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No Exit

No Exit (French: Huis clos, pronounced [ɥi klo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre. The play was first performed at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in May 1944.[1][2] The play begins with three characters who find themselves waiting in a mysterious room. It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity. It is the source of Sartre's especially famous phrase "L'enfer, c'est les autres" or "Hell is other people", a reference to Sartre's ideas about the look and the perpetual ontological struggle of being caused to see oneself as an object from the view of another consciousness.[3]

No Exit
Cover of the Vintage edition
Written byJean-Paul Sartre
Characters
  • Joseph Garcin
  • Inèz Serrano
  • Estelle Rigault
  • Valet

English translations have also been performed under the titles In Camera, No Way Out, Vicious Circle, Behind Closed Doors, and Dead End. The original title, Huis clos ("closed door"), is the French equivalent of the legal term in camera (Latin: "in a chamber"), referring to a private discussion behind closed doors.

Plot

Three damned souls, Joseph Garcin, Inèz Serrano, and Estelle Rigault, are brought to the same room in Hell and locked inside by a mysterious valet. They had all expected torture devices to punish them for eternity, but instead, find a plain room furnished in the style of the French 'Second Empire'. At first, none of them will admit the reason for their damnation: Garcin says that he was executed for being an outspoken pacifist, while Estelle insists that a mistake has been made; Inèz, however, is the only one to demand that they all stop lying to themselves and confess to their moral crimes. She refuses to believe that they have all ended up in the room by accident and soon realizes that they have been placed together to make each other miserable. She deduces that they are to be one another's torturers.

Garcin suggests that they try to leave each other alone and to be silent, but Inèz starts to sing about execution and Estelle vainly wants to find a mirror to check on her appearance. Inèz tries to seduce Estelle by offering to be her "mirror" by telling her everything she sees but ends up frightening her instead. It is soon clear that Inèz is attracted to Estelle, Estelle is attracted to Garcin, and Garcin is not attracted to either of the two women.

After arguing, they decide to confess to their crimes so they know what to expect from each other. Garcin cheated on and mistreated his wife, and was executed by firing squad for desertion; Inèz is a manipulative sadist who seduced her cousin's wife, Florence, while living with them and convinced her to leave her husband—the cousin was later hit and killed by a tram and Florence asphyxiated herself and Inèz by flooding the room with gas while they slept—and Estelle had an affair and then killed the resulting child, prompting the child's father to commit suicide. Despite their revelations, they continue to get on each other's nerves. Garcin finally begins giving in to the lascivious Estelle's escalating attempts to seduce him, which drives Inèz crazy. Garcin is constantly interrupted by his own guilt, however, and begs Estelle to tell him that he is not a coward for attempting to flee his country during wartime. While she complies, Inèz mockingly tells him that Estelle is just feigning attraction to him so that she can be with a man—any man.

This causes Garcin to abruptly attempt an escape. After his trying to open the door repeatedly, it inexplicably and suddenly opens, but he is unable to bring himself to leave, and the others remain as well. He says that he will not be saved until he can convince Inèz that he is not cowardly. She refuses, saying that he is obviously a coward, and promising to make him miserable forever. Garcin concludes that rather than torture devices or physical punishment, "hell is other people." Estelle tries to persevere in her seduction of Garcin, but he says that he cannot make love while Inèz is watching. Estelle, infuriated, picks up a paper knife and repeatedly stabs Inèz. Inèz chides Estelle, saying that they are all already dead, and even furiously stabs herself to prove that point. As Estelle begins to laugh hysterically at the idea of them being dead and trapped together forever, the others join in a prolonged fit of laughter before Garcin finally concludes, "Eh bien, continuons..." ("Well then, let's get on with it...").

Characters

Joseph Garcin – He is a journalist who lived in the barracks in Rio and died after refusing to fight in an unnamed war. His cowardice and callousness caused his young wife to die "of grief" after his execution. He was unfaithful to his wife – he even recalls, without any sympathy, bringing home another woman one night, and his wife bringing them their morning coffee after hearing their engagement all night. Initially, he hates Inèz because she understands his weakness, and wants Estelle because he feels that if she treats him as a man he will become manly. However, by the end of the play he understands that because Inèz understands the meaning of cowardice and wickedness, only absolution at her hands can redeem him (if indeed redemption is possible). In a later translation and adaptation of the play by American translator Paul Bowles, Garcin is renamed Vincent Cradeau.

