The helmeted curassow (Pauxi pauxi) or northern helmeted curassow, is a large terrestrial bird in the family Cracidae found in the subtropical cloud-forest in steep, mountainous regions of western Venezuela and northern Colombia. There are two subspecies found in different mountain ranges. It is a mostly black bird with a white tip to its tail, a red bill and a distinctive grey casque on its forehead. The population of this bird is in decline and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as "endangered".
It is a large terrestrial black curassow with a small head, large bluish grey casque on forehead, red bill, white-tipped tail feathers, greenish glossed mantle and breast feathers, and white below. Both sexes are similar. Length in adult birds can vary from 80 to 100 cm (31 to 39 in). The male, at 3.6 kg (8 lbs), is larger than the female, at 2.6 kg (5.8 lbs). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 36.3 to 42.7 cm (14.3 to 16.8 in), the tail is 30.4 to 36.2 cm (12.0 to 14.3 in) and the tarsus is 8.9 to 11.2 cm (3.5 to 4.4 in).[2] Some rare rufous morph female has a black barred and reddish brown plumage. For some time, it also contained the horned curassowtaxa as subspecies. Nowadays its southern congener is considered a distinct species P. unicornis.
Distributionedit
One of the largest birds in its habitat, the helmeted curassow is distributed in the eastern Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. In a recent study done in Tamá National Natural Park of Colombia, it suggested that the park contains a significant population of helmeted curassow with a population density of 4.8 individuals per square kilometer.[3] Furthermore, it was noted that most of the observed helmeted curassow occupied the lower strata, forest floor and subcanopy, of the forest, where they are vulnerable to poachers during the dry season.[3] The diet consists mainly of seeds, fruits, insects and small animals. The female lays two cream-colored eggs and incubates them for about 30 days.
Statusedit
The helmeted curassow is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Formerly classified as a Vulnerable species by the IUCN,[4] recent research shows that its numbers are decreasing more and more rapidly. It is consequently uplisted to Endangered status in 2008.[4]
Casque smaller, less bulbous, rather cylindrical in shape.
Their evolutionary history is not well researched compared to other curassows. The helmeted curassows probably are a lineage of Late Miocene (Tortonian–Messinian, about 8–7 million years ago) origin. This species' present-day distribution suggests that it became isolated some 6 million years ago as its mountain range uplifted.[5] It is not known when gene flow between the subspecies ceased.
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2016). "Pauxi pauxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22678497A92776062. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678497A92776062.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Curassows, Guans and Chachalacas by Nigel Hughes. Wildside Books (UK). 2006, ISBN0905062264
^ abSetina, Víctor; Lizcano, Diego J.; Brooks, Daniel M.; Silveira, Luís Fábio (2012). "Population Density of the Helmeted Curassow (Pauxi pauxi) in Tamá National Park, Colombia". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 124 (2): 316–320. doi:10.1676/11-097.1. ISSN 1559-4491. S2CID 54671721.
^ ab. BirdLife International. 2007-08-28. Archived from the original on 2007-08-28. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
^Pereira, Sérgio Luiz; Baker, Allan J. (2004-07-01). Fleischer, R. C. (ed.). "Vicariant Speciation of Curassows (Aves, Cracidae): A Hypothesis Based on Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny". The Auk. 121 (3): 682–694. doi:10.1093/auk/121.3.682. ISSN 1938-4254.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pauxi pauxi.
