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Ninon de l'Enclos

February 13, 2024

Anne "Ninon" de l'Enclos, also spelled Ninon de Lenclos and Ninon de Lanclos (10 November 1620[1] – 17 October 1705), was a French author, courtesan and patron of the arts.[2]

Ninon de L'Enclos
Ninon de L'Enclos, by unknown artist.
Born(1620-11-10)10 November 1620[1]
Paris, France
Died17 October 1705(1705-10-17) (aged 84)
Paris, France

Early life edit

Born Anne de l'Enclos in Paris on 10 November 1620,[1] she was nicknamed "Ninon" at an early age by her father, Henri de l'Enclos, a lutenist and published composer, who taught her to sing and play the lute.[3] In 1632, he was exiled from France after a duel. When Ninon's mother, Marie Barbe de la Marche, died ten years later, the unmarried Ninon entered a convent, only to leave the next year. For the remainder of her life she was determined to remain unmarried and independent.[4]

Life as a courtesan and author edit

Returning to Paris, she became a popular figure in the salons, and her own drawing room became a centre for the discussion and consumption of the literary arts. In her early thirties she was responsible for encouraging the young Molière, and when she died she left money for the son of her notary, a nine-year-old named François-Marie Arouet, later to become known as Voltaire, so he could buy books.

It was during this period that her life as a courtesan began. Ninon took a succession of notable and wealthy lovers, including the king's cousin the Great Condé, Gaston de Coligny, and François, duc de La Rochefoucauld. These men did not support her, however; she prided herself on her independent income. "Ninon always had crowds of adorers but never more than one lover at a time, and when she tired of the present occupier, she said so frankly and took another. Yet such was the authority of this wanton, that no man dared fall out with his successful rival; he was only too happy to be allowed to visit as a familiar friend," Saint-Simon wrote. In 1652, Ninon took up with Louis de Mornay, the marquis de Villarceaux, by whom she had a son, also named Louis. She lived with the marquis until 1655, when she returned to Paris. When she would not return to him, the marquis fell into a fever; to console him, Ninon cut her hair and sent the shorn locks to him, starting a vogue for bobbed hair à la Ninon.[5]

This life (less acceptable in her time than it would become in later years) and her opinions on organised religion caused her some trouble, and she was imprisoned in the Madelonnettes Convent in 1656 at the behest of Anne of Austria, Queen of France and regent for her son Louis XIV. Not long after, however, she was visited by Christina, former queen of Sweden. Impressed, Christina wrote to Cardinal Mazarin on Ninon's behalf and arranged for her release.

 
Etching by Antoine-Jean-Baptiste Coupé.

In response, as an author she defended the possibility of living a good life in the absence of religion, notably in 1659's La coquette vengée (The Flirt Avenged). She was also noted for her wit; among her numerous sayings and quips are "Much more genius is needed to make love than to command armies" and "We should take care to lay in a stock of provisions, but not of pleasures: these should be gathered day by day." A picture of Ninon, under the name of Damo, was sketched in Mlle. de Scudéry's Clélie (1654–1661).[6]

Starting in the late 1660s she retired from her courtesan lifestyle and concentrated more on her literary friends – from 1667, she hosted her gatherings at l'hôtel Sagonne, which was considered "the" location of the salon of Ninon de l'Enclos despite other locales in the past. During this time she was a friend of Jean Racine, the great French playwright. Later she would become a close friend with the devout Françoise d'Aubigné, better known as Madame de Maintenon, the lady-in-waiting who would later become the second wife of Louis XIV. Saint-Simon wrote that "The lady did not like her to be mentioned in her presence, but dared not disown her, and wrote cordial letters to her from time to time, to the day of her death". Ninon eventually died at the age of 84, as a very wealthy woman. To the end, she "was convinced that she had no soul, and never abandoned that conviction, not even in advanced old age, not even at the hour of her death."[7]

Legacy edit

Ninon de l'Enclos is a relatively obscure figure in the English-speaking world, but is much better known in France where her name is synonymous with wit and beauty. Saint-Simon noted "Ninon made friends among the great in every walk of life, had wit and intelligence enough to keep them, and, what is more, to keep them friendly with one another."

