as the baronies of Carbury in County Sligo Rosclogher in County Leitrim and Magheraboy and Firlurg in County Fermanagh and part of southern County Londonderry hence it straddled the modern Republic of Ireland and also part of Northern Ireland in the UK The jewel in the O Donnell crown was Donegal Castle one of seven O Donnell castles and now a national monument partially restored by the Office of Public Works citation needed Tyrconnell also therefore bordered on territory ruled by the O Neills of Tyrone who were periodically attempting to assert their claim of supremacy over it and hence the history of the O Donnells is for the most part a record of clan warfare with their powerful neighbours and of their own efforts to make good their claims to the overlordship of northern Connacht 3 and a wider swathe of Ulster Nonetheless Tyrconnell existed for a period as an independent kingdom recognised by King Henry III of England 7 Ascendancy EditGofraidh o Domhnaill the first chieftain was son of Domhnall Mor o Domhnaill In 1257 Gofraidh was victorious when he went to battle at Creadran Cille against Maurice FitzGerald 8 Upon Gofraidh s death subsequent to wounds incurred during the battle against o Neill citation needed he was succeeded in the chieftainship by his brother Domhnall og who returned from Scotland in time to withstand successfully the demands of o Neill 3 Over time the O Donnell King of Tyrconnell became known as the Fisher King on the Continent 9 ostensibly due to the export of fish traded for wine in La Rochelle 10 Patronage by the O Donnell dynasty EditThe O Donnells were patrons of the arts literature and of religious benefices In particular one Manus wrote the biography of ColmCille St Columba They also were the patrons of the Franciscans in Donegal Abbey They also exercised jus patronus to nominate bishops In the early 14th century A D the O Donnell rulers aided Templar knights fleeing via Sligo and Tyrconnell to Scotland where a Templar priory existed at Ballymote 3 a Percival family estate for the last 300 years The O Donnell rulers of Tyrconnell are also noted for having in the late 12th century given sanctuary to the Donlevy dynasty of Ulaid Ulster after their kingdom had fallen to John de Courcy in 1177 It is in Tyrconnell that a branch of the Donlevy s became known as the MacNulty s deriving from the Irish Mac an Ultaigh meaning son of the Ulsterman in reference to their former kingdom of Ulaid 11 During the Donlevy exile in Tyrconnell The O Donnell gave them the high Gaelic status of ollahm leighis 12 13 or his official physicians 14 It was in fact two of these deposed MacDonlevy gt MacNulty royals and Roman Catholic priests thereto exiled in Tyrconnell Fathers Muiris Ulltach in full Muiris mac Donnchadh Ulltach o Duinnshleibhe and Muiris Ulltach in full Muiris mac Seaan Ulltach o Duinnshleibhe who both along with the Archbishop of Tuam attended Hugh Roe O Donnell aka Red Hugh O Donnell The O Donnell of 1601 Kinsale fame in his exile at his death bed at Simancas Castle in Spain in 1602 And it was in turn an Irish Count O Donnell who compassionately married the widow d 1708 of Don Levi a Jacobite Jacobitism and thereby on James II of England s and his French allied s failure to reclaim his British crowns the last The MacDonlevy to sit in Ireland departed 1691 after this prince died in exile with the Stuarts in France at the Archbishopric of Treves This union of the MacDonlevy and the O Donnell though bore no issue 15 In the absence of these indulgences of the O Donnell dynasty kings having maintained the MacDonlevy and MacNulty physicians as a dignified community it is debatable whether they could have so influenced the course of western medicine educating and training Niall o Glacain L Nellanus Glacanus in the medical arts so he could later on the Continent apply empirical method to pioneer the field of forensic anatomy and pathology first describe the petechial haemorrhages of the lung and swelling of the spleen incident of bubonic plague Tractatus de Peste 1629 and early elucidate the empirical method of differential diagnosis for the continental European medical community and producing the medieval physician and medical scholar Cormac MacDonlevy translator from Latin to vernacular of Bernard de Gordon s Lilium Medicine Gaulteris Agilon s De dosibus and Gui de Chuliac s Chirurgia Later in the early 13th century the O Donnell also gave succour to the o Cleirigh kings of Ui Fiachrach Aidhne Onara Ultach was descended from the