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BirdLife Species Factsheet
April 15, 2024
helmeted, curassow, helmeted, curassow, pauxi, pauxi, northern, helmeted, curassow, large, terrestrial, bird, family, cracidae, found, subtropical, cloud, forest, steep, mountainous, regions, western, venezuela, northern, colombia, there, subspecies, found, di. The helmeted curassow Pauxi pauxi or northern helmeted curassow is a large terrestrial bird in the family Cracidae found in the subtropical cloud forest in steep mountainous regions of western Venezuela and northern Colombia There are two subspecies found in different mountain ranges It is a mostly black bird with a white tip to its tail a red bill and a distinctive grey casque on its forehead The population of this bird is in decline and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as endangered Helmeted curassowNorthern helmeted curassow Pauxi pauxiConservation statusVulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder GalliformesFamily CracidaeGenus PauxiSpecies P pauxiBinomial namePauxi pauxi Linnaeus 1766 SubspeciesPauxi pauxi gilliardi Wetmore amp Phelps 1943Pauxi pauxi pauxi Linnaeus 1766 SynonymsCrax pauxi Linnaeus 1766Peggy the Northern Helmeted Curassow at the Denver Zoo USA Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Status 4 Taxonomy 5 References 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp Rufous morph femaleIt is a large terrestrial black curassow with a small head large bluish grey casque on forehead red bill white tipped tail feathers greenish glossed mantle and breast feathers and white below Both sexes are similar Length in adult birds can vary from 80 to 100 cm 31 to 39 in The male at 3 6 kg 8 lbs is larger than the female at 2 6 kg 5 8 lbs Among standard measurements the wing chord is 36 3 to 42 7 cm 14 3 to 16 8 in the tail is 30 4 to 36 2 cm 12 0 to 14 3 in and the tarsus is 8 9 to 11 2 cm 3 5 to 4 4 in 2 Some rare rufous morph female has a black barred and reddish brown plumage For some time it also contained the horned curassow taxa as subspecies Nowadays its southern congener is considered a distinct species P unicornis Distribution editOne of the largest birds in its habitat the helmeted curassow is distributed in the eastern Andes of Venezuela and Colombia In a recent study done in Tama National Natural Park of Colombia it suggested that the park contains a significant population of helmeted curassow with a population density of 4 8 individuals per square kilometer 3 Furthermore it was noted that most of the observed helmeted curassow occupied the lower strata forest floor and subcanopy of the forest where they are vulnerable to poachers during the dry season 3 The diet consists mainly of seeds fruits insects and small animals The female lays two cream colored eggs and incubates them for about 30 days Status editThe helmeted curassow is listed on Appendix II of CITES Formerly classified as a Vulnerable species by the IUCN 4 recent research shows that its numbers are decreasing more and more rapidly It is consequently uplisted to Endangered status in 2008 4 Taxonomy editThere are two subspecies Merida helmeted curassow Pauxi pauxi pauxiCordillera de Merida into Cordillera Oriental Colombia Casque larger egg shapedPerija helmeted curassow Pauxi pauxi gilliardiSerrania del Perija Casque smaller less bulbous rather cylindrical in shape Their evolutionary history is not well researched compared to other curassows The helmeted curassows probably are a lineage of Late Miocene Tortonian Messinian about 8 7 million years ago origin This species present day distribution suggests that it became isolated some 6 million years ago as its mountain range uplifted 5 It is not known when gene flow between the subspecies ceased References edit BirdLife International 2016 Pauxi pauxi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22678497A92776062 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22678497A92776062 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Curassows Guans and Chachalacas by Nigel Hughes Wildside Books UK 2006 ISBN 0905062264 a b Setina Victor Lizcano Diego J Brooks Daniel M Silveira Luis Fabio 2012 Population Density of the Helmeted Curassow Pauxi pauxi in Tama National Park Colombia The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124 2 316 320 doi 10 1676 11 097 1 ISSN 1559 4491 S2CID 54671721 a b What s new 2007 BirdLife International 2007 08 28 Archived from the original on 2007 08 28 Retrieved 2022 11 18 Pereira Sergio Luiz Baker Allan J 2004 07 01 Fleischer R C ed Vicariant Speciation of Curassows Aves Cracidae A Hypothesis Based on Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny The Auk 121 3 682 694 doi 10 1093 auk 121 3 682 ISSN 1938 4254 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pauxi pauxi ARKive images and movies of the Helmeted Curassow Pauxi pauxi BirdLife Species Factsheet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Helmeted curassow amp oldid 1212941321, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
