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Nicolas Théobald

January 26, 2023

Not to be confused with Frederick Vincent Theobald (1868–1930), English entomologist and authority on mosquitoes.

Nicolas Théobald, born in Montenach (Moselle) on August 31, 1903 and died in Obernai (Bas-Rhin) on May 10, 1981, was a lorrain and French geologist, paleontologist and professor of geology at university of Besançon.

Nicolas Théobald
Geologist and paleontologist Nicolas Théobald in Besançon in 1976
Born(1903-08-31)31 August 1903
Montenach, France
Died10 May 1981(1981-05-10) (aged 77)
Obernai, France
NationalityFrench
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsSaarland University, University of Franche-Comté
ThesisLes insectes fossiles des terrains oligocènes de France (1937)

He is best known for the new orientation of his state thesis on Fossil Insects from the Oligocene Lands of France (1937). He discovered several genera and more than 300 species of insects; however, these fossils being often very close to current species, it was not their stratigraphic value that was put forward, but their biogeographical significance, making it possible to determine the climatic and environmental characteristics of their living environments and to describe the landscapes of Oligocene “France”.

He was also a specialist in the geological history of the entire Middle Rhine and Moselle basin. He insisted on the evidence of quaternary tectonic movements mainly in the Rhine trench.

With an Agrégation in Natural Sciences, he very early had the vocation of teaching and, as a professor of geology at the University of Saarbrücken, then at the University of Besançon, trained many researchers, while drawing attention to the necessary protection drinking water resources and fragile natural environments.

Biography

Youth

Nicolas Théobald was born in Montenach, in a village near Germany and Luxembourg as he tells in his book of memories À l'heure des cloches de mon village : Scènes d'un village lorrain du début du 20e siècle.[1] He spent his entire childhood "rhythmic to the sound of bells";[2] he came from a family of eight children, his father being the mayor of the village, practicing husbandry and working in the fields.[3] Her mother used to go to the nearby local market to sell farm products, such as the lump of butter, "well-kneaded and containing no trace of whey", which she was famous for, as well as dozens of eggs "a dime a dozen, according to the custom of the small town", which the "bourgeoises of Sierck" hastened to take away.[4]

Training

In March 1918, he prepared for the entrance examination to the normal school at the preparatory school of Phalsbourg.[5] He left his village at the age of fifteen in order to study and obtain his diplomas, only returning there during the holidays. Fifty years in the service of teaching and research will follow.

After the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, Nicolas Théobald was admitted to the Normal school of teachers of Metz, first of the class of 1920-1923.[6] This is the opportunity to discover the witnesses of the Gallo-Roman past of the Moselle at the Musée de Metz. In Montenach, Monographie d'un village lorrain ,[7] Nicolas tells how, on the advice of the curator Roger Clément, he searches in the fields of Montenach for the remains of large tiles which could bear the seal of the manufacturer. His younger brother Albert, who accompanies him, finds one with six lines of text; translated by R. Clément, they reveal an account of the working hours of a worker in the tile factory. This precious vestige, dating from the 2nd century, is still kept at the Museums of Metz.[8][9] Nicolas continued his fourth year at the École normale de Lyon[10] and successfully entered the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud (1924–1926); his encounters with Teilhard de Chardin determine his vocation.[5]

Career

After his military service, he was appointed professor at the Normal School of Obernai in 1927, studying at the same time at University of Strasbourg and became aggregate of natural sciences in 1930, date from which he teaches at the high school of Mulhouse, then at the high school of Nancy.[5] He defended his thesis in Nancy in 1937 then he was appointed inspector of academy at Albi (1937), then at Colmar (1938).

With the start of the war in 1939, N. Théobald was mobilized as a lieutenant in artillery at Coëtquidan then officer geologist at Mulhouse. After the debacle, he found himself, from 1940 to 1944, inspector of the Academy in Châteauroux, where his links with the maquis berrichon allowed him to hide some "malgré-nous" from Alsace-Lorraine.