MacDonlevy dynasty royals of Ulidia kingdom who as above noted after the fall of that Ulster kingdom to the Anglo Norman forces of Henry Plantagenet served as ollam lieghis or the official physicians to the O Donnell kings of Tyrconnell Onara married Donnchadh o Cleirigh a son of the Chief of the name of the o Cleirigh family then also of Tyconnell The o Cleirigh were too a learned Irish royal family that had lost their sub kingdom in Ui Fiachrach Aidhne in what is today County Galway to the Anglo Norman forces of Henry Plantagenet The o Cleirigh then went into service of the O Donnell as poet historians scribes and secretaries or official bards called in Irish language ollam righ Onara bore for Donnchadh a son Micheal o Cleirigh c 1590 1643 anglicized Michael O Cleary who matured to become the principal author of the Annals of the Four Masters But for the manifold grace of the O Donnell this union would never have occurred and Michael O Cleary never lived to memorialize this history of Gaelic Ireland Royal Household EditThe Royal Household was known in Gaelic as Lucht Tighe and comprised several offices that were performed on a hereditary basis by the heads and members of particular other families for over four centuries Lector amp Inaugurator of the Chieftaincy O Friel o Frighil Gallowglass Marshalls amp Standard Bearers McSweeney Mac Suibhne Commanders of Cavalry O Gallagher o Gallchobhair Custodians of the Cathach of St Columba Roarty Mac Robhartaigh Historians and Scribes O Clery o Cleirigh formerly kings of Ui Fiachrach Aidhne Brehons or Judges Breslin o Breaslain Bards amp Poets Ward Mac an Bhaird Physicians Donleavy Mac Duinnshleibhe formerly Kings of Ulster Dal Fiatach of Ulaid Herenagh of church lands Custodians of Donegal Castle amp Ballyshannon Castle McMenamin Mac Meanman Stockmen Cattle Drivers Timoney o Tiomanaigh Later struggles and diaspora EditThe O Donnells defeated the O Neills in the 1522 Battle of Knockavoe In 1541 Manus O Donnell took part in the Surrender and regrant process In 1567 the O Donnells won the Battle of Farsetmore against the O Neills reconfirming their autonomy in Ulster Hugh Albert O Donnell later 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell at 10 years of age as a page at the court of Albert VII Archduke of Austria During the Nine Years War of 1594 1603 the O Donnells of Tyrconnell played a leading part led by the famous Prince Red Hugh O Donnell Under his leadership and that of his ally Hugh O Neill they advanced to Kinsale and laid siege to the English forces in anticipation of a Spanish invasion En route they implanted some O Donnell kinsmen in Ardfert and Lixnaw to protect the territories of their ally FitzMaurice Lord of Kerry The Battle of Kinsale was lost in 1601 heralding the end of the Gaelic order and Brehon Laws in Ireland and the completion of the Elizabethan conquest Following the Treaty of Mellifont of 1603 the new King James I pardoned Rory O Donnell and created him Earl of Tyrconnell in the Irish peerage Rory then joined in the Flight of the Earls in 1607 which led to the title becoming attainted in 1614 16 and Tyrconnell and Ulster being colonised in the Plantation of Ulster citation needed He died in exile in Rome on 28 July 1608 16 Upon Rory O Donnell s death in 1608 his son Hugh who took the additional name Albert at his confirmation under the patronage of Archduke Albert succeeded to the title as 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell which title was attainted in 1614 by the Crown but which attainder did not have any effect on his use of it in the Spanish realm and thus the last titular earl of Tyrconnell was this Rory s son Hugh Albert who died without heirs in 1642 and who by his will appointed Hugh Balldearg O Donnell his heir To a still elder branch belonged Daniel O Donnell 1666 1735 a general of the Irish Brigade in the French service whose father Turlough was a son of Hugh Duff O Donnell brother of Manus son of an earlier Hugh Duff Daniel served in the French army in the wars of the period fighting against Duke of Marlborough at the battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet at the head of an O Donnell regiment 16 Succession EditThe head of the dynasty was traditionally also called The O Donnell and inaugurated as Chieftain in an elaborate ceremony under the Laws of Tanistry part of the ancient Brehon Code of Law Since the collapse of Gaelic Rule and the Brehon legal system the putative succession of the Chiefs of the Name has