Northern spiny-tailed gecko
The northern spiny-tailed gecko (Strophurus ciliaris) is a species of lizard in the family Diplodactylidae. The species is endemic to Australia.
| Northern spiny-tailed gecko | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Diplodactylidae |
| Genus: | Strophurus |
| Species: | S. ciliaris |
| Binomial name | |
| Strophurus ciliaris (Boulenger, 1885) | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Etymology edit
The meaning of the scientific name or binomial, Strophurus ciliaris, comes from strophurus meaning "turning-tail" and ciliaris meaning "eyelashed", referring to the spines above the eyes.[3]
Description edit
S. ciliaris is highly variable in colour.[4] This species can vary from a uniform grey colour, with few black or orange scales, to rich brown, with a mottled pattern of grey, white, and orange scales. Spines are present along the tail, and long spines are generally present above the eyes, giving the impression of being eye-lashed.[5] The average length for a member of this species is 89 mm (3.5 in). Females are known to be significantly larger than males.[6]
Reproduction edit
S. ciliaris an oviparous species that has a clutch size of two.[7]
Defence edit
Members of the genus Strophurus have the ability to squirt a harmless, smelly, fluid from their tails. This is used as a deterrent for birds and other predations whilst they are perching in shrubs. Another defence mechanism that S. ciliaris has is bright palate colour.[8]
Behaviour and habitat edit
The northern spiny-tailed gecko is generally a nocturnal species but can be found basking during the day.[9] It is an arboreal species which occurs in arid, semi-arid, and subtropical habitats in shrubland.[10][11] It can also be commonly found in clumps of spinifex.[12]
Conservation status edit
S. ciliaris is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. This is due to its large distribution, unrestricted habitat preferences, and the limited number of threats facing this species.
Diet edit
Little is known about the diet of this S. ciliaris. However, similar to other members of the gecko families, its diet includes arthropods. It has been observed licking the exudes of wattle sap.[8]
Geographic range edit
The northern spiny-tailed gecko occurs in the interior of Australia, and its range extends from the northwest region of New South Wales and western Queensland through to South Australia and the Northern Territory, and then stretches into Western Australia.[13]
Of the recorded occurrences of this species, 48 percent have been recorded in the Northern Territory, 31.2 percent in Western Australia, 10.9 percent in South Australia, and the remaining across New South Wales and Queensland. There have been no recorded occurrences of this species in Victoria.[14]
Subspecies edit
S. ciliaris has one desert form and one tropical form.[13] There are two subspecies, Strophurus ciliaris ciliaris and Strophurus ciliaris aberrans.[5]
Threats edit
Habitat degradation is a threat to the northern spiny-tailed gecko. A large amount of this species' habitat has been lost or heavily degraded by land clearing and feral invasive species including goats. Habitat degradation and loss should not be considered a major threat at this time due to the wide distribution and a large amount of suitable habitat that remains.[11]
References edit
- ^ Wilson, S.; Oliver, P. (2017). "Strophurus ciliaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T178454A83325333. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T178454A83325333.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ Species Strophurus ciliaris at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ Ehmann, Harald (1992). Encyclopedia of Australian Animals: Reptiles. Angus and Robertson. 495 pp.
- ^ Cogger HG (1996). Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia. Port Melbourne: Reed.
- ^ a b Wilson S, Swan G (2008). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Chatswood: New Holland Publishers.
- ^ How RA, Dell J, Wellington BD (1986). "Comparative Biology of Eight Species of Diplodactylus Gecko in Western Australia". Herpetologica 42 (4): 471-482.
- ^ Strophurus ciliaris at the Australian Reptile Online Database. Last updated 2013-07-15 11:25:50. Retrieved from http://www.arod.com.au/arod/?species=Strophurus+ciliaris on 23 October 2013.
- ^ a b Michael D (2013, October). Strophurus ciliaris. (S. Van Den Akker, Interviewer).
- ^ Browne-Cooper, Robert; Bush, Brian; Maryan, Brad; Robinson, David (2007). Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush: Southwestern Australia. University of Western Australia Press. pp. 123, 124. ISBN 978-1-920694-74-6.
- ^ Cogger HG (2000). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Sydney: New Holland Publishers.
- ^ a b Swan G, Foster R (2005). "The reptiles and amphibians of Mutawintji National Park, Western New South Wales". Australian Zoologist 33 (1): 39-48.
- ^ Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. (2013). Australian Faunal Directory. Retrieved from Species Strophurus ciliaris (Boulenger, 1885): https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Strophurus_ciliaris
- ^ a b Horner P, Hutchinson M (2010). "Strophurus ciliaris ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 6 October 2013.
- ^ The Atlas of Living Australia. (2013). Strophurus ciliaris (Boulenger, 1885). Retrieved from http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Strophurus+ciliaris#
Further reading edit
- Boulenger GA (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume I. Geckonidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 436 pp. + Plates I-XXXII. (Diplodactylus ciliaris, new species, pp. 98–99 + Plate VIII, figures 2, 2a, 2b).
- Cogger HG (2014). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. xxx + 1,033 pp. ISBN 978-0643100350.
- Wilson, Steve; Swan, Gerry (2013). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia, Fourth Edition. Sydney: New Holland Publishers. 522 pp. ISBN 978-1921517280.