Nineveh Plains offensive
| Nineveh Plains Offensive | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the War in Iraq, Military intervention against ISIL | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Iraqi Kurdistan Canada Air support: France United Kingdom United States | Islamic State | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Peshmerga CSOR | Military of ISIL | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown number of Kurdish Peshmerga 69 Canadian special forces | 300+ ISIL fighters | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 6+ Peshmerga fighters killed | 250+ ISIL fighters killed | ||||||
class=notpageimage| Location within Iraq | |||||||
The Nineveh Plains offensive was a battle in which the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) mounted a multi-front attack against Peshmerga forces in the area north and east of Mosul, in December 2015. The attack—the most significant ISIL military operation in the area in months, was successfully repelled by the Kurdish forces and was followed by a coalition air counter-offensive.[1]
Background edit
Over the past year, Kurdish forces had been slowly retaking positions around Mosul under ISIL control as part of the Mosul offensive (2015), notably retaking Sinjar in November. These positions threatened ISIL's control over Mosul. Disagreements between Kurds and Iraqi forces slowed the process of expelling ISIL. The Kurds appealed to the West for more military support.[2] It was noted that U.S. Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter was visiting the nearby city of Erbil to meet a Kurdish official on the day of the attack.[1]
Offensive edit
On December 16 and 17, ISIL launched a multi-front attack against the Kurdish defensive lines lasting 17 hours and involving at least 300 heavily armed ISIL fighters.[1] The offensive involved at least four coordinated attacks, in the Newaran, Bashik, Tl Eswed, Khazir and Zerdk Mountain areas,[3] as well as the Peshmerga bunkers in the village of Shindokha.[4] The attack involved an element of surprise,[5] and the ISIL fighters were able to briefly breach the lines before being repelled. The attack was described as "the hardest punch ISIL had thrown since this summer" by a U.S. military official.[6]
The military Zilikahn base, where 100–200 Turkish troops have been training local Kurd fighters, was also attacked by mortar fire and Katyusha rockets.[1] A spokesman for the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan said that the ISIL fighters were trying to target Peshmerga forces and attacked the Zilikan base by mistake.[7]
Canadian special forces, numbering 69, were also in the area to train Kurdish forces and were involved in the battle, laying down supporting fire to back up the Kurds as they undertook a counter-offensive Thursday.[8] Canadian forces have also in the past acted as spotters for coalition planes.
Brig. Gen Mark Odom, the senior American officer in the area, indicated that ISIL's principal objective may have been a "spoiling attack", meant to disrupt efforts to encircle and capture Mosul.[7] Iraq Kurdish president Masoud Barzani noted that the attack occurred on Kurdish Flag Day and speculated that it had been under preparation for a month.[9]
Tactics edit
ISIL fighters used mortars, rockets and several vehicular suicide bombers. In one area—Nawaran—extremists set off nine car bombs, according to local reports.[8] Trucks with mounted machine guns were also used in support,[7] as well as armored bulldozers, to fill defensive trenches protecting the Kurdish positions.[3] The attackers also took advantage of the bad weather to provide cover.[4]
The possible use of a drone by ISIL, possibly to direct mortar fire, was noted by Atheel al-Nujaifi, the former governor of Iraq's Nineveh province. Initially assumed to belong to the coalition, contacts revealed that it was not theirs.[1]
Air counterattack edit
American, British, French, and Canadian planes were involved in a series of airstrikes against the ISIL forces to assist the Kurds in repelling the attack.[8][10] ISIL positions were also bombed.[11] Some Kurdish commanders noted that while they were grateful for the Western air support, that they felt that the planes were somewhat late.[12]
Casualties edit
Estimates of ISIL casualties were of 70 killed by the Kurdish defenders,[13] and "at least 180" killed by airstrikes. Four Turkish soldiers were also injured.[1] Kurdish losses amounted to at least six dead.[11]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Missy Ryan and Loveday Morris. "Islamic State offensive in northern Iraq, although repelled, shows group’s resilience", The Washington Post, Irbil, 17 December 2015. Retrieved on 19 December 2015.
- ^ "Kurds seek help in fight against ISIL in Iraq". Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ a b "Major ISIS attacks repulsed on multiple fronts, 70 militants kil". Rudaw. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ a b "Peshmerga repel renewed ISIS attacks, militant leader killed". Rudaw. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ "Canadian Warplanes Help Blunt Major ISIL Offensive". The Huffington Post. 18 December 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ Berenson, Tessa (18 December 2015). "ISIS: 180 Fighters Killed in Iraq by American Airstrikes". Time. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Michael R. Gordon. "ISIS Carries Out First 'Serious' Attack in Northern Iraq in Months, U.S. Says", The New York Times, Erbil, 17 December 2015. Retrieved on 19 December 2015.
- ^ a b c The Canadian Press "Canadian forces strike back against ISIS offensive in northern Iraq", "CBC News", 17 December 2015. Retrieved on 19 December 2015.
- ^ "Barzani: ISIS had planned its recent offensive for a month". Rudaw. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ "Canadian Forces 'respond with fire' against ISIS in Iraq". CTVNews. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ a b "After intense clashes with Peshmerga, ISIS pounded by coalition". Rudaw. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ "VIDEO: Peshmerga fight off ISIS on multiple fronts". Rudaw. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ "Canadian forces help Peshmerga repel ISIS attack". Rudaw. Retrieved 20 December 2015.