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Nodens

January 29, 2023

*Nodens or *Nodons (reconstructed from the dative Nodenti or Nodonti) is a Celtic healing god worshipped in Ancient Britain. Although no physical depiction of him has survived, votive plaques found in a shrine at Lydney Park (Gloucester) indicate his connection with dogs, a beast associated with healing symbolism in antiquity. The deity is known in only one other location, in Cockersand Moss (Lancashire). He was equated on most inscriptions with the Roman god Mars (as a healer rather than as a warrior) and likened to Silvanus (a hunting-god).[2][3] His name is cognate with that of later Celtic mythological figures, such as the Irish Nuada and the Welsh Nudd.[4][2][5]

Tolkien visited the temple of Nodens, a place called "Dwarf's Hill" and translated an inscription with a curse upon a ring. It may have inspired his dwarves, Mines of Moria, rings, and Celebrimbor "Silver-Hand".[1]

The philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien was invited to investigate the Latin inscription, and scholars have noted several likely influences on his Middle-earth fantasy writings, including the Elvish smith, maker of Rings of Power, Celebrimbor, whose name, like that of Nuada's epithet Airgetlám, means 'Silver-hand'. Nodens appears, too, in H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.

Name and origin

The theonym *Nodens or *Nodons is reconstructed from the attested dative singular Nodenti or Nodonti, which is derived from a Proto-Celtic stem *Nowdont-. It is a cognate (linguistic sibling from the same origin) of the Middle Irish Nuadu and the Middle Welsh Nudd (which turned into Lludd, apparently from an alliterative assimilation).[4][2][5] The Irish genitives nodot and núada(i)t (perhaps 'hand, wrist or arm')[6] also appear to be related.[4][7] It suggests that Nōdonti was the original form, by showing the back vocalism of the Celtic suffix -ont-. The development from -ō- to -ū- in Brittonic languages dates back to the end of the 3rd century AD.[4] An Old Breton name Nodent (modern Nuz) may also be added to the cognates, although the vocalism raises phonological difficulties.[8][9]

The origin of the name remains obscure, scholar John Carey noting that "it seems at any rate safe to say that no etymology so far proposed can be accepted with full confidence".[4] The Welsh noun nudd means 'mist, haze, fog', and both Lludd and Nuadu are attached to the epithet '[of the] silver hand/arm', which could lead to a conjectural Proto-Celtic stem *snowdo- ('mist, haze'), from Proto-Indo-European *snewdh- ('mist, cloud'; cf. Latin nūbēs 'clouds'),[4][5] perhaps also attested in the Irish snuad ('appearance, colour').[4] However, the sound shift sn- > n- does not seem to be attested elsewhere in Gaulish (although -sn- > -n- is known) and remains difficult to justify in Proto-Brittonic (the sound change should have occurred later than the inscriptions).[4] Scholars have also linked the Celtic names with the stem *néud- (cf. Gothic niutan 'to catch, attain, acquire' and nuta 'catcher, fisherman', Lithuanian naudà 'property'), associating *Nowdont- with the fishing (and possibly hunting) motifs of the Lydney remains and with the silver arms of Nuadu and Lludd.[4][7] However, this stem remains unattested elsewhere in Celtic, and possibly takes its origins from a pre-Indo-European language.[4][10] A third alternative is the Proto-Indo-European stem *neh2u-t- (cf. Goth. nauþs 'need, compulsion, distress', Old Prussian nautin 'need'), which could be found in Proto-Celtic *nāwito- ('need'; cf. Old Irish neóit, Middle Welsh neued), although linguist Ranko Matasović finds the relation "formally quite difficult" to explain.[5]