During the gradual Liberation of French territory, Châteauroux was liberated on September 10, 1944 and the Provisional Government of the French Republic appointed Nicolas Théobald Inspector of the Academy in Strasbourg (November 15, 1944). He arrived there during the liberation of the great Alsatian city (November 23, 1944). He was responsible for reopening the schools in the villages as the German troops withdrew, until the final liberation of Lauterbourg on March 19, 1945.[11]

After the war, he was appointed chief administrator of the public education services of Baden, in Freiburg im Breisgau (1945–1948).[5] Perfectly bilingual, he works in a spirit of Franco-German reconciliation, following the movement launched by Robert Schuman. In 1948, he participated in the founding of the University of Saarland, Universitas Saraviensis, where he was appointed as geology professor, and where he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Sciences (1949–1953).[5] Then, he continued his career at the University of Besançon, as holder of the chair of Historical Geology and Paleontology (1953–1974).[5]

Works and publications

Nicolas Théobald has published many books and articles, particularly related to his research in Geology,[12][13][14] Paleontology[15] and Historical Geology[16] and to his duties as geology professor at the universities of Saarbrücken and Besançon.[17]

His basic works for the preparation for recruitment competitions for the teaching of earth sciences are based on a long practice of research in the field and in the laboratory, including his state thesis, "Les Insectes fossiles des terrains oligocènes de France", is the best-known testimony.[18]

He is the author of many geological maps.[19]

A complete chronological list of articles and geological maps can be found on Wikispecies.[20]

 
Pict. 1, 2 and 3: Nested or stepped terraces.

Alluvial and Neotectonic terraces

Main articles: Extensional tectonics and Orogeny

During his studies, Nicolas Théobald had been seduced by the avant-garde ideas of Alfred Wegener (1880–1930), theoretician of continental drift. But, in the first half of the 20th century, most geologists and geographers believe that the tectonic movements responsible for the establishment of continents and mountains are no longer sensitive to the Quaternary era. The modifications of the relief, when the continents are stable, are then linked to the variations in the level of the oceans, as explained by the eustatic theory, resulting from the work of the American geologist W.M. Davis and whose main representative in France was, at the beginning of the 20th century, Henri Baulig, professor of geography at the University of Strasbourg (1877–1962).

Controversies surrounding the eustatic theory

Main articles: Sea level rise and Raised beach

These controversies were mentioned by the former students of N. Théobald: J. Blaison, M. Campy, D. Contini and Y. Rangheard, in a summary article devoted to his career.[21]

 
Comparison of two reconstructions of sea levels during the last 500 million years. The scale of change during the last glacial/interglacial transition is indicated by the black vertical bar. For most of geologic history, long-term mean sea level was significantly higher than it is today.

Geologists agree on the fact that during the Quaternary, the level of the oceans underwent significant fluctuations, linked to temperature variations. During the glacial periods, water being capitalized in mountain glaciers and ice sheets, the sea level fell, which favored erosion in the lower course of the rivers, while their upper course was cluttered with fluvial-glacials debris. During interglacial periods, the rise in sea level favored aggradation downstream. At least four glacial periods have been listed in the Quaternary and the alternation of phases of digging and filling allowed the formation of stepped or nested terraces along the watercourses[22] (Pictures 1, 2 and 3).

The eustatic theory is justified in regions that have been stable since the end of the Tertiary era, such as large sedimentary basins, and Nicolas Théobald applied it in his first work on the Moselle valley downstream of Thionville; he recognizes terraces at 90, 60, 40 and 15 meters above the low water level of the river and relates them to the four great glacial periods of the Quaternary.[23][24][25]

But his studies on the old alluvial terraces of the Rhine in Alsace and in the Baden reveal an aberrant arrangement: their relative altitude decreases from upstream to downstream, where they drown in the recent alluvium, and the bedrock is getting deeper and deeper. N. Théobald, recalling the consistent observations of A. Gutzwiller (1894).[26] (1912).[27], Johannes Ernst Wilhelm Deecke (1917),[28] and A. Briquet (1928) .[29], (1930).[30], concludes like these geologists that, during the deposition of alluvium, the Haut-Rhin plain continued to sink (1933).[31] This region near Basel, classified in zone IX-X on a scale of XII, the MSK scale, is still affected by earthquakes; in 1356, the city of Basel was almost completely destroyed by a historic earthquake.[32]

The young geologist intends to develop this theme in a thesis, but at the University of Strasbourg, where he obtained his bachelor's degree and his university master's degree in science, the geographer Henri Baulig, a supporter of the eustatic theory, had his students work on the valleys of the Alsatian side of the Vosges, it is up to them to demonstrate the stability of the massif in the Quaternary. The geographer does not accept the quaternary subsidence of the Rhine graben (1935).[33] The pressure of the eustatic school forced Nicolas Théobald to abandon his work and find another subject of research, in paleontology. He will wait more than 10 years for the freedom to take up the theme of neotectonics in the Rhine ditch.

Recognition of neotectonic theories

Resuming his research at the end of the war, Nicolas Théobald published precise data in 1948 in a memoir on the south of the Rhine ditch, and he affirmed[34] that "It is impossible to explain the accumulation of 200, sometimes 300 and even 400 meters of alluvium in certain parts of the ditch, if we do not admit that the very bottom of the ditch was lowered during the deposit" (p. 40-41).

Then, in 1949, in his 'Contribution to the study of the lower Rhine terrace",[35] between Basel and Karlsruhe, N. Théobald concluded that "tectonic movements interfered with the backfilling phenomena linked to the eustatism of the base levels". The views of the partisans of eustatism and those of the tectonicians are thus reconciled.

Between 1950 and 1977, N. Théobald still published many articles on the Rhine ditch, Lorraine, the south of the Vosges and the Saône ditch, where he underlined the importance of vertical movements in the Quaternary. He is in agreement with the researchers who propose to explain the subsidence of the Rhine ditch by isostatic compensation for the uplift of the old massifs which surround it. From now on, the “neotectonicians” are numerous, both in France and in Germany. The notion of quaternary tectonic movements, linked to the “plate theory” is universally accepted.

Paleontology and Ecology

When he had to abandon his thesis subject on neotectonics, N. Théobald had already published several articles on the fauna of the secondary or quaternary eras. Indeed, the geologist seeking to date the sedimentary terrains on which he works, for example to establish a "geological map", is happy to find fossils and must identify them. Some species have never been described before. He must give them a name!

Fossil insects from the Oligocene terrains of France: 1937 thesis

 
Pict. 4: Thesis of Nicolas Théobald, pl. II, Insects of Sannoisien du Gard[note 1].
33.9–28.1 Ma Cenozoic : Oligocene

Studies on fossil insects were rare when Nicolas Théobald undertook his thesis on Oligocene insects; these are found only in continental or lacustrine deposits, often overlooked or marginally studied at the time. These fossils are small and fragile, difficult to preserve. It is exceptional to find whole samples, except if the insect, which fell into a lake or a lagoon in the process of being filled in, was quickly buried under silt, if it found itself enveloped in volcanic ash, or even trapped by a casting of resin, which will give amber. Benefiting from access to the collections of natural history museums, such as Basel, Marseille, Clermont-Ferrand, Brussels, the paleotonologist will analyze approximately 3,000 samples, which will be photographed, drawn, compared to already known fossil insects and to current representatives of the same genera, and determined (Picture 4)[note 1].

 
N.THEOBALD, Pict. 5 Aquisextana irenaei, Photograph and graphic interpretation, 1937

These fossils are divided into 650 species, including 300 new ones, which are replaced in their environment, by analyzing the conditions of sedimentation and plant remains: the biotopes are reconstituted, because the fauna characterizes the regional climates well. Thus will be presented a living synthesis of the natural environments of the Oligocene period.

On the territory of present-day France, in the Oligocene, the surface occupied by lakes and lagoons is considerable. In the south and south-east of our country, the Pyrenean orogeny having reached its paroxysmal stage and the Alps and Provence being in the process of uplift, trenches of collapses and synclines welcome the sedimentation of debris torn from the emerged lands:

