No. 467 Squadron RAAF
No. 467 Squadron RAAF was a Royal Australian Air Force bomber squadron, active over North West Europe during World War II. Formed in November 1942 as an Article XV Squadron in Britain, the squadron was notionally an Australian squadron under the command of the Royal Air Force, and consisted of a mixture of personnel from various Commonwealth nations. After becoming operational in early 1943, the squadron flew operations in Occupied Europe until the end of the war flying Avro Lancaster heavy bombers. It was scheduled to deploy to the Far East to take part in further operations against Japan, but the war ended before it could complete its training and the squadron was disbanded in September 1945.
| No. 467 Squadron RAAF | |
|---|---|
Aircrew and ground staff from No. 467 Squadron RAAF with one of the squadron's Lancaster bombers in August 1944. The Lancaster is K-Kitty. Standing second from the right is navigator, Robert Sillett from Australia. | |
| Active | 7 November 1942 – 30 September 1945 |
| Country | Australia |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Australian Air Force |
| Role | Bomber squadron |
| Part of | No. 5 Group RAF, Bomber Command[1] |
| Motto(s) | Recidite Adversarius Atque Ferociter[2] (Loosely translated as: "Your opponents will retreat because of your courageous attack") |
| Battle honours |
|
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | John Balmer (1943–1944)[3] William Brill (1944)[3] |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron badge | A Kookaburra with a snake in its beak (unofficial)[2] |
| Squadron code | PO (1942–1945)[4][5] |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | Avro Lancaster |
History edit
No. 467 Squadron was formed at RAF Scampton, Lincolnshire, in the United Kingdom, under the Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS) on 7 November 1942 and was equipped with Avro Lancaster heavy bombers. Under the terms of the EATS, the squadron was nominally a Royal Australian Air Force unit, but it was manned by a mixture of Commonwealth personnel, the majority being British originally, although as the war progressed more Australians were posted in. Soon after becoming operational the squadron moved to RAF Bottesford, Leicestershire; it remained for a year before moving back to Lincolnshire, at RAF Waddington.[6][7]
The squadron formed part of No. 5 Group, RAF Bomber Command, and flew its first operation on 2 January 1943, laying mines off the French coast near Furze. Five days later, it undertook a bombing raid on Essen in Germany.[6] It suffered its first combat loss in April 1943 during a bombing raid on Thieuloy L'Abbaye,[8] and after this it conducted raids on Germany, France, Norway, Czechoslovakia, and Italy from until 1945.[9] According to the RAAF Museum, during these raids the squadron gained a reputation for accurate bombing and was selected to attack the Dortmund-Ems Canal, an important and heavily defended German transport artery, on several occasions.[8]
The squadron was initially formed with three flights – designated 'A', 'B' and 'C' – although it was usual practice for Lancaster squadrons to consist of only two. In November 1943, No. 467 Squadron lost its third flight when it was used to raise No. 463 Squadron RAAF, another heavy bomber unit flying Lancasters.[10][11]
The squadron took part in several notable actions including the bombings of the Ruhr, Berlin, and Hamburg. The squadron was also employed to attack targets around Peenemunde and other targets associated with the V1 and V2 rockets. It also supported the Normandy landings and the subsequent Allied breakout in 1944, and Operation Plunder, as the Allies crossed the Rhine and advanced into Germany the following year.[9] To facilitate attacks deeper into Axis territory, in mid-1943 Bomber Command aircraft undertook several "shuttle service" raids, which involved aircraft departing England, attacking a target in Europe and then landing in North Africa where they would replenish before turning around and attacking another target and then return to England. No. 467 Squadron aircraft were the first to undertake such a raid, doing so on 20 June 1943, striking targets in Friederichshafen on the first leg and then Spezia on the return.[9]
The squadron's final operation before Germany capitulated came against an oil refinery at Vallo, in Norway, on the night of 25/26 April 1945. Following the end of the war in Europe, No. 467 Squadron's aircraft were used to transport liberated Allied prisoners of war to the United Kingdom.[12] Later, in June, it moved to RAF Metheringham and was selected to form part of Tiger Force,[9] which was being formed to operate against Japan from bases in Okinawa.[13] At this time, the squadron began training to convert its aircrew from Lancasters to B-24 Liberators.[12] The war ended before the squadron deployed to Asia and it was disbanded in the United Kingdom at Metheringham on 30 September 1945. During the war, the squadron flew a total of 3,833 sorties, during which it lost 118 aircraft. A total of 760 aircrew from 467 Squadron were killed, of which 284 were Australians.[9]
