Nitria (also called the Mountain of Nitria or Petoou Mpihosm in Greek and Latin sources) is one of the earliest Christian monastic sites in Egypt and is located in the Nitrian Desert.[1] It was the first of the three major centers of Christian monastic activity in the Lower Egypt, the other two being Kellia and Scetis.[1]
Nitria was founded in c. 325-330 by Amoun of Nitria[2] and quickly attracted thousands of monks through the remainder of the 4th century.[1] By 390, it had evolved from a loose collection of solitary monks to an organized settlement of multiple cenobitic monasteries, and included bankers, merchants, and sellers.[1]Jerome, who visited Nitria in 386, said that it had over five-thousand monks.[3][2]Palladius of Galatia, who lived there in 390, gave a similar estimate in his Lausaic History.
Christian pilgrims from the nearby city of Alexandria visited Nitria in large numbers, the monks servicing their needs.[1] Other monks sought more remote areas, away from tourists and merchants, and established a monastic center in Kellia c. 338.
The monastic population in Nitria declined during the fifth and sixth centuries, and the site was abandoned sometime in the middle of the seventh century.[1] Nitria should not be confused with the monasteries at Wadi El Natrun (formally known as Scetis), which are still in existence.
Onomatologyedit
Nitria was named after a nearby town which took its name from the natural deposits of natron, a salt used by the Ancient Egyptians in the embalming of mummies.[1] The English and German word "natron" was first a Frenchcognate which has its origin from the Spanish "natrón" through Latin "natrium" and Greek "nitron" (νίτρον). This root derives from the Ancient Egyptian word "nṯrj". Natron refers to Wadi El Natrun (English: Natron Valley) in Egypt, where natron salt was mined by the ancient Copts and Egyptians. Natron was also used for washing garments. This led to the symbolism that Nitria is where men's sins were washed away.[2]
Although Nitria is often called the Mountain of Nitria, there is little geographical elevation difference between Nitria and the surrounding region. It was likely called this referring to Matthew 5:14 where Jesus describes his followers as being a "city on a hill".
The ancient site of Nitria was located by the archaeologistHugh Evelyn-White (1884-1924) sometime between 1917 and 1922.[2][4] It is located approximately 13.7 Kilometers southwest of Damanhur by the village of Al Barnuji, 19.3 Kilometers from Kellia, and about 50 Kilometers south of Alexandria.[2] The coordinates of Nitria are 30.928651°N, 30.385628°E. Nitria is not as far in the desert at Scetis,[5] and according to Historia Monachorum in Aegypto,[6] it takes 24 hours to walk from Nitria to Scetis.
^ abcdefgRoger S. Bagnall, etc. Egypt from Alexander to the early Christians: An Archaeological and Historical Guide, Getty Publications, 2004. pg. 108-112
^ abcde. 2019-12-01. Archived from the original on 2022-08-10. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
^"CHURCH FATHERS: Letter 22 (Jerome)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
^"Hugh Evelyn-White (1884-1924) | Special Collections | Library | University of Leeds". library.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
^Suciu, Alin (2011-09-24). "Nitria and Scetis: H. G. Evelyn White,The Monasteries of the Wadi 'N Natrun". Alin Suciu. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
^Cain, Andrew (2016). The Greek Historia Monachorum in Aegypto: Monastic Hagiography in the Late Fourth Century. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198758259.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-875825-9.
External linksedit
Map of Al Barnuji, via Google Maps. Note the natron lake one kilometer to the south.