Inèz Serrano – Inèz is the second character to enter the room. A lesbian postal clerk, she turned a wife against her husband, twisting the wife's perception of her spouse and the subsequent death of the man who is also her cousin. Inèz seems to be the only character who understands the power of opinion, manipulating Estelle's and Garcin's opinions of themselves and of each other throughout the play. She is honest about the evil deeds she, Garcin, and Estelle have done. She frankly acknowledges the fact that she is a cruel person.

Estelle Rigault – Estelle is a high-society woman, who married an older man for his money and had an affair with a younger man. To her, the affair is merely an insignificant fling, but her lover becomes emotionally attached to her and she bears him a child. She drowns the child by throwing it off the balcony of a hotel into the sea, which drives her lover to commit suicide. Throughout the play she tries to get at Garcin, seeking to define herself as a woman in relation to a man. Her sins are deceit and murder (which also motivated a suicide). She lusts over "manly men", which Garcin himself strives to be.

Valet – The Valet enters the room with each character, but his only real dialogue is with Garcin. We learn little about him, except that his uncle is the head valet, and that he does not have any eyelids, which links to Garcin because Garcin's eyelids are atrophied.

Critical reception

The play was widely praised when it was first performed. Upon its 1946 American premiere at the Biltmore Theatre, critic Stark Young described the play as "a phenomenon of the modern theatre – played all over the continent already", in The New Republic, and wrote that "It should be seen whether you like it or not."[4]

Adaptations

Audio

Film

Television

Theatre

Opera

A one-act chamber opera based on the play was created by composer Andy Vores. The production had its world premiere on April 25, 2008 at the Boston Conservatory’s Zack Theatre.[10] Vores' opera premiered in Chicago in October 2009 by Chicago Opera Vanguard.

Parodies

Talk Show from Hell, a modern parody by Jean-Noel Fenwick, was produced by the Open Fist Theatre in Los Angeles, California, in 2000.[11] Mike Schur has compared his show The Good Place, which involves a demon trying to design a novel type of hell in which the inhabitants create one another's torments, to Sartre's play.[12]

References

  1. ^ "Mr. Robot".Season 4, Episode 1, Elliot gets into an 'HoneyPot', book can be seen along with Joseph Garcin's signature on the book "'No Exit' Reference shot".
  2. ^ Wallace Fowlie, Dionysus in Paris (New York: Meridian Books, inc., 1960), page 173.
  3. ^ Danto, Arthur (1975). "Chapter 4: Shame, or, The Problem of Other Minds". Jean-Paul Sartre.
  4. ^ Young, Stark. (9 December 1946). "Weaknesses". The New Republic, pp. 764.
  5. ^ "In Camera · British Universities Film & Video Council".
  6. ^ Galster, Ingrid, ed. (2016-07-12), "Alain Laubreaux : Le Petit Parisien, 3 juin 1944", Sartre devant la presse d’Occupation : Le dossier critique des Mouches et Huis clos, Interférences, Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, pp. 194–195, ISBN 978-2-7535-4643-1, retrieved 2022-06-02
  7. ^ League, The Broadway. "No Exit – Broadway Play – Original - IBDB". ibdb.com.
  8. ^ "Production of Vicious Circle - Theatricalia". theatricalia.com.
  9. ^ "No Exit - Performance". Kickstarter.
  10. ^ "On (and off) track".
  11. ^ Foley, F. Kathleen (April 14, 2000). "In the Lively Sartre Parody 'Talk Show,' Hell Isn't Half Bad". Los Angeles Times.
  12. ^ "The Good Place: The Podcast Chapter One". June 1, 2018.

External links

  • No Exit Script
  • No Exit at Sparknotes.com
  • In Camera at IMDb
  • No Exit at A.R.T. 2006 production of No Exit at the American Repertory Theater
  • ​No Exit​ at the Internet Broadway Database