No. 467 Squadron operated several famous Lancasters, amongst them LL843, survivor of 118 missions, and R5868, "S" for Sugar, which flew 137 operational sorties, a total that was exceeded by only one other RAF Bomber (Lancaster ED888).[14] After the war this aircraft was selected to be preserved and could be seen for several years at the entrance of the squadron's first base, RAF Scampton. It now resides at the Royal Air Force Museum at the site of the former Royal Air Force station RAF Hendon, Colindale, London.[15] The front section of the fuselage of another of the squadron's Lancasters, PO-F (DV372), is on display at the Imperial War Museum in London. PO-F (DV372) flew 49 missions.[16]
Aircraft operated edit
No. 467 Squadron operated the following aircraft:[14][17][18]
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| November 1942 | June 1945 | Avro Lancaster | Mks.I, III |
| June 1945 | September 1945 | B-24 Liberator |
Squadron bases edit
No. 467 Squadron operated from the following bases:[14][17][19]
| From | To | Base |
|---|---|---|
| 7 November 1942 | 24 November 1942 | RAF Scampton, Lincolnshire |
| 24 November 1942 | 12 November 1943 | RAF Bottesford, Leicestershire |
| 12 November 1943 | 16 June 1945 | RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire |
| 16 June 1945 | 30 September 1945 | RAF Metheringham, Lincolnshire |
Commanding officers edit
No. 467 Squadron was commanded by the following officers:[9]
| From | To | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 7 November 1942 | 15 August 1943 (KIA) | Wing Commander C.L. Gomm, DSO, DFC |
| 16 August 1943 | 18 August 1943 (KIA) | Squadron Leader Alfred S. Raphael DFC |
| 18 August 1943 | 11 May 1944 (KIA) | Wing Commander J.R. Balmer, OBE, DFC |
| 12 May 1944 | 8 February 1945 | Wing Commander W.L. Brill, DSO, DFC & Bar |
| 8 February 1945 | 8 February 1945 (KIA) | Wing Commander J.K. Douglas, DFC, AFC |
| 9 February 1945 | 4 March 1945 (KIA) | Wing Commander E. Le Page Langlois, DFC |
| 4 March 1945 | 30 September 1945 | Wing Commander I.A.H. Hay, DFC |
See also edit
References edit
- Footnotes
- ^ Delve 1994, pp. 62, 69, 77.
- ^ a b "Heraldry". 467 and 463 RAAF Squadrons History. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ a b RAAF Historical Section 1995, p. 147.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 83.
- ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 97.
- ^ a b Barnes 2000, p. 318.
- ^ RAAF Historical Section 1995, p. 144.
- ^ a b "467 Squadron". RAAF Museum. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f "467 Squadron RAAF". Second World War, 1939–1945 units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ Woods 2012, p. 52.
- ^ Barnes 2000, p. 319.
- ^ a b Barnes 2000, p. 321.
- ^ Fowler 2008, p. 94.
- ^ a b c Moyes 1976, p. 260.
- ^ Franks 1994, p. 29.
- ^ "RAAF A66 Avro Lancaster Mk.I/III". Australian & New Zealand Military Aircraft Serials & History. ADF Serials. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ a b Halley 1988, p. 484.
- ^ Jefford 2001, p. 95.
- ^ Jefford 2001, pp. 95, 208–209.
- Bibliography
- Barnes, Norman (2000). The RAAF and the Flying Squadrons. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-130-2.
- Blundell, Harold M. (1975). They Flew From Waddington! 463–467 Lancaster Squadrons, Royal Australian Air Force. Sydney, New South Wales: W. Homer. OCLC 219792361.
- Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
- Delve, Ken (1994). The Source Book of the RAF. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
- Easton, Arnold (1997). We Flew Old Fred – The Fox, Lancaster PO-F (DV372): The Operational Record of Forty-Nine Bombing Raids During World War II. Newstead, Victoria: Hudson Publishing. ISBN 0-949873-64-0.
- Eather, Steve (1995). Flying Squadrons of the Australian Defence Force. Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory: Aerospace Publications. pp. 127–128. ISBN 1-875671-15-3.
- Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes Since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
- Fowler, David (2008). God Bless the Prince of Wales: Volume 1 – The War Years. Scarborough, United Kingdom: Farthings. ISBN 9780955856402.
- Franks, Norman (1994). Claims to Fame: The Lancaster. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-220-0.
- Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom: Air-Britain (Historians). p. 484. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
- Jefford, C.G. (2001) [1988]. RAF Squadrons: A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and Their Antecedents Since 1912 (2nd ed.). Shropshire, United Kingdom: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- Moyes, Philip J.R. (1976). Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and Their Aircraft (2nd ed.). London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers). pp. 259–260. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
- RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History Volume 3: Bomber Units. Canberra: Australian Capital Territory: AGPS Press. ISBN 9780644427968.
- Woods, Laurie (2012). To Hell and Back: Aussie Sky Heroes in Bomber Command. Boolarong Press. ISBN 9781921920424.
External links edit
- 467 Squadron RAAF Museum
- Website of 467 Sqn RAAF Association
- 467 squadron history on RAF website
- R5868 S-Sugar colour sideview
- 467 Squadron photos, life stories, documents, and memorabilia at the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive.