Nina Cassian
Nina Cassian (pen name of Renée Annie Cassian-Mătăsaru;[1] 27 November 1924, in Galați – 14 April 2014, in New York City) was a Romanian poet, children's book writer, translator, journalist, accomplished pianist and composer, and film critic.[2] She spent the first sixty years of her life in Romania until she moved to the United States in 1985 for a teaching job. A few years later Cassian was granted permanent asylum and New York City became her home for the rest of her life. Much of her work was published both in Romanian and in English.
Nina Cassian | |
|---|---|
Cassian c. 1978 | |
| Born | Renée Annie Cassian-Mătăsaru 27 November 1924 Galați, Kingdom of Romania |
| Died | 14 April 2014 (aged 89) New York City, United States |
| Occupation |
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| Nationality | Romanian, American |
| Spouse | Vladimir Colin (1943–1948) Al. I. Ștefănescu Maurice Edwards |
Life and Work edit
Early life edit
Nina Cassian was born into a Jewish family in Galați in 1924, the only child of Iosif Cassian-Mătăsaru, a translator, and an amateur singer.[3] In 1926 the family moved to Brașov. Cassian's fascination with languages is said to date back to that time of her childhood since this is when she started spending time with children from the German and Hungarian community.[1][3] In 1935, the family moved to Bucharest, where Cassian attended a girl's high school in the Jewish neighborhood.[3]
Over the years she took drawing lessons with George Loewendal and M. H. Maxy, acting lessons with Beate Fredanov and Alexandru Finți, piano and musical composition lessons with Theodor Fuchs, Paul Jelescu, Mihail Jora, and Constantin Silvestri.[1]
She frequented left-wing intellectual circles and joined the Union of Communist Youth at age 16.[4] In 1944 she entered the Literature Department of the University of Bucharest, but abandoned her studies after one year.[1]
Life in Communist Romania edit
In the mid-40s Cassian started to find her place in the literary scene in Romania. She was married to the young poet Vladimir Colin in 1943 (their marriage lasted until 1948) and had a very close relation with Ion Barbu.[5] One of Barbu's poems, Ut algebra poesis ("As Algebra, So Poetry"), was written for her in 1946.[6] Most interestingly though, Cassian also formed a very close friendship with the famous poet Paul Celan during the time he lived in Bucharest (1945–1947). Along with other writers and artists, Celan and Cassian played surrealist games such as "Questions and Answers" or "Ioachim", which is the Bucharest version of André Breton's famous game, Exquisite corpse.[7] Cassian and Celan bonded over their fascination for languages and used multilingualism as an inspiration for their work.[7]
In 1945 Cassian published her first poem, Am fost un poet decadent ("I Used to Be a Decadent Poet") in the daily România Liberă,[8] and her first poetry collection, La scara 1/1 ("Scale 1:1") in 1947. These early publications were greatly influenced by French modernist poets she had spent time with, especially the surrealist writers are said to have had a lasting influence on Cassian.[3] It was labeled "decadent poetry" in a Scînteia article in 1948.[1][5] Scared by that fierce criticism, she then turned to writing in the proletkult and socialist-realistic fashion.[1][9] This phase lasted for about eight years.[5]
This is also when Cassian turned to writing children's books, such as Copper Red and the Seven Dachsies (which was published in English in 1985 after it had become a bestseller in Romania), and children's stories, such as Tigrino and Tigrene (which was written in verse and published in English in 1986, adapted from the Romanian original Povestea a doi pui de tigru, numiţi Ninigra şi Aligru).[10] In an interview in 1986, she explains why she made the choice to focus on children's literature: “It was in 1950, during the dogmatic period in Romania. Socialist realism is, unfortunately, characterized by the restraining of structures and styles and vocabulary. [...] So when I was asked to write in a rigid and simplified manner, I tried to do my best, but after awhile, I switched to literature for children because it was the only field where metaphors were still allowed, where imagination was tolerated and assonance was permitted.”[10] At least some of her children's stories and books have been translated to English but are not available in bookstores anymore today.
Cassian was later married to Al. I. Ștefănescu.[1] Although born into a Jewish family, he was Romanian Orthodox, and during their marriage, she stated that she was much closer to his religion than to Judaism, and that she had never read a page of the Talmud.[11]
Emigration and life in the USA edit
Cassian travelled to the United States as a visiting professor for creative writing at New York University in 1985.[3] During her stay in America, a friend of hers, Gheorghe Ursu, was arrested and subsequently beaten to death by the Securitate for possessing a diary. The diary contained several of Cassian's poems which satirized the Communist regime and the authorities thought to be inflammatory. Hence, she decided to remain in the US.
She was granted asylum in the United States, and continued to live in New York City.[12] Eventually, she became an American citizen.[13]
In the US, she started writing poems in English and published in The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly and other magazines.[14] Some of these poems were also published in collections, for example Life Sentence in 1990 and Take My Word for It in 1998, both of which are still available today.