exit, other, uses, disambiguation, french, huis, clos, pronounced, 1944, existentialist, french, play, jean, paul, sartre, play, first, performed, théâtre, vieux, colombier, 1944, play, begins, with, three, characters, find, themselves, waiting, mysterious, ro. For other uses see No Exit disambiguation No Exit French Huis clos pronounced ɥi klo is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean Paul Sartre The play was first performed at the Theatre du Vieux Colombier in May 1944 1 2 The play begins with three characters who find themselves waiting in a mysterious room It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity It is the source of Sartre s especially famous phrase L enfer c est les autres or Hell is other people a reference to Sartre s ideas about the look and the perpetual ontological struggle of being caused to see oneself as an object from the view of another consciousness 3 No ExitCover of the Vintage editionWritten byJean Paul SartreCharactersJoseph GarcinInez SerranoEstelle RigaultValetEnglish translations have also been performed under the titles In Camera No Way Out Vicious Circle Behind Closed Doors and Dead End The original title Huis clos closed door is the French equivalent of the legal term in camera Latin in a chamber referring to a private discussion behind closed doors Contents 1 Plot 2 Characters 3 Critical reception 4 Adaptations 4 1 Audio 4 2 Film 4 3 Television 4 4 Theatre 4 5 Opera 4 6 Parodies 5 References 6 External linksPlot EditThree damned souls Joseph Garcin Inez Serrano and Estelle Rigault are brought to the same room in Hell and locked inside by a mysterious valet They had all expected torture devices to punish them for eternity but instead find a plain room furnished in the style of the French Second Empire At first none of them will admit the reason for their damnation Garcin says that he was executed for being an outspoken pacifist while Estelle insists that a mistake has been made Inez however is the only one to demand that they all stop lying to themselves and confess to their moral crimes She refuses to believe that they have all ended up in the room by accident and soon realizes that they have been placed together to make each other miserable She deduces that they are to be one another s torturers Garcin suggests that they try to leave each other alone and to be silent but Inez starts to sing about execution and Estelle vainly wants to find a mirror to check on her appearance Inez tries to seduce Estelle by offering to be her mirror by telling her everything she sees but ends up frightening her instead It is soon clear that Inez is attracted to Estelle Estelle is attracted to Garcin and Garcin is not attracted to either of the two women After arguing they decide to confess to their crimes so they know what to expect from each other Garcin cheated on and mistreated his wife and was executed by firing squad for desertion Inez is a manipulative sadist who seduced her cousin s wife Florence while living with them and convinced her to leave her husband the cousin was later hit and killed by a tram and Florence asphyxiated herself and Inez by flooding the room with gas while they slept and Estelle had an affair and then killed the resulting child prompting the child s father to commit suicide Despite their revelations they continue to get on each other s nerves Garcin finally begins giving in to the lascivious Estelle s escalating attempts to seduce him which drives Inez crazy Garcin is constantly interrupted by his own guilt however and begs Estelle to tell him that he is not a coward for attempting to flee his country during wartime While she complies Inez mockingly tells him that Estelle is just feigning attraction to him so that she can be with a man any man This causes Garcin to abruptly attempt an escape After his trying to open the door repeatedly it inexplicably and suddenly opens but he is unable to bring himself to leave and the others remain as well He says that he will not be saved until he can convince Inez that he is not cowardly She refuses saying that he is obviously a coward and promising to make him miserable forever Garcin concludes that rather than torture devices or physical punishment hell is other people Estelle tries to persevere in her seduction of Garcin but he says that he cannot make love while Inez is watching Estelle infuriated picks up a paper knife and repeatedly stabs Inez Inez chides Estelle saying that they are all already dead and even furiously stabs herself to prove that point As Estelle begins to laugh hysterically at the idea of them being dead and trapped together forever the others join in a prolonged fit of laughter before Garcin finally concludes Eh bien continuons Well then let s get on with it Characters EditJoseph Garcin He is a journalist who lived in the barracks in Rio and died after refusing to fight in an unnamed war His cowardice and callousness caused his young wife to die of grief after his execution He was unfaithful to his wife he even recalls without any sympathy bringing home another woman one night and his wife bringing them their morning coffee after hearing their engagement all night Initially he hates Inez because she understands his weakness and wants Estelle because he feels that if she treats him as a man he will become manly However by the end of the play he understands that because Inez understands the meaning of cowardice and wickedness only absolution at her hands can redeem him if indeed redemption is possible In a later translation and adaptation of the play by American translator Paul Bowles Garcin is renamed Vincent Cradeau Inez Serrano Inez is the second character to enter the room A lesbian postal clerk she turned a wife against her husband twisting the