Nudd's son Gwyn (ruler of the Welsh Otherworld), his name meaning 'white', is an exact cognate of the Irish name Finn, who is described as the great-grandson of Nuadu mac Achi (Finn mac Umaill) or Nuadu Necht (Finn File).[11] Although the origin of the association remains difficult to explain, Carey writes that Nodons may be seen "a god of multi-faceted but consistent character: a shining royal warrior presiding over the chaotic in nature, society and the Otherworld (water, war, the devils of Annwn)."[12] In this view, the Middle Irish núada, núadu ('hero, champion, king [poetic]?')[13] may be interpreted as the euhemerized name of the Celtic deity,[5] with a semantic shift comparable to that conjectured for Proto-Germanic *balþaz > *Balðraz ('white, shining' > 'strong, brave, bold' > 'hero, prince'; cf. Old Norse Baldr 'brave, defiant, lord, prince' and Old English Bældæg 'shining day').[14][15]

According to Arthur Bernard Cook (1906) the toponym "Lydney" derives from the Old English *Lydan-eġ, "Lludd's Island", which could connect it with Nodens.[16] However, alternative etymologies of Lydney are offered in other sources. A. D. Mills suggests "island or river-meadow of the sailor, or of a man named *Lida", citing the forms "Lideneg" from c. 853 and "Ledenei" from the 1086 Domesday Book.[17]

Inscriptions

Lydney Park complex

 
Bath house at the Lydney Park temple complex

The temple complex at Lydney Park, situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Severn Estuary, is rectangular, measuring 72 by 54 m (236 by 177 ft), with a central cella measuring 29 by 49.5 m (31.7 by 54.1 yd), and its north-western end is divided into three chambers 6.3 m deep. This imposing, Romano-Celtic temple building has been interpreted as an incubatio or dormitory for sick pilgrims to sleep and experience a vision of divine presence in their dreams. The site may have been chosen because it offered a clear view of the River Severn near the point at which the Severn Bore begins. Its position within an earlier Iron Age hill fort may also be relevant.[18]

The temple complex was first excavated by Charles Bathurst in 1805, then reexcavated in 1928–1929 by Sir Mortimer Wheeler and Tessa Wheeler, who produced an extensive report of the findings at the site.[4] Although no anthropomorphic depiction of the deity has been discovered, a dozen figures of dogs were found at the site, presumably deposited at the shrine as offerings by pilgrims due to the healing symbolism associated with dogs. As one of these figurines has a human face, it is possible that the deity himself could have been perceived as taking the form of an animal. A bronze arm whose hand displays the spoon-shaped fingernails characteristic of someone suffering from iron deficiency gives further evidence of the healing attributes of Nodens. Findings at the site include bronze reliefs depicting a sea deity, fishermen and tritons, a bronze plaque of a woman, about 320 pins, nearly 300 bracelets,[a] and over 8,000 coins. Also present were oculists' stamps used to mark sticks of eye ointment, like those at Gallo-Roman healing sanctuaries in antiquity. The deity was further associated with aquatic and solar imagery, similar to other curative shrines of Roman Gaul.[3]

Several inscriptions to Nodens have been found, one on a lead curse tablet reading:

Devo Nodenti Silvianus anilum perdedit demediam partem donavit Nodenti inter quibus nomen Seniciani nollis petmittas sanitatem donec perfera(t) usque templum [No]dentis

Rediviva

 To the god Nodens: Silvianus has lost his ring and given half (its value) to Nodens. Among those who are called Senicianus do not allow health until he brings it to the temple of Nodens.

(This curse) comes into force again.[20][21]

Other inscriptions identify Nodens, in various spellings, with the Roman god Mars:

D(eo) M(arti) Nodonti Flavius Blandinus armatura v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) To the god Mars Nodons, Flavius Blandinus, weapon-instructor, gladly and deservedly fulfilled his vow.[22][23]
Pectillus votum quod promissit deo Nudente M(arti) dedit Pectillus gave to the god Nudens Mars the votive offering which he had promised.[24][25]
D(eo) M(arti) N(odenti) T(itus) Flavius Senilis pr(aepositus) rel(igionis?) ex stipibus pos{s}uit o(pitu)lante Victorino interp(re)tiante To the god Mars Nodens, Titus Flavius Senilis, superintendent of the cult, had (this mosaic) laid from the offerings with assistance from Victorinus the interpreter[26]