In the US, she was married to Maurice Edwards.[15]
Cassian died of a cardiac arrest or heart attack in New York on 14 April 2014. She is survived by her husband.[16][17]
Books edit
- La scara 1/1, Bucharest, 1947
- Sufletul nostru, Bucharest, 1949
- An viu nouă sute șaptesprezece, Bucharest, 1949
- Nică fără frică, Bucharest, 1950
- Ce-a văzut Oana, Bucharest, 1952
- Horea nu mai este singur, Bucharest, 1952
- Tinerețe, Bucharest, 1953
- Florile patriei, Bucharest, 1954
- Versuri alese, Bucharest, 1955
- Vârstele anului, Bucharest, 1957
- Dialogul vântului cu marea, Bucharest, 1957
- Botgros, cățel fricos, Bucharest, 1957
- Prințul Miorlau, Bucharest, 1957
- Chipuri hazlii pentru copii, Bucharest, 1958
- Aventurile lui Trompișor, Bucharest, 1959
- Încurcă-lume, Bucharest, 1961
- Sărbătorile zilnice, Bucharest, 1961
- Spectacol în aer liber. O monografie a dragostei, Bucharest, 1961
- Curcubeu, Bucharest, 1962
- Poezii, foreword by Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu, Bucharest, 1962
- Să ne facem daruri, Bucharest, 1963
- Disciplina harfei, Bucharest, 1965
- Îl cunoașteți pe Tică?, Bucharest, 1966
- Sângele, Bucharest, 1966
- Destinele paralele. La scara 1/1,1967
- Uite-l este... Uite-l nu e, Bucharest, 1967
- Ambitus, Bucharest, 1969
- Întâmplări cu haz, Bucharest, 1969
- Povestea a doi pui de tigru numiți Ninigra și Aligru, Bucharest, 1969
- Cronofagie. 1944-1969, Bucharest, 1970
- Recviem, Bucharest, 1971
- Marea conjugare, Bucharest, 1971
- Atât de grozavă și adio. Confidențe fictive, Bucharest, 1971; Second edition (Confidențe fictive. Atât de grozavă și adio și alte proze), Bucharest, 1976
- Loto-Poeme, Bucharest, 1971
- Spectacol în aer liber. O (altă) monografie a dragostei, foreword by Liviu Călin, Bucharest, 1974
- Între noi, copii, Bucharest, 1974
- O sută de poeme, Bucharest, 1975
- Viraje-Virages, bilingual edition, translated by the author, Eugene Guillevic and Lily Denis, Bucharest, 1978
- De îndurare, Bucharest, 1981
- Blue Apple, translation by Eva Feiler, New York, 1981
- Numărătoarea inversă, Bucharest, 1983
- Jocuri de vacanță, Bucharest, 1983
- Roșcată ca arama și cei șapte șoricei, Bucharest, 1985
- Copper Red and the Seven Dachsies, 1985
- Lady of Miracles, translation by Laura Schiff, Berkeley, 1988
- Call Yourself Alive, translation by Brenda Walker and Andreea Deletant, London, 1988
- Life Sentence, New York-London, 1990
- Cheerleader for a Funeral, translation by the author and Brenda Walker, London-Boston, 1992
- Desfacerea lumii, Bucharest, 1997
- Take My Word for It, New York, 1997
- Something Old, Something New: Poems and Drawings, Tuscaloosa, 2002
- Memoria ca zestre, Cartea I (1948–1953, 1975–1979, 1987–2003), Cartea a II-a (1954–1985, 2003–2004), Cartea a III-a (1985–2005), Bucharest, 2003–2005
- Continuum, New York, 2009
Presence in English language anthologies edit
- Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry - 400 de ani de poezie românească - bilingual edition - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul & Eva Foster - Editura Minerva, 2019 - ISBN 978-973-21-1070-6
- Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present - bilingual edition English/Romanian - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul and Eva Foster - Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing - 2020 - ISBN 978-0-9953502-8-1 ; OCLC 1288167046
- Born in Utopia - An anthology of Modern and Contemporary Romanian Poetry - Carmen Firan and Paul Doru Mugur (editors) with Edward Foster - Talisman House Publishers - 2006 - ISBN 1-58498-050-8
- Testament - Anthology of Romanian Verse - American Edition - monolingual English language edition - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud and Rochelle Bews - Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture - 2017 - ISBN 978-0-9953502-0-5
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g Ștefănescu, Alex. (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ (7 March 1999). Poetry in Brief, The Independent
- ^ a b c d e Brownjohn, Alan (6 May 2014). "Nina Cassian obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
- ^ "Poeta Nina Cassian a murit la vârsta de 89 de ani". Adevărul (in Romanian). 16 April 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ a b c Ciuta, Larisa (16 April 2014). "A murit Nina Cassian. Povestea scriitoarei de care s-a indrăgostit Ion Barbu". Evenimentul Zilei. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ Barbu, Ion; Glaz, Sarah; Growney, JoAnne (1 November 2006). "Ut Algebra Poesis (As Algebra, So Poetry)". The American Mathematical Monthly. 113 (9): 792–793. doi:10.2307/27642060. JSTOR 27642060.
- ^ a b Rotiroti, Giovanni (June 2017). "The Poem's Gift of Love And Friendship. The Letters Sent By Paul Celan To Nina Cassian". Studia Philologia (2).
- ^ (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Cassian (Katz), Nina". Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ a b DeLuca, Geraldine; Natov, Roni (1986). "Writing Children's Literature in Romania: An Interview with Nina Cassian". The Lion and the Unicorn. 10: 108–111. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0220. S2CID 140326854. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
- ^ Mălăncioiu, Ileana (9 November 2005). . România literară (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ Gray, Channing (19 June 2008). Poet, composer, refugee at URI, The Providence Journal 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "NINA CASSIAN". Legacy.com. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ^ "Romanian Poet, Dissident Nina Cassian Dies". ABC News. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ "Fabuloasele aventuri ale poetei Nina Cassian, "cea mai atrăgătoare femeie urâtă din literatura română"". Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 17 April 2014.
- ^ . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ Fox, Margalit (18 April 2014). "Nina Cassian, Exiled Romanian Poet, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
External links edit
- Audio: Nina Cassian reads 'Epilogue' - poemsoutloud.net
- Desert Island Discs appearance (14 February 1999)