Edgar Allan Poe mentioned her in his short story "The spectacles," as did Rudyard Kipling the "Venus Annodomini". Edwin Arlington Robinson used Ninon as a symbol of aging beauty in his poem "Veteran Sirens." Dorothy Parker wrote the poem "Ninon De L'Enclos On Her Last Birthday" and also referred to Ninon in another of her poems, "Words Of Comfort To Be Scratched On A Mirror". L'Enclos is the eponymous heroine of Charles Lecocq's 1896 opéra comique, Ninette.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Sources also list her birth date as 9 January 1623; see Wall, Glenda (1991). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers. Vol. 1. New York: Garland. pp. 717–718. ISBN 978-0-8240-8547-6. and Chew III, William L. (2002). "Lenclos, Ninon de (1623–1705)". . Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications. ISBN 0-7876-4074-3. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  2. ^ Roger Duchêne, Ninon de l'Enclos: La courtisane du grand siècle (Paris 1984).
  3. ^ Dugot, Joël & Ledbetter, David (2001). "L'Enclos, Henri de". In Sadie, Stanley & Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.‎
  4. ^ Harrison, David (January 2007). "Portrait of the courtesan: the 'two bodies' of Ninon de Lenclos". Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature. 34 (67): 309+ – via Academic OneFile.
  5. ^ Prioleau, Elizabeth. Seductress: Women Who Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love (2004)
  6. ^ Benjamin W. Wells, "La Calprenède and Scudéry" The Sewanee Review 6.4 (October 1898:439–460) p. 457
  7. ^ Paul Hazard, The Crisis of the European Mind, 1680-1715 (New York: New York Review Books 2013), p. 123.
  8. ^ "The Drama in Paris", The Era, 7 March 1896, p. 13

[1] The 1911 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica lists her date of birth being in November 1615.

Further reading edit

  • Lucy Norton, Saint-Simon at Versailles, 1958 p. 100f.
  • Michel Vergé-Franceschi, Ninon de Lenclos, Libertine du Grand Siècle, Paris, Payot, 2014, 432 pages

External links edit

 
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Ninon de l'Enclos.
  1. ^ "Lenclos, Ninon de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 418.

