Nyctibatrachidae
Nyctibatrachidae is a small family of frogs found in the Western Ghats of India and in Sri Lanka.[1] Their common name is robust frogs.[2] Recognition of Nyctibatrachidae as a family is fairly recent. These frogs were previously placed in the broadly defined family Ranidae, which was more recently divided into three subfamilies: Lankanectinae, Nyctibatrachinae, and Astrobatrachinae.[3][4]
| Nyctibatrachidae | |
|---|---|
| Nyctibatrachus beddomii | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Clade: | Ranoidea |
| Family: | Nyctibatrachidae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993 |
| Type genus | |
| Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 | |
Genera edit
The family contains three genera in their own subfamilies:[2][1][4]
- Subfamily Astrobatrachinae
- Astrobatrachus Vijayakumar et al., 2019 (Western Ghats of southwestern India – 1 species)
- Subfamily Lankanectinae
- Lankanectes Dubois and Ohler, 2001 (Sri Lanka – 2 species)
- Subfamily Nyctibatrachinae
- Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 (Western Ghats of southwestern India – 28 species)
Description edit
Nyctibatrachus are robust-bodied frogs that range in size from small (snout–vent length <20 mm in Nyctibatrachus beddomii) to relatively large (up to 84 mm Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis). They occur in near streams in hilly evergreen forests. Lankanectes is an aquatic species of slow-moving rivers in marshy areas.[5]
References edit
- ^ a b "Nyctibatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Nyctibatrachidae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
- ^ Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
- ^ a b Shanker, Kartik; Blackburn, David C.; Stanley, Edward L.; Swamy, Priyanka; Srikanthan, Achyuthan N.; Torsekar, Varun R.; Dinesh, K. P.; Pyron, Robert Alexander; Vijayakumar, Seenapuram Palaniswamy (2019-03-12). "A new ancient lineage of frog (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae: Astrobatrachinae subfam. nov.) endemic to the Western Ghats of Peninsular India". PeerJ. 7: e6457. doi:10.7717/peerj.6457. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6419720. PMID 30881763.
- ^ Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 509–510.