  • Thus, between the Cévennes and the Languedoc Garrigues, a small ditch to the east of Alès (Gard) is occupied by brackish water, where limestone, marly limestone and sandstone are deposited and colonized by water lilies and reeds, with grassy shoals and wooded shores of conifers and pandanus where Bibionidae, flower dipterans with aquatic larvae, or Libellulidae thrive. Higher up grow Acacia celasensis LAURENT. Genus analysis suggests a Mediterranean climate with pronounced subtropical affinities, comparable to the current climate of the East Indies and southern China.[36]
  • Further east, north of the current site of Aix-en-Provence, we are closer to the perialpine seas. Limestone marls separating beds of gypsum, exploited for centuries at the “Montée d'Avignon”, have provided a considerable number of fossil insects (p. 291). Here, "lagoons subject to periodic marine influences" are populated by fish hunting insects "in coves with calm waters": Hydrophilidae, Dytiscidae, etc. N. Théobald cites many aquatic plants (Typha latissima HEER, water lilies). On the edges, irises bloom amid sedges and grasses, inhabited by dragonflies and caddisflies, Bibio, Plecia and crane flies. In coniferous forests, anthills are numerous. Above these basins, the links of Provence, already emerged, are occupied by kinds of savannas, as the presence of termites seems to prove.[37]
  • In Haute-Alsace, the atmosphere is different, because the Rhine ditch is occupied by a sea communicating with the North Sea, which explains the scarcity of freshwater species (such as dragonflies). The deposits near Mulhouse (Brunstatt) and in the Pays de Bade (Kleinkems), right bank of the Rhine opposite Kembs) present marls in plates from the middle Sannoisian;[38] on the German side, there are more Formicidae and termites, proving the proximity of arid expanses to the location of the current Black Forest. These steppes are traversed by wadis bordered by riparian forests. During floods, the water carries insects mixed with plant debris to brackish lagoons subject to frequent marine influences.[39]
  • The thesis also describes insects and Oligocene environments of Céreste (Basses-Alpes, today Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) in the Luberon and many sites in Auvergne.
Main article: Géologique du Luberon National Nature Reserve

The coexistence of certain insects shows that, already between 25 and 35 million years before the present time, there are relations of commensalism or parasitism between the species; ants live in societies... In an Additional Note on Oligocene fossil insects from the gypsums of Aix-en-Provence,[40] the paleontologist still describes new species, including a magnificent Lepidoptera of the Lycaenidae family, Aquisextana irenaei, dedicated to his wife Irene (Picture 5). This paleontological study appears as a veritable ecology of the past.[41] The originality of the method was recognized until Canada.[42]

Other paleontological contributions

Nicolas Théobald has devoted many other works to the Oligocene period, in particular on fish from Alsace[43] and Auvergne.[44]

Other research has concerned the Lower Permian (or Cisuralian) Stegocephalia from Saint-Wendel in Sarre,[45] the ammonites from Alsace[46] or Franche-Comté[47] or the Quaternary faunas in Alsace,[48][49] in the Palatinate[50] and in Franche-Comté.[51]

The basic work published in 1958 with A. Gama underlines the influence of the environment on the evolution of living beings and insists on the balance in biotopes. Another work, dealing with the geological foundations of prehistory,[52] was the subject of a broad review by Henriette Alimen, (Director of the Quaternary Geology Laboratory of the CNRS), in the session of the French Prehistoric Society of 02/28 /1973.[53]

Ecology, hydrology and human life

The paleontologist is aware that the degradation of the environment leads to that of the life associated with it. Confronted with the problems of human groups, it retains the same ecological orientation. As part of his duties as a geologist associated with the BRGM for the development of geological maps, Nicolas Théobald was to ensure the search for drinking water for the communes of Haute-Saône; noting the risks of groundwater pollution by sandpits, metal processing workshops, slaughterhouses, dairies and landfills, he urged mayors to create security perimeters around drinking water catchments. From this experience came the publication of a book on the geology and hydrogeology of the Haute-Saône.[54]

His interventions were sometimes linked to large-scale projects, such as the creation of an artificial lake in Vaivre (near Vesoul, Haute-Saône), a project led by the mayor of Vaivre. In a recent work, the mayor at the time, Pierre Bonnet, recalls the intervention of Professor Théobald of the University of Besançon, "scientist of reference for all geological studies",[55] who in 1970 wrote a report prior to the establishment of the lake. This was built from 1976 to 1978; the materials extracted during the excavation were deposited on land dedicated to the extension of the PSA plant in Vesoul. This Vaivre-et-Montoille lake, which extends over 95 hectares, is today a leisure area and a natural area of ecological interest where many migratory birds stop.