followed the principle of male primogeniture On the basis of the information available at the time the Chief Herald of Ireland recognised John O Donel of the Larkfield branch as Chief of the Name and he was so gazetted on 11 September 1945 in Iris Oifigiuil bearing the courtesy title of The O Donnell and who was later inaugurated as Chief of the Name The O Donnell Ua Domhnaill in Donegal at the O Donnell Clan rally in Easter 1954 17 His son was the last in the Larkfield line of Chiefs of the Name of O Donnell of Tyrconnell namely Fr Hugh Ambrose O Donel O F M who adopted the modern version of the name O Donnell a Franciscan priest in Killiney retired from missionary work in Zimbabwe who passed away peacefully on 11 July 2023 18 Although Fr Hugh was never inaugurated as Chief of the Name his Tanaiste heir apparent as The O Donnell of Tyrconnell Chief of the Name of O Donnell was commonly held to be S E Don Hugo O Donnell Duke of Tetuan a Grandee of Spain He is known as S E Don Hugo O Donnell y Duque de Estrada the latter appendant Duque de Estrada is not a title but a maternal family name Don Hugo is an active member of the Clan Association of the O Donnells of Tyrconnell and a member of the nobiliary Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta i e a Knight of Malta However following advice of the Attorney General in 2003 the Genealogical Office discontinued the practice of recognising Chiefs 19 Descendants EditMelaghlin O Donnell d 1247 The O Donnell King of Tyrconnell son of King Domhnall Mor O Donnell Gofraid O Donnell d 1257 The O Donnell King of Tyrconnell son of Domhnall Mor O Donnell Donnell og O Donnell c 1242 1281 The O Donnell crowned King of Tyrconnell in Raphoe Cathedral in 1258 Hugh Roe O Donnell the 1st The O Donnell King of Tyrconnell builder of Donegal Castle d 1505 Sir Hugh Duff O Donnell The O Donnell King of Tyrconnell d 1537 Manus O Donnell 1490 1564 The O Donnell King of Tyrconnell biographer of Saint Colmcille or Columba Calvagh O Donnell d 1566 The O Donnell 22nd Chieftain and Lord of Tyrconnell Sir Hugh O Donnell c 1540 1601 The O Donnell King of Tyrconnell Sir Donnell O Donnell d 1590 Seneschal of Tyrconnell and Sheriff of Donegal eldest son of Sir Hugh O Donnell King Nuala O Donnell 1565 1630 daughter of Sir Hugh Dubh O Donnell King Conn O Donnell d 1583 of Lifford son of Calvagh and father of Niall Garve Conn Oge O Donnell d 1601 of Lifford youngest son of Conn brother of Niall Garve Niall Garve O Donnell 1569 1626 Lord of Lifford Hugh Roe o Donnell 1572 1601 The O Donnell 24th Chieftain Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell Rory O Donnell 1st Earl of Tyrconnell 1575 1608 The O Donnell Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell Hugh O Donnell 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell 1606 1642 Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell Mary Stuart O Donnell 1607 c 1639 Irish noblewoman daughter of Rory The O Donnell Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell Daniel O Donnell Irish Brigade 1666 1735 brigadier general in the Irish Brigade in the French service Karl O Donnell 1715 1771 Count of Tyrconnell Henry O Donnell 1769 1834 Count of La Bisbal Irish Spanish nobleman de Joseph Heinrich O Donnell Maurice O Donnell de Tyrconnell 1780 1843 of Pressburg also known as Moritz Graf O Donnell von Tyrconnell an Irish Austrian count Maximilian Karl Lamoral O Donnell von Tyrconnell 1812 1895 Irish Austrian count son of Maurice Moritz Jean Louis Barthelemy O Donnell 1783 1836 Irish French Count member of Napoleon s Conseil d Etat and Legion d honneur Leopoldo O Donnell 1st Duke of Tetuan 1809 1867 former Prime Minister of Spain Carlos O Donnell 2nd Duke of Tetuan 1834 1903 Spanish foreign minister and Mayordomo mayor to King Amadeo I Juan O Donnell 3rd Duke of Tetuan 1864 1928 conducted Winston Churchill on visit to Cuba Peadar O Donnell 1893 1986 radical Irish republican socialist activist and politician Patrick O Donnell cardinal 1856 1927 of Glenties Irish nationalist Bishop of Raphoe Archbishop of Armagh and Cardinal Denis O Donnell 1875 1933 Entrepreneur Founder of Lee Strand Cooperative Creamery Patrick Denis O Donnell 1922 2005 Commandant Irish Defence Forces UN peacekeeper military historian and author Francis Martin O Donnell b 1954 Ambassador Knight of Malta papal knight trustee director former UN senior representative author Guillermo O Donnell 1936 2011 Argentine political scientist professor author and international activist for democracy