Cockersand Moss

A silver statuette found at Cockersand Moss, Lancashire, in 1718 but now lost, had an inscription on the base that reads:

D(eo) M(arti) N(odonti) Lucianus colleg(ae) Aprili Viatoris v(otum) s(olvit) To the god Mars Nodons, Lucianus fulfilled the vow of his colleague, Aprilius Viator.[27][28]

Another reads:

Deo Marti Nodonti Aurelius ...cinus sig(illum) To the god Mars Nodons, Aurelius ...cinus (set up) this statuette.[29][30]

Mythological parallels

Nuada Airgetlám was the first king of the Tuatha Dé Danann, who was disqualified from kingship after losing his hand (or arm) in battle, but restored after he was given a working silver one by the physician Dian Cecht and the wright Creidhne (gaining the epithet Airgetlám, 'silver hand'), and later a flesh and blood one by Dian Cecht's son Miach.

The legendary Welsh hero Nudd appears in the Triads as one of the three most generous men in Wales, along with his two cousins, Rhydderch Hael and Mordaf Hael. His two sons are known as Edern ap Nudd and Gwyn ap Nudd. Nudd may also be called Lludd, and seems to be linked to other figures of the same name, such as the son of Beli Mawr in Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys.[2]

Legacy

Tolkien

 
Apparent influence of archaeological and philological work at Nodens' Temple on Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium[1]

J. R. R. Tolkien, invited to investigate the Latin inscription at Lydney Park, traced Nodens to the Irish hero Nuada Airgetlám, "Nuada of the Silver-Hand".[31] The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey thought this a "pivotal" influence on Tolkien's invention of Middle-earth, combining as it did a god-hero, a ring, dwarves, and a silver hand.[1] Mathew Lyons notes the "Hobbit-like appearance of [Dwarf's Hill]'s mine-shaft holes", and that Tolkien was, according to the Lydney curator Sylvia Jones, extremely interested in the hill's folklore on his stay there.[1][32] Helen Armstrong commented that the place may have inspired Tolkien's "Celebrimbor and the fallen realms of Moria and Eregion".[1][33] The name of the Elven-smith Celebrimbor of Eregion, who forged the Rings of Power in The Silmarillion, means "Silver Hand" in Tolkien's invented Elvish language of Sindarin. Dwarf's Hill with its many mineshafts has been suggested as an influence on the Lonely Mountain in The Hobbit and the Mines of Moria in The Lord of the Rings.[34]

Lovecraft

In H. P. Lovecraft's 1926 novella The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath, part of his Cthulhu Mythos, Nodens is an "archaic" god served by the night-gaunts. He is depicted as somewhat benevolent and as opposing the frightening Nyarlathotep.[35] Nodens appears again in Lovecraft's short story "The Strange High House in the Mist", also written in 1926. When the protagonist, Thomas Olney, enters the eponymous house, he sees "primal Nodens, Lord of the Great Abyss" riding in a large shell that is carried by dolphins.[36]

Paolini

In Christopher Paolini's Eragon, 'Argetlam' (lit: silver hand) is another name for the gedwëy ignasia (lit: "shining palm" in the fiction 'Ancient Language' made by Paolini for the series. It is adapted from the Irish word Airgetlam.[37]

