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Non-Chalcedonian Christianity

January 29, 2023

Not to be confused with Neo-Chalcedonism.

Non-Chalcedonian Christianity comprises the branches of Christianity that do not accept theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in 451.[1] Non-Chalcedonian denominations reject the Christological Definition of Chalcedon (which asserted Dyophysitism), for varying reasons.[2] Non-Chalcedonian Christianity thus stands in contrast to Chalcedonian Christianity.

A schematic of Christian denominational taxonomy

Today, the Oriental Orthodox Churches predominantly comprise most of non-Chalcedonian Christianity.

Overview

The most substantial non-Chalcedonian tradition is known as Oriental Orthodoxy. Within this tradition are a number of ancient Christian churches including the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, the Syriac Orthodox Church (sometimes referred to as "Jacobite"), the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.

The Christology of the Church of the East (i.e., Nestorian Christianity) may be called "non-Ephesine" for not accepting the Council of Ephesus, but did finally gather to ratify the Council of Chalcedon at the Synod of Mar Aba I in 544.[3]

Within the Patriarchates of Alexandria and Antioch, the rejection of the Chalcedonian definition became a cause of schism. While the common people of Egypt and Syria mostly objected to the Council, the Byzantine-Greek minority that formed the ruling class mostly accepted the Council. These two parties vied for possession of the ancient sees of Alexandria and Antioch that formed, at the time, the third and fourth most prestigious sees in Christendom, respectively. Ultimately, neither group absolutely dominated either church. The end result was the existence of two distinct patriarchates of Alexandria and Antioch for almost 1500 years, continuing in the present time. What is now known as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the native Egyptian patriarchal faction of Alexandria that rejected Chalcedon, whereas the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria is composed of those who accepted Chalcedon. For Syrians, the Syriac Orthodox Church forms the patriarchal faction of the native Syrian-Semitic population whereas the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch is composed of those who accepted Chalcedon.

In India and to a lesser degree in Persia, the schism that occurred was between the Oriental Orthodox and the Assyrian Church of the East. Even today in Kerala, there is a continuing presence of both the Assyrian Church of the East and the Syriac Orthodox Church along with an independent Oriental Orthodox Church called the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.

In the 18th century and onwards, Nontrinitarian and Unitarian Christians are necessarily non-Chalcedonian having their own separate traditions, different nontrinitarian theologies, and polities. The largest such groups are the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Latter-day Saint movement), Jehovah's Witnesses and the Iglesia ni Cristo.

See also

References

  1. ^ Meyendorff 1989, p. 165-206.
  2. ^ Louth 2009, p. 107-116.
  3. ^ Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500. HarperCollins. p. 219.

Sources

  • Edwards, Mark J. (2009). Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Grillmeier, Aloys (1975) [1965]. Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451) (2nd revised ed.). Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
  • Gwynn, David M. (2009). "The Council of Chalcedon and the Definition of Christian Tradition". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 7–26.
  • Kelly, John N. D. (2006) [1972]. Early Christian Creeds (3rd ed.). London-New York: Continuum.
  • Louth, Andrew (2009). "Why Did the Syrians Reject the Council of Chalcedon?". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 107–116.
  • Meyendorff, John (1966). Orthodoxy and Catholicity. New York: Sheed & Ward.
  • Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
  • Millar, Fergus (2009). "The Syriac Acts of the Second Council of Ephesus (449)". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 45–69.
  • Millar, Fergus (2015). Empire, Church and Society in the Late Roman Near East: Greeks, Jews, Syrians and Saracens. Leuven: Peeters Publishers.
  • Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005a). The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon. Vol. 1. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005b). The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon. Vol. 2. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005c). The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon. Vol. 3. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • Price, Richard (2009a). "The Council of Chalcedon (451): A Narrative". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 70–91.
  • Price, Richard (2009b). "Truth, Omission, and Fiction in the Acts of Chalcedon". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 92–106.
  • Price, Richard (2009c). "The Second Council of Constantinople (553) and the Malleable Past". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 117–132.
  • Roueché, Charlotte (2009). "Acclamations at the Council of Chalcedon". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 169–177.
  • Whitby, Michael (2009). "An Unholy Crew? Bishops Behaving Badly at Church Councils". Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 178–196.
  • Chesnut, Roberta C. (1985). Three Monophysite Christologies: Severus of Antioch, Philoxenus of Mabbug, and Jacob of Sarug. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198267126.
  • de Vries, Wilhelm (1940). Sakramententheologie bei den Syrischen Monophysiten. Rome.
  • Lebon, Joseph (1909). Le monophysisme sévérien. Étude historique, littéraire et théologique de la résistance monophysite au concile de Chalcédoine jusqu'à la constitution de l'Église jacobite. Louvain.