wife s perception of her spouse and the subsequent death of the man who is also her cousin Inez seems to be the only character who understands the power of opinion manipulating Estelle s and Garcin s opinions of themselves and of each other throughout the play She is honest about the evil deeds she Garcin and Estelle have done She frankly acknowledges the fact that she is a cruel person Estelle Rigault Estelle is a high society woman who married an older man for his money and had an affair with a younger man To her the affair is merely an insignificant fling but her lover becomes emotionally attached to her and she bears him a child She drowns the child by throwing it off the balcony of a hotel into the sea which drives her lover to commit suicide Throughout the play she tries to get at Garcin seeking to define herself as a woman in relation to a man Her sins are deceit and murder which also motivated a suicide She lusts over manly men which Garcin himself strives to be Valet The Valet enters the room with each character but his only real dialogue is with Garcin We learn little about him except that his uncle is the head valet and that he does not have any eyelids which links to Garcin because Garcin s eyelids are atrophied Critical reception EditThe play was widely praised when it was first performed Upon its 1946 American premiere at the Biltmore Theatre critic Stark Young described the play as a phenomenon of the modern theatre played all over the continent already in The New Republic and wrote that It should be seen whether you like it or not 4 Adaptations EditAudio Edit In 1946 the BBC broadcast a production with Alec Guinness as Garcin Donald Pleasence as the Valet Betty Ann Davies as Estelle and Beatrix Lehmann as Inez all of whom starred in the first London stage production see below The translation was by Margery Gerbain and Joan Swinstead Riverside Records released a 2 LP recording of the Paul Bowles translation in 1961 RLP 7004 5 with Douglas Watson as Garcin Cradeau Nancy Wickwire as Inez and Betty Field as Estelle In 1968 Caedmon Records released a 2 LP recording of the Paul Bowles translation directed by Howard Sackler TRS 327 with Donald Pleasence as Garcin Cradeau Glenda Jackson as Inez and Anna Massey as Estelle Film Edit Huis clos 1954 directed by Jacqueline Audry No Exit 1962 directed by Tad DanielewskiTelevision Edit In 1964 the BBC broadcast an adaptation with Harold Pinter as Garcin broadcast as part of its The Wednesday Play anthology series It was adapted and directed by Philip Saville 5 In a 2019 episode of Mr Robot Mr Robot showed off a No Exit book while the main protagonist was trapped in a honeypot in a Manhattan apartment citation needed Theatre Edit The play first premiered in Paris France 1944 at the Theatre du Vieux Colombier starring Gaby Silvia as Estelle Tania Balachova who was the ex wife of director Raymond Rouleau as Inez and Michel Vitold as Garcin 6 The first Broadway stage production using the Paul Bowles translation ran for three weeks in 1946 at the Biltmore Theatre and starred Claude Dauphin as Garcin Peter Kass as the Bellboy Ruth Ford as Estelle and Annabella as Inez 7 The production was directed by John Huston The first stage production in London was performed in 1946 under the title Vicious Circle at the Arts Theatre Club and starred Alec Guinness as Garcin Donald Pleasence as the Valet Betty Ann Davies as Estelle and Beatrix Lehmann as Inez 8 The production was directed by Peter Brook and the translation was by Margery Gerbain and Joan Swinstead In 2018 after raising 4558 through Kickstarter 9 a Snowden inspired adaptation premiered at Drill Hall in Edinburgh and the Fringe Opera Edit A one act chamber opera based on the play was created by composer Andy Vores The production had its world premiere on April 25 2008 at the Boston Conservatory s Zack Theatre 10 Vores opera premiered in Chicago in October 2009 by Chicago Opera Vanguard Parodies Edit Talk Show from Hell a modern parody by Jean Noel Fenwick was produced by the Open Fist Theatre in Los Angeles California in 2000 11 Mike Schur has compared his show The Good Place which involves a demon trying to design a novel type of hell in which the inhabitants create one another s torments to Sartre s play 12 References Edit Mr Robot Season 4 Episode 1 Elliot gets into an HoneyPot book can be seen along with Joseph Garcin s signature on the book No Exit Reference shot Wallace Fowlie Dionysus in Paris New York Meridian Books inc 1960 page 173 Danto Arthur 1975 Chapter 4 Shame or The Problem of Other Minds Jean Paul Sartre Young Stark 9 December 1946 Weaknesses The New Republic pp 764 In Camera British Universities Film amp Video Council Galster Ingrid ed 2016 07 12 Alain Laubreaux Le Petit Parisien 3 juin 1944 Sartre devant la presse d Occupation Le dossier critique des Mouches et Huis clos Interferences Rennes Presses universitaires de Rennes pp 194 195 ISBN 978 2 7535 4643 1 retrieved 2022 06 02 League The Broadway No Exit Broadway Play Original IBDB ibdb com Production of Vicious Circle Theatricalia theatricalia com No Exit Performance Kickstarter On and off track Foley F Kathleen April 14 2000 In the Lively Sartre Parody Talk Show Hell Isn t Half Bad Los Angeles Times The Good Place The Podcast Chapter One June 1 2018 External links EditNo Exit at Wikipedia s sister projects Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata No Exit Script No Exit at Sparknotes com In Camera at IMDb No Exit at A R T 2006 production of No Exit at the American Repertory Theater No Exit at the Internet Broadway Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title No Exit amp oldid 1123679346, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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