Footnotes

  1. ^ In fact, over 270 bracelets with many more suggested to be in private ownership. As the findings attested metalworking at Lydney so it could be assumed that the bracelets were produced on-site.[19]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Anger, Don N. (2013) [2007]. "Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 563–564. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1.
  2. ^ a b c d MacKillop 2004, s.v. Nodons, Nudd and Nuadu Airgetlám.
  3. ^ a b Aldhouse-Green 2008, pp. 208–210.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Carey 1984, pp. 2–3.
  5. ^ a b c d e Matasović 2009, p. 350.
  6. ^ eDIL, s.v. ? núada(i)t, dil.ie/33330.
  7. ^ a b Wagner 1986, pp. 180–181.
  8. ^ Carey 1984, pp. 13–14.
  9. ^ Sterckx 1994, p. 40.
  10. ^ Wagner 1986, p. 186.
  11. ^ Carey 1984, pp. 6–7.
  12. ^ Carey 1984, pp. 21–22.
  13. ^ eDIL, s.v. núada, ? núadu, dil.ie/33328.
  14. ^ Simek 1996, p. 26.
  15. ^ Orel 2003, pp. 33–34.
  16. ^ Cook, Arthur Bernard (25 March 1906). "IV. The Celts". Folklore. The European sky-god. 17 (1): 27–71.
  17. ^ Mills, A. D. (1993). A Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford. p. 218. ISBN 0192831313.
  18. ^ Green, Miranda J. (2005). Exploring the World of the Druids. London, England: Thames & Hudson. p. 119. ISBN 0-500-28571-3.
  19. ^ Swift, Ellen (2003). Roman Dress Accessories. Princes Risborough, England: Shire Publications. p. 10ff.
  20. ^ RIB 306. Curse upon Senicianus
  21. ^ CIL 07, 00140 = RIB-01, 00306 (301–410 AD)
  22. ^ RIB 305. Dedication to Mars Nodons
  23. ^ CIL 07, 00138 = RIB-01, 00305 (301–410 AD)
  24. ^ RIB 307. Dedication to Nudens Mars
  25. ^ CIL 07, 00139 = RIB-01, 00307 (301–410 AD)
  26. ^ CIL 07, 00137 = RIB-02-04, 02448,03 (371–400 AD)
  27. ^ RIB 617. Dedication to Mars Nodons
  28. ^ RIB-01, 00617 = AE 1958, 00095b (71–300 AD)
  29. ^ RIB 616. Dedication to Mars Nodons
  30. ^ RIB-01, 00616 = AE 1958, 00095a (71–300 AD)
  31. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R., "The Name Nodens", Appendix to "Report on the excavation of the prehistoric, Roman and post-Roman site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire", Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 1932; also in Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, Vol. 4, 2007
  32. ^ Lyons, Mathew (2004). There and Back Again: In the Footsteps of J. R. R. Tolkien. London: Cadogan Guides. p. 63. ISBN 978-1860111396.
  33. ^ Armstrong, Helen (May 1997). "And Have an Eye to That Dwarf". Amon Hen: The Bulletin of the Tolkien Society (145): 13–14.
  34. ^ Bowers, John M. (2019). Tolkien's Lost Chaucer. Oxford University Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-19-884267-5.
  35. ^ Leiber 2001, p. 10.
  36. ^ Burleson 1990, p. 95.
  37. ^ Bergman, Jenni (2011). The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves (PDF). Cardiff University (PhD Thesis). p. 201. Though many of Paolini's names of persons and places are Tolkienian, he does make reference to other traditions relating to elves. Eragon is sometimes addressed by the name Argetlam, said to be 'an elven word that was used to refer to the Riders. It means "silver hand".' The word is an adaptation of the Irish Airgetlam with the same meaning, used as an attribute of Nuadha, king of the Tuatha De Danann. citing MacKillop, James (1998). "Nuada Airgetlam". Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford University Press.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Le Roux, Françoise (1963). "Le Dieu-roi Nodons/Nuada". Celticum. 6: 425–446.