Hugo O Donnell 7th Duke of Tetuan b 1948 Spanish naval historian and Knight of Malta O Donnell baronets of Newport House recovered amp entrusted Cathach of St Columba to the Royal Irish Academy An 1849 depiction of Bridget O Donnell and her two children during the famine Leopoldo O Donnell 1st Duke of Tetuan Maximilian Karl Lamoral O Donnell von Tyrconnell 1860 Maximilian Karl Lamoral Graf O Donnell von Tyrconnell coat of armsRecent times EditCardinal Patrick O Donnell was probably the next most famous O Donnell to emerge in Ireland after the exile of Rory O Donnell 1st Earl of Tyrconnell Thomas O Donnell MP for West Kerry 1900 1918 was a leading agrarian reformer and the first Member of Parliament to address the House of Commons in Westminster in the Irish language Gaelic but was called to order by the Speaker but not without having made his mark with John Redmond s support There is currently an Irish Senator from County Donegal named Brian o Domhnaill o Donnell See also EditIrish nobility Gaelic nobility of Ireland O Donnell AbuNotes Edit The Gazette London 2019 O Cochlain Rupert S 1950 The O Donnells of Tirconaill Journal of the County Donegal Historical Society a b c d McNeill 1911 p 6 Life and Acts of Saint Patrick by Jocelyn of Furness chapter 138 s The Life and Acts of St Patrick Chapter CXXXVIII Lebhar Inghine i Dhomhnaill The Book of O Donnell s Daughter a medieval Gaelic manuscript finished in the early 1600s in the Irish Franciscan College in Louvain and lodged today in the Bibliotheque Royale in Brussels Ms reference 6131 3 Examples of the arms registered date back to 1567 at least when Sir Hugh Dubh O Donnell was knighted by Sir Henry Sidney see Genealogical Office Manuscript Knights Dubbed no 51 page 115 An exemplification can be found in those of Rory O Donnell 1st Earl of Tyrconnell in Manuscript 34 of the Genealogical Office under the Chief Herald of Ireland see Close Roll in the Tower of London 28 Hen 3m 7 better source needed Cosgrove Art ed 2008 A new history of Ireland 1 publ in paperb ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199539703 O Domhnaill Abu Newsletter of the O Donnell Clan Association Issue no 17 page 2 Simms Katherine Late Medieval Donegal chapter 6 in Donegal History and Society Interdisciplinary Essays etc edited by Nolan Ronayne amp Donleavy Geography Publications Dublin 1995 Rev Patrick Woulfe Priest of the Diocese of Limerick Member of the Council National Academy of Ireland Irish Names and Surnames c 1967 Baltimore Genealogical Publishing Company in Irish and English p 518 O Duįnnsleibe also known by surname MacDuįnnsleibe and by their place of origin Ultaċ and Utaċan and also at p 356 also Ultaċ and Utaċan and Cf Ultaċ and Utaċan A Nic Donnchadha Medical Writing in Irish in 2000 Years of Irish Medicine J B Lyons ed Dublin Eirinn Health Care Publications c 2000 p 217 noting the MacDonlevy as one of the ancient hereditary Irish medical families Nic Donchadha contribution reprinted from Irish Journal of Medicine Vol 169 No 3 pp 217 220 again at 217 Susan Wilkinson Early Medical Education in Ireland Irish Migration Studies in Latin America Vol 6 No 3 November 2008 pp 157 158 discussing the high status that physicians were accorded in ancient Gaelic society and specifically the particularly high status of ollahm leighis Wilkinson also alludes that the high status accorded the king s physician was due in no small part to the fact that many a battle wounded Gaelic chief owed his life to these skilled physicians and field surgeons Every Irish chieftain was accompanied into battle by his personal liaig and not a few owed their lives following near fatal spear or sword injuries to the skills of their Druid physician and also at footnote 2 of cite The word liaig means leech an archaic term for a doctor or healer The term is often used for a Druidic doctor in ancient texts Leeching medical for millennia was in Ireland as elsewhere a commonly employed ancient medical practice Edward MacLysaght The Surnames of Ireland 5th Edition Irish Academic Press Dublin 1980 p 238 292 who cites to 2 entries in The Annals of the Four Masters which is a historical chronicle that records among other matter the births and deaths of Gaelic nobility The first entry cited is an entry recording the 1395 A D death of a Maurice the son of one Paul Utach who is himself recorded there to be Chief Physician of Tyrconnell and also as Paul the Ulidian It is there in the Annals further stated by its authors of the father Paul Ultach