January 29, 2023
chalcedonian, christianity, confused, with, chalcedonism, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, december, 2009, lear. Not to be confused with Neo Chalcedonism This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Non Chalcedonian Christianity comprises the branches of Christianity that do not accept theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon the Fourth Ecumenical Council held in 451 1 Non Chalcedonian denominations reject the Christological Definition of Chalcedon which asserted Dyophysitism for varying reasons 2 Non Chalcedonian Christianity thus stands in contrast to Chalcedonian Christianity A schematic of Christian denominational taxonomy Today the Oriental Orthodox Churches predominantly comprise most of non Chalcedonian Christianity Contents 1 Overview 2 See also 3 References 4 SourcesOverview EditThe most substantial non Chalcedonian tradition is known as Oriental Orthodoxy Within this tradition are a number of ancient Christian churches including the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria the Syriac Orthodox Church sometimes referred to as Jacobite the Armenian Apostolic Church the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church The Christology of the Church of the East i e Nestorian Christianity may be called non Ephesine for not accepting the Council of Ephesus but did finally gather to ratify the Council of Chalcedon at the Synod of Mar Aba I in 544 3 Within the Patriarchates of Alexandria and Antioch the rejection of the Chalcedonian definition became a cause of schism While the common people of Egypt and Syria mostly objected to the Council the Byzantine Greek minority that formed the ruling class mostly accepted the Council These two parties vied for possession of the ancient sees of Alexandria and Antioch that formed at the time the third and fourth most prestigious sees in Christendom respectively Ultimately neither group absolutely dominated either church The end result was the existence of two distinct patriarchates of Alexandria and Antioch for almost 1500 years continuing in the present time What is now known as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the native Egyptian patriarchal faction of Alexandria that rejected Chalcedon whereas the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria is composed of those who accepted Chalcedon For Syrians the Syriac Orthodox Church forms the patriarchal faction of the native Syrian Semitic population whereas the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch is composed of those who accepted Chalcedon In India and to a lesser degree in Persia the schism that occurred was between the Oriental Orthodox and the Assyrian Church of the East Even today in Kerala there is a continuing presence of both the Assyrian Church of the East and the Syriac Orthodox Church along with an independent Oriental Orthodox Church called the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church In the 18th century and onwards Nontrinitarian and Unitarian Christians are necessarily non Chalcedonian having their own separate traditions different nontrinitarian theologies and polities The largest such groups are the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Latter day Saint movement Jehovah s Witnesses and the Iglesia ni Cristo See also EditConference of Addis AbabaReferences Edit Meyendorff 1989 p 165 206 Louth 2009 p 107 116 Moffett Samuel H 1992 A History of Christianity in Asia Volume I Beginnings to 1500 HarperCollins p 219 Sources EditEdwards Mark J 2009 Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church Farnham Ashgate Grillmeier Aloys 1975 1965 Christ in Christian Tradition From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon 451 2nd revised ed Louisville Westminster John Knox Press Gwynn David M 2009 The Council of Chalcedon and the Definition of Christian Tradition Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 7 26 Kelly John N D 2006 1972 Early Christian Creeds 3rd ed London New York Continuum Louth Andrew 2009 Why Did the Syrians Reject the Council of Chalcedon Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 107 116 Meyendorff John 1966 Orthodoxy and Catholicity New York Sheed amp Ward Meyendorff John 1989 Imperial unity and Christian divisions The Church 450 680 A D Crestwood NY St Vladimir s Seminary Press Millar Fergus 2009 The Syriac Acts of the Second Council of Ephesus 449 Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 45 69 Millar Fergus 2015 Empire Church and Society in the Late Roman Near East Greeks Jews Syrians and Saracens Leuven Peeters Publishers Ostrogorsky George 1956 History of the Byzantine State Oxford Basil Blackwell Price Richard Gaddis Michael eds 2005a The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Vol 1 Liverpool Liverpool University Press Price Richard Gaddis Michael eds 2005b The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Vol 2 Liverpool Liverpool University Press Price Richard Gaddis Michael eds 2005c The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Vol 3 Liverpool Liverpool University Press Price Richard 2009a The Council of Chalcedon 451 A Narrative Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 70 91 Price Richard 2009b Truth Omission and Fiction in the Acts of Chalcedon Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 92 106 Price Richard 2009c The Second Council of Constantinople 553 and the Malleable Past Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 117 132 Roueche Charlotte 2009 Acclamations at the Council of Chalcedon Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 169 177 Whitby Michael 2009 An Unholy Crew Bishops Behaving Badly at Church Councils Chalcedon in Context Church Councils 400 700 Liverpool Liverpool University Press pp 178 196 Chesnut Roberta C 1985 Three Monophysite Christologies Severus of Antioch Philoxenus of Mabbug and Jacob of Sarug Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0198267126 de Vries Wilhelm 1940 Sakramententheologie bei den Syrischen Monophysiten Rome Lebon Joseph 1909 Le monophysisme severien Etude historique litteraire et theologique de la resistance monophysite au concile de Chalcedoine jusqu a la constitution de l Eglise jacobite Louvain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Non Chalcedonian Christianity amp oldid 1133684558, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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