February 13, 2024
ninon, enclos, anne, ninon, enclos, also, spelled, ninon, lenclos, ninon, lanclos, november, 1620, october, 1705, french, author, courtesan, patron, arts, ninon, enclosninon, enclos, unknown, artist, born, 1620, november, 1620, paris, francedied17, october, 17. Anne Ninon de l Enclos also spelled Ninon de Lenclos and Ninon de Lanclos 10 November 1620 1 17 October 1705 was a French author courtesan and patron of the arts 2 Ninon de L EnclosNinon de L Enclos by unknown artist Born 1620 11 10 10 November 1620 1 Paris FranceDied17 October 1705 1705 10 17 aged 84 Paris France Contents 1 Early life 2 Life as a courtesan and author 3 Legacy 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksEarly life editBorn Anne de l Enclos in Paris on 10 November 1620 1 she was nicknamed Ninon at an early age by her father Henri de l Enclos a lutenist and published composer who taught her to sing and play the lute 3 In 1632 he was exiled from France after a duel When Ninon s mother Marie Barbe de la Marche died ten years later the unmarried Ninon entered a convent only to leave the next year For the remainder of her life she was determined to remain unmarried and independent 4 Life as a courtesan and author editReturning to Paris she became a popular figure in the salons and her own drawing room became a centre for the discussion and consumption of the literary arts In her early thirties she was responsible for encouraging the young Moliere and when she died she left money for the son of her notary a nine year old named Francois Marie Arouet later to become known as Voltaire so he could buy books It was during this period that her life as a courtesan began Ninon took a succession of notable and wealthy lovers including the king s cousin the Great Conde Gaston de Coligny and Francois duc de La Rochefoucauld These men did not support her however she prided herself on her independent income Ninon always had crowds of adorers but never more than one lover at a time and when she tired of the present occupier she said so frankly and took another Yet such was the authority of this wanton that no man dared fall out with his successful rival he was only too happy to be allowed to visit as a familiar friend Saint Simon wrote In 1652 Ninon took up with Louis de Mornay the marquis de Villarceaux by whom she had a son also named Louis She lived with the marquis until 1655 when she returned to Paris When she would not return to him the marquis fell into a fever to console him Ninon cut her hair and sent the shorn locks to him starting a vogue for bobbed hair a la Ninon 5 This life less acceptable in her time than it would become in later years and her opinions on organised religion caused her some trouble and she was imprisoned in the Madelonnettes Convent in 1656 at the behest of Anne of Austria Queen of France and regent for her son Louis XIV Not long after however she was visited by Christina former queen of Sweden Impressed Christina wrote to Cardinal Mazarin on Ninon s behalf and arranged for her release nbsp Etching by Antoine Jean Baptiste Coupe In response as an author she defended the possibility of living a good life in the absence of religion notably in 1659 s La coquette vengee The Flirt Avenged She was also noted for her wit among her numerous sayings and quips are Much more genius is needed to make love than to command armies and We should take care to lay in a stock of provisions but not of pleasures these should be gathered day by day A picture of Ninon under the name of Damo was sketched in Mlle de Scudery s Clelie 1654 1661 6 Starting in the late 1660s she retired from her courtesan lifestyle and concentrated more on her literary friends from 1667 she hosted her gatherings at l hotel Sagonne which was considered the location of the salon of Ninon de l Enclos despite other locales in the past During this time she was a friend of Jean Racine the great French playwright Later she would become a close friend with the devout Francoise d Aubigne better known as Madame de Maintenon the lady in waiting who would later become the second wife of Louis XIV Saint Simon wrote that The lady did not like her to be mentioned in her presence but dared not disown her and wrote cordial letters to her from time to time to the day of her death Ninon eventually died at the age of 84 as a very wealthy woman To the end she was convinced that she had no soul and never abandoned that conviction not even in advanced old age not even at the hour of her death 7 Legacy editNinon de l Enclos is a relatively obscure figure in the English speaking world but is much better known in France where her name is synonymous with wit and beauty Saint Simon noted Ninon made friends among the great in every walk of life had wit and intelligence enough to keep them and what is more to keep them friendly with one another Edgar Allan Poe mentioned her in his short story The spectacles as did Rudyard Kipling the Venus Annodomini Edwin Arlington Robinson used Ninon as a symbol of aging beauty in his poem Veteran Sirens Dorothy Parker wrote the poem Ninon De L Enclos On Her Last Birthday and also referred to Ninon in another of her poems Words Of Comfort To Be Scratched On A Mirror L Enclos is the eponymous heroine of Charles Lecocq s 1896 opera comique Ninette 8 References edit a b c Sources also list her birth date as 9 January 1623 see Wall Glenda 1991 An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Vol 1 New York Garland pp 717 718 ISBN 978 0 8240 8547 6 and Chew III William L 2002 Lenclos Ninon de 1623 1705 Women in World History A Biographical Encyclopedia Waterford Connecticut Yorkin Publications ISBN 0 7876 4074 3 Archived from the original on 20 February 2016 Retrieved 23 November 2015 Roger Duchene Ninon de l Enclos La courtisane du grand siecle Paris 1984 Dugot Joel amp Ledbetter David 2001 L Enclos Henri de In Sadie Stanley amp Tyrrell John eds The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2nd ed London Macmillan Publishers ISBN 978 1 56159 239 5 Harrison David January 2007 Portrait of the courtesan the two bodies of Ninon de Lenclos Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature 34 67 309 via Academic OneFile Prioleau Elizabeth Seductress Women Who Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love 2004 Benjamin W Wells La Calprenede and Scudery The Sewanee Review 6 4 October 1898 439 460 p 457 Paul Hazard The Crisis of the European Mind 1680 1715 New York New York Review Books 2013 p 123 The Drama in Paris The Era 7 March 1896 p 13 1 The 1911 edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica lists her date of birth being in November 1615 Further reading editLucy Norton Saint Simon at Versailles 1958 p 100f Michel Verge Franceschi Ninon de Lenclos Libertine du Grand Siecle Paris Payot 2014 432 pagesExternal links edit nbsp Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article about Ninon de l Enclos Works by Ninon de Lenclos at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Ninon de l Enclos at Internet Archive Works by or about Ninon de Lenclos at Internet Archive Ninon de Lenclos Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Ninon de l Enclos at aelliott com Ninon de l Enclos New International Encyclopedia 1905 Ninon De Lenclos On Her Last Birthday Project Continua Biography of Ninon de l Enclos Lenclos Ninon de Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed 1911 p 418 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ninon de l 27Enclos amp oldid 1186180601, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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