that This is the present usual Irish name of the Mac Donlevy who were originally chiefs of Ulidia The branch of the family who became physicians to O Donnell are still extant at the time of compilation of the Annals in the 17th century just after the fall of this last Gaelic sovereignty of Tirchonaill itself in 1607 near Kilmacrenan in the county of Donegal The second citation is to an entry recording the 1586 A D death of Owen Utach who is therein noted to be a particularly distinguished and skilled physician The Annals compilers further elaborate of Owen Ultach at this entry that His real name was Donlevy or Mac Donlevy He was physician to O Donnell John O Hart Irish Pedigrees or The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation 5th edition in two volumes originally published in Dublin in 1892 reprinted Baltimore Genealogical Publishing Company 1976 Vol 1 p 417 a b c McNeill 1911 p 8 The O Donnell Clan Revival Journal of the Genealogical Society of Ireland Journal 2021 Volume 22 1 Obituary Notice of the Irish Franciscans 2 Termination of the system of Courtesy Recognition as Chief of the Name Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland PDF file References Edit This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain McNeill Ronald John 1911 O Donnell In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 20 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 6 8 Further reading EditO Donnell Francis Martin 2018 The O Donnells of Tyrconnel A Hidden Legacy Academia Press ISBN 978 1680534740 O Donnell Vincent 2007 O Donnells of Tyrconnell A Concise History of the O Donnell Clan Dalach ISBN 978 0955562501 The Life of Hugh Roe O Donnell Prince of Tyrconnell Beatha Aodh Ruadh O Domhnaill by Lughaidh O Cleirigh Edited by Paul Walsh and Colm o Lochlainn Irish Texts Society vol 42 Dublin Educational Company of Ireland 1948 original Gaelic manuscript in the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland Annala Rioghachta Eireann by the Four Masters from the earliest period to the year 1616 compiled during the period 1632 1636 by Brother Micheal o Cleirigh translated and edited by John O Donovan in 1856 and re published in 1998 by De Burca Dublin Burke Sir Bernard 1866 O Donnell Earl of Tyrconnell A Genealogical History of the Dormant Abeyant Forfeited and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire Harrison pp 408 410 Vicissitudes of Families by Sir Bernard Burke Ulster King of Arms published by Longman Green Longman and Roberts Paternoster Row London 1861 Chapter on O Donnells pages 125 148 A View of the Legal Institutions Honorary Hereditary Offices and Feudal Baronies established in Ireland by William Lynch Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries published by Longman Rees Orme Brown and Green Paternoster Row London 1830 O Donnell page 190 remainder to Earl s patent The Fate and Fortunes of the Earls of Tyrone Hugh O Neill and Tyrconnel Rory O Donel their flight from Ireland and death in exile by the Rev C P Meehan M R I A 2nd edition James Duffy London 1870 The Fighting Prince of Donegal A Walt Disney Film made in 1966 about the life of Prince Red Hugh O Donnell i e Hugh Roe starring Peter McEnery Susan Hampshire Gordon Jackson and Andrew Keir Erin s Blood Royal The Gaelic Noble Dynasties of Ireland by Peter Berresford Ellis Constable London 1999 pages 251 258 on the O Donel Prince of Tyrconnell Blood Royal From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II by Charles Mosley genealogist published for Ruvigny Ltd London 2002 O Donnell listed as Baron page v ISBN 0 9524229 9 9 History of Killeen Castle by Mary Rose Carty published by Carty Lynch Dunsany County Meath Ireland April 1991 ISBN 0 9517382 0 8 page 18 refers to Elizabeth O Donnell as 1st Countess of Fingal by marriage to Lucas Plunkett 1st Earl of Fingall Vanishing Kingdoms The Irish Chiefs and Their Families by Walter J P Curley former US Ambassador to Ireland with foreword by Charles Lysaght published by The Lilliput Press Dublin 2004 ISBN 1 84351 055 3 amp ISBN 1 84351 056 1 Chapter on O Donnell of Tyrconnell page 59 A Political Odyssey Thomas O Donnell by J Anthony Gaughan Kingdom Books Dublin 1983 External links EditOfficial Website of the O Donnell Clan Association o Domhnail by Francis Martin O Donnell Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title O 27Donnell dynasty amp oldid 1169957097, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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