External links

  •   Media related to Nodens at Wikimedia Commons

January 29, 2023
nodens, nodons, reconstructed, from, dative, nodenti, nodonti, celtic, healing, worshipped, ancient, britain, although, physical, depiction, survived, votive, plaques, found, shrine, lydney, park, gloucester, indicate, connection, with, dogs, beast, associated. Nodens or Nodons reconstructed from the dative Nodenti or Nodonti is a Celtic healing god worshipped in Ancient Britain Although no physical depiction of him has survived votive plaques found in a shrine at Lydney Park Gloucester indicate his connection with dogs a beast associated with healing symbolism in antiquity The deity is known in only one other location in Cockersand Moss Lancashire He was equated on most inscriptions with the Roman god Mars as a healer rather than as a warrior and likened to Silvanus a hunting god 2 3 His name is cognate with that of later Celtic mythological figures such as the Irish Nuada and the Welsh Nudd 4 2 5 Tolkien visited the temple of Nodens a place called Dwarf s Hill and translated an inscription with a curse upon a ring It may have inspired his dwarves Mines of Moria rings and Celebrimbor Silver Hand 1 The philologist and author J R R Tolkien was invited to investigate the Latin inscription and scholars have noted several likely influences on his Middle earth fantasy writings including the Elvish smith maker of Rings of Power Celebrimbor whose name like that of Nuada s epithet Airgetlam means Silver hand Nodens appears too in H P Lovecraft s Cthulhu Mythos Contents 1 Name and origin 2 Inscriptions 2 1 Lydney Park complex 2 2 Cockersand Moss 3 Mythological parallels 4 Legacy 4 1 Tolkien 4 2 Lovecraft 4 3 Paolini 5 Footnotes 6 References 6 1 Bibliography 7 Further reading 8 External linksName and origin EditThe theonym Nodens or Nodons is reconstructed from the attested dative singular Nodenti or Nodonti which is derived from a Proto Celtic stem Nowdont It is a cognate linguistic sibling from the same origin of the Middle Irish Nuadu and the Middle Welsh Nudd which turned into Lludd apparently from an alliterative assimilation 4 2 5 The Irish genitives nodot and nuada i t perhaps hand wrist or arm 6 also appear to be related 4 7 It suggests that Nōdonti was the original form by showing the back vocalism of the Celtic suffix ont The development from ō to u in Brittonic languages dates back to the end of the 3rd century AD 4 An Old Breton name Nodent modern Nuz may also be added to the cognates although the vocalism raises phonological difficulties 8 9 The origin of the name remains obscure scholar John Carey noting that it seems at any rate safe to say that no etymology so far proposed can be accepted with full confidence 4 The Welsh noun nudd means mist haze fog and both Lludd and Nuadu are attached to the epithet of the silver hand arm which could lead to a conjectural Proto Celtic stem snowdo mist haze from Proto Indo European snewdh mist cloud cf Latin nubes clouds 4 5 perhaps also attested in the Irish snuad appearance colour 4 However the sound shift sn gt n does not seem to be attested elsewhere in Gaulish although sn gt n is known and remains difficult to justify in Proto Brittonic the sound change should have occurred later than the inscriptions 4 Scholars have also linked the Celtic names with the stem neud cf Gothic niutan to catch attain acquire and nuta catcher fisherman Lithuanian nauda property associating Nowdont with the fishing and possibly hunting motifs of the Lydney remains and with the silver arms of Nuadu and Lludd 4 7 However this stem remains unattested elsewhere in Celtic and possibly takes its origins from a pre Indo European language 4 10 A third alternative is the Proto Indo European stem neh2u t cf Goth nauths need compulsion distress Old Prussian nautin need which could be found in Proto Celtic nawito need cf Old Irish neoit Middle Welsh neued although linguist Ranko Matasovic finds the relation formally quite difficult to explain 5 Nudd s son Gwyn ruler of the Welsh Otherworld his name meaning white is an exact cognate of the Irish name Finn who is described as the great grandson of Nuadu mac Achi Finn mac Umaill or Nuadu Necht Finn File 11 Although the origin of the association remains difficult to explain Carey writes that Nodons may be seen a god of multi faceted but consistent character a shining royal warrior presiding over the chaotic in nature society and the Otherworld water war the devils of Annwn 12 In this view the Middle Irish nuada nuadu hero champion king poetic 13 may be interpreted as the euhemerized name of the Celtic deity 5 with a semantic shift comparable to that conjectured for Proto Germanic balthaz gt Baldraz white shining gt strong brave bold gt hero prince cf Old Norse Baldr brave defiant lord prince and Old English Baeldaeg shining day 14 15 According to Arthur Bernard Cook 1906 the toponym Lydney derives from the Old English Lydan eġ Lludd s Island which could connect it with Nodens 16 However alternative etymologies of Lydney are offered in other sources A D Mills suggests island or river meadow of the sailor or of a man named Lida citing the forms Lideneg from c 853 and Ledenei from the 1086 Domesday Book 17 Inscriptions EditLydney Park complex Edit Bath house at the Lydney Park temple complex The temple complex at Lydney Park situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Severn Estuary is rectangular measuring 72 by 54 m 236 by 177 ft with a central cella measuring 29 by 49 5 m 31 7 by 54 1 yd and its north western end is divided into three chambers 6 3 m deep This imposing Romano Celtic temple building has been interpreted as an incubatio or dormitory for sick pilgrims to sleep and experience a vision of divine presence in their dreams The site may have been chosen because it offered a clear view of the River Severn near the point at which the Severn Bore begins Its position within an earlier Iron Age hill fort may also be relevant 18 The temple complex was first excavated by Charles Bathurst in 1805 then reexcavated in 1928 1929 by Sir Mortimer Wheeler and Tessa Wheeler who produced an extensive report of the findings at the site 4 Although no anthropomorphic depiction of the deity has been discovered a dozen figures of dogs were found at the site presumably deposited at the shrine as offerings by pilgrims due to the healing symbolism associated with dogs As one of these figurines has a human face it is possible that the deity himself could have been perceived as taking the form of an animal A bronze arm whose hand displays the spoon shaped fingernails characteristic of someone suffering from iron deficiency gives further evidence of the healing attributes of Nodens Findings at the site include bronze reliefs depicting a sea deity fishermen and tritons a bronze plaque of a woman about 320 pins nearly 300 bracelets a and over 8 000 coins Also present were oculists stamps used to mark sticks of eye ointment like those at Gallo Roman healing sanctuaries in antiquity The deity was further associated with aquatic and solar imagery similar to other curative shrines of Roman Gaul 3 Several inscriptions to Nodens have been found one on a lead curse tablet reading Devo Nodenti Silvianus anilum perdedit demediam partem donavit Nodenti inter quibus nomen Seniciani nollis petmittas sanitatem donec perfera t usque templum No dentis Rediviva To the god Nodens Silvianus has lost his ring and given half its value to Nodens Among those who are called Senicianus do not allow health until he brings it to the temple of Nodens This curse comes into force again 20 21 Other inscriptions identify Nodens in various spellings with the Roman god Mars D eo M arti Nodonti Flavius Blandinus armatura v otum s olvit l ibens m erito To the god Mars Nodons Flavius Blandinus weapon instructor gladly and deservedly fulfilled his vow 22 23 Pectillus votum quod promissit deo Nudente M arti dedit Pectillus gave to the god Nudens Mars the votive offering which he had promised 24 25 D eo M arti N odenti T itus Flavius Senilis pr aepositus rel igionis ex stipibus pos s uit o pitu lante Victorino interp re tiante To the god Mars Nodens Titus Flavius Senilis superintendent of the cult had this mosaic laid from the offerings with assistance from Victorinus the interpreter 26 Cockersand Moss Edit A silver statuette found at Cockersand Moss Lancashire in 1718 but now lost had an inscription on the base that reads D eo M arti N odonti Lucianus colleg ae Aprili Viatoris v otum s olvit To the god Mars Nodons Lucianus fulfilled the vow of his colleague Aprilius Viator 27 28 Another reads Deo Marti Nodonti Aurelius cinus sig illum To the god Mars Nodons Aurelius cinus set up this statuette 29 30 Mythological parallels EditNuada Airgetlam was the first king of the Tuatha De Danann who was disqualified from kingship after losing his hand or arm in battle but restored after he was given a working silver one by the physician Dian Cecht and the wright Creidhne gaining the epithet Airgetlam silver hand and later a flesh and blood one by Dian Cecht s son Miach The legendary Welsh hero Nudd appears in the Triads as one of the three most generous men in Wales along with his two cousins Rhydderch Hael and Mordaf Hael His two sons are known as Edern ap Nudd and Gwyn ap Nudd Nudd may also be called Lludd and seems to be linked to other figures of the same name such as the son of Beli Mawr in Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys 2 Legacy EditTolkien Edit Apparent influence of archaeological and philological work at Nodens Temple on Tolkien s Middle earth legendarium 1 J R R Tolkien invited to investigate the Latin inscription at Lydney Park traced Nodens to the Irish hero Nuada Airgetlam Nuada of the Silver Hand 31 The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey thought this a pivotal influence on Tolkien s invention of Middle earth combining as it did a god hero a ring dwarves and a silver hand 1 Mathew Lyons notes the Hobbit like appearance of Dwarf s Hill s mine shaft holes and that Tolkien was according to the Lydney curator Sylvia Jones extremely interested in the hill s folklore on his stay there 1 32 Helen Armstrong commented that the place may have inspired Tolkien s Celebrimbor and the fallen realms of Moria and Eregion 1 33 The name of the Elven smith Celebrimbor of Eregion who forged the Rings of Power in The Silmarillion means Silver Hand in Tolkien s invented Elvish language of Sindarin Dwarf s Hill with its many mineshafts has been suggested as an influence on the Lonely Mountain in The Hobbit and the Mines of Moria in The Lord of the Rings 34 Lovecraft Edit In H P Lovecraft s 1926 novella The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath part of his Cthulhu Mythos Nodens is an archaic god served by the night gaunts He is depicted as somewhat benevolent and as opposing the frightening Nyarlathotep 35 Nodens appears again in Lovecraft s short story The Strange High House in the Mist also written in 1926 When the protagonist Thomas Olney enters the eponymous house he sees primal Nodens Lord of the Great Abyss riding in a large shell that is carried by dolphins 36 Paolini Edit In Christopher Paolini s Eragon Argetlam lit silver hand is another name for the gedwey ignasia lit shining palm in the fiction Ancient Language made by Paolini for the series It is adapted from the Irish word Airgetlam 37 Footnotes Edit In fact over 270 bracelets with many more suggested to be in private ownership As the findings attested metalworking at Lydney so it could be assumed that the bracelets were produced on site 19 References Edit a b c d e Anger Don N 2013 2007 Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric Roman and Post Roman Site in Lydney Park Gloucestershire In Drout Michael D C ed The J R R Tolkien Encyclopedia Routledge pp 563 564 ISBN 978 0 415 86511 1 a b c d MacKillop 2004 s v Nodons Nudd and Nuadu Airgetlam a b Aldhouse Green 