nitria, monastic, site, also, scetis, kellia, nitria, also, called, mountain, nitria, petoou, mpihosm, greek, latin, sources, earliest, christian, monastic, sites, egypt, located, nitrian, desert, first, three, major, centers, christian, monastic, activity, lo. See also Scetis and Kellia Nitria also called the Mountain of Nitria or Petoou Mpihosm in Greek and Latin sources is one of the earliest Christian monastic sites in Egypt and is located in the Nitrian Desert 1 It was the first of the three major centers of Christian monastic activity in the Lower Egypt the other two being Kellia and Scetis 1 Contents 1 History 2 Onomatology 3 Location 4 List 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editNitria was founded in c 325 330 by Amoun of Nitria 2 and quickly attracted thousands of monks through the remainder of the 4th century 1 By 390 it had evolved from a loose collection of solitary monks to an organized settlement of multiple cenobitic monasteries and included bankers merchants and sellers 1 Jerome who visited Nitria in 386 said that it had over five thousand monks 3 2 Palladius of Galatia who lived there in 390 gave a similar estimate in his Lausaic History Christian pilgrims from the nearby city of Alexandria visited Nitria in large numbers the monks servicing their needs 1 Other monks sought more remote areas away from tourists and merchants and established a monastic center in Kellia c 338 The monastic population in Nitria declined during the fifth and sixth centuries and the site was abandoned sometime in the middle of the seventh century 1 Nitria should not be confused with the monasteries at Wadi El Natrun formally known as Scetis which are still in existence Onomatology editNitria was named after a nearby town which took its name from the natural deposits of natron a salt used by the Ancient Egyptians in the embalming of mummies 1 The English and German word natron was first a French cognate which has its origin from the Spanish natron through Latin natrium and Greek nitron nitron This root derives from the Ancient Egyptian word nṯrj Natron refers to Wadi El Natrun English Natron Valley in Egypt where natron salt was mined by the ancient Copts and Egyptians Natron was also used for washing garments This led to the symbolism that Nitria is where men s sins were washed away 2 Although Nitria is often called the Mountain of Nitria there is little geographical elevation difference between Nitria and the surrounding region It was likely called this referring to Matthew 5 14 where Jesus describes his followers as being a city on a hill Location edit nbsp nbsp Nitriaclass notpageimage Nitria is in Lower Egypt modern day Northern Egypt The ancient site of Nitria was located by the archaeologist Hugh Evelyn White 1884 1924 sometime between 1917 and 1922 2 4 It is located approximately 13 7 Kilometers southwest of Damanhur by the village of Al Barnuji 19 3 Kilometers from Kellia and about 50 Kilometers south of Alexandria 2 The coordinates of Nitria are 30 928651 N 30 385628 E Nitria is not as far in the desert at Scetis 5 and according to Historia Monachorum in Aegypto 6 it takes 24 hours to walk from Nitria to Scetis List editPartial list of monks who inhabited Nitria Or of Nitria Serapion of Nitria Amoun of Nitria Cronius of Nitria Anthony the Great Bessarion of Egypt Chaeremon of Nitria The Tall Brothers Isaac of the Cells John of Egypt Macarius of Alexandria Macarius of Egypt Albianos Pambo Pishoy Sisoes the Great Ammonas of EgyptSee also editDesert Fathers Eastern Orthodox ChurchReferences edit a b c d e f g Roger S Bagnall etc Egypt from Alexander to the early Christians An Archaeological and Historical Guide Getty Publications 2004 pg 108 112 a b c d e Nitria Coptic Wiki 2019 12 01 Archived from the original on 2022 08 10 Retrieved 2022 06 11 CHURCH FATHERS Letter 22 Jerome www newadvent org Retrieved 2022 06 11 Hugh Evelyn White 1884 1924 Special Collections Library University of Leeds library leeds ac uk Retrieved 2022 06 11 Suciu Alin 2011 09 24 Nitria and Scetis H G Evelyn White The Monasteries of the Wadi N Natrun Alin Suciu Retrieved 2022 06 11 Cain Andrew 2016 The Greek Historia Monachorum in Aegypto Monastic Hagiography in the Late Fourth Century Oxford Early Christian Studies Oxford Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acprof oso 9780198758259 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 875825 9 External links editMap of Al Barnuji via Google Maps Note the natron lake one kilometer to the south Nitria and Kellia maps and information 30 55 43 N 30 23 08 E 30 928651 N 30 385628 E 30 928651 30 385628 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nitria monastic site amp oldid 1183674495, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