2008 pp 208 210 a b c d e f g h i j k Carey 1984 pp 2 3 a b c d e Matasovic 2009 p 350 eDIL s v nuada i t dil ie 33330 a b Wagner 1986 pp 180 181 Carey 1984 pp 13 14 Sterckx 1994 p 40 Wagner 1986 p 186 Carey 1984 pp 6 7 Carey 1984 pp 21 22 eDIL s v nuada nuadu dil ie 33328 Simek 1996 p 26 Orel 2003 pp 33 34 Cook Arthur Bernard 25 March 1906 IV The Celts Folklore The European sky god 17 1 27 71 Mills A D 1993 A Dictionary of English Place Names Oxford p 218 ISBN 0192831313 Green Miranda J 2005 Exploring the World of the Druids London England Thames amp Hudson p 119 ISBN 0 500 28571 3 Swift Ellen 2003 Roman Dress Accessories Princes Risborough England Shire Publications p 10ff RIB 306 Curse upon Senicianus CIL 07 00140 RIB 01 00306 301 410 AD RIB 305 Dedication to Mars Nodons CIL 07 00138 RIB 01 00305 301 410 AD RIB 307 Dedication to Nudens Mars CIL 07 00139 RIB 01 00307 301 410 AD CIL 07 00137 RIB 02 04 02448 03 371 400 AD RIB 617 Dedication to Mars Nodons RIB 01 00617 AE 1958 00095b 71 300 AD RIB 616 Dedication to Mars Nodons RIB 01 00616 AE 1958 00095a 71 300 AD Tolkien J R R The Name Nodens Appendix to Report on the excavation of the prehistoric Roman and post Roman site in Lydney Park Gloucestershire Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 1932 also in Tolkien Studies An Annual Scholarly Review Vol 4 2007 Lyons Mathew 2004 There and Back Again In the Footsteps of J R R Tolkien London Cadogan Guides p 63 ISBN 978 1860111396 Armstrong Helen May 1997 And Have an Eye to That Dwarf Amon Hen The Bulletin of the Tolkien Society 145 13 14 Bowers John M 2019 Tolkien s Lost Chaucer Oxford University Press pp 131 132 ISBN 978 0 19 884267 5 Leiber 2001 p 10 Burleson 1990 p 95 Bergman Jenni 2011 The Significant Other a Literary History of Elves PDF Cardiff University PhD Thesis p 201 Though many of Paolini s names of persons and places are Tolkienian he does make reference to other traditions relating to elves Eragon is sometimes addressed by the name Argetlam said to be an elven word that was used to refer to the Riders It means silver hand The word is an adaptation of the Irish Airgetlam with the same meaning used as an attribute of Nuadha king of the Tuatha De Danann citing MacKillop James 1998 Nuada Airgetlam Dictionary of Celtic Mythology Oxford University Press Bibliography Edit Aldhouse Green Miranda 2008 Gallo British Deities and their Shrines In Todd Malcolm ed A Companion to Roman Britain John Wiley amp Sons pp 193 219 ISBN 978 0470998854 Burleson Donald R 1990 Lovecraft Disturbing the Universe First ed University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0 8386 3415 X JSTOR j ctt130jf9h OCLC 22766987 Carey John 1984 Nodons in Britain and Ireland Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie 40 1 1 22 doi 10 1515 zcph 1984 40 1 1 ISSN 0084 5302 Leiber Fritz 2001 A Literary Copernicus In Schweitzer Darrell ed Discovering H P Lovecraft Holicong Pennsylvania Wildside Press pp 7 16 ISBN 1 58715 470 6 MacKillop James 2004 A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 860967 1 Matasovic Ranko 2009 Etymological Dictionary of Proto Celtic Brill ISBN 9789004173361 Orel Vladimir E 2003 A Handbook of Germanic Etymology Brill ISBN 978 90 04 12875 0 Simek Rudolf 1996 Dictionary of Northern Mythology D S Brewer ISBN 978 0 85991 513 7 Sterckx Claude 1994 Nutons Lutons et dieux celtes Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie 46 1 39 79 doi 10 1515 zcph 1994 46 1 39 ISSN 0084 5302 Wagner Heinrich 1986 Zur Etymologie von keltisch Nodons Ir Nuadu Kymr Nudd Lludd Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie 41 1 doi 10 1515 zcph 1986 41 1 180 ISSN 0084 5302 Further reading EditLe Roux Francoise 1963 Le Dieu roi Nodons Nuada Celticum 6 425 446 External links Edit Media related to Nodens at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nodens amp oldid 1118118064 Lovecraft, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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