Main article: Lac de Vesoul – Vaivre

Conservation of the natural heritage of the village of Montenach

Retired, Nicolas Théobald took the time to write a monograph of his native village and a collection of his childhood memories.

At the same time, he is committed to the conservation of the natural heritage of the hills which served as pasture for sheep and pigs all around the village; they are occupied by dry lawns where spectacular orchids thrive in particular (Dactylorhiza maculata, Orchis mascula, Orchis militaris). The child of the country convinces the municipality to fight against reforestation favored by the abandonment of ancestral practices of breeding. After his death (1981), the municipal council of Montenach and several owners agreed, with the department of Moselle, to erect the dry lawns into a voluntary nature reserve, the seven hills reserve, dedicated to Professor Nicolas Théobald.[56] A management agreement was signed between the municipality and the Conservatoire des Sites Lorrains in 1987. Then the national nature reserve of Montenach was classified by decree of February 8, 1994.[57][58] It is now managed by the Conservatory of natural spaces of Lorraine.

Nicolas Théobald was one of those who alerted public opinion to the need to take measures to protect nature. The paleontologist is not a scientist closed to life; on the contrary, the search for traces of life in a petrified world gives him a particular sensitivity to the protection of its current forms, which the abusive exploitation of natural environments endangers.

See also

Awards

Nicolas Théobald is the recipient of the following decorations :[5]

Publications

Author's works

  • Thèse : Nicolas Théobald (1937). Written at France. Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocènes de France (Thesis) (in French). Thèses Université de Nancy.: Bulletin mensuel de la Société des Sciences de Nancy et Mémoires de la Société des Sciences de Nancy (in French). pp. 473 pp., 17 fig., 7 cartes, 13 tables, 29 planches hors-texte. OCLC 786027547.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1971). Géologie et Hydrogéologie de la Haute-Sâone (in French). France: Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon. pp. 3e série, Géologie, fasc.14, 76 pp., 15 fig., 10 planches hors-texte, 2 cartes.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1972). Written at France. Les Fondements Géologiques de la Préhistoire. Essai de chronostratigraphie des formations quaternaires (in French). Paris: Doin. pp. 95 pp., 45 figures.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1975). Montenach, Monographie d'un village lorrain. Obernai 9 rue de la Victoire, 67210 (in French). France. pp. 211 pp., 28 fig., 5 pl.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1979). Written at France. À l'heure des cloches de mon village : Scènes d'un village lorrain au début du XXème siècle (in French). Obernai. pp. 176 pp., 160 fig., 4 pl. ISBN 2-307-43014-8.

Author articles

  • Nicolas Théobald (1931). "Les alluvions anciennes de la Moselle aux environs de Sierck". Compte Rendu Sommaire de la Société Géologique de France (in French): 2: 10–12. ISSN 0037-9417.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1932). "Le pays de Sierck, Description géologique comprenant une étude détaillée des terrasses de la Moselle entre Koenigsmacker et Sierck". Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Moselle. 4e série (in French). 33: IX: 1–45, 5 figures, 8 planches. ISSN 1149-4719.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1933). "Observations sur la basse terrasse du Rhin en aval de Bâle". Bulletin de la Société Industrielle de Mulhouse, IC (in French): 21–27, 3 fig.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1934). "Contribution à la paléontologie du bassin oligocène du Haut-Rhin et du Territoire de Belfort. Les poissons oligocènes". Bulletin du Service de la Carte géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine (in French). 2 (2): (2): 117–162, planches XI-XV. doi:10.3406/sgeol.1934.1106. ISSN 0037-2560.
  • Les formations quaternaires : Nicolas Théobald (1935). "Les formations quaternaires". L'Enseignement scientifique, 8e année (in French): (79): 262–271, (80): 303–307, 6 figures, 1 tableau. ISSN 0367-1372.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1935). "Les alluvions anciennes de la Moselle et de la Meurthe en amont de Sierck". Bulletin du Centenaire de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de la Moselle (in French). Metz: (3), 34:69–100, 1 figure, 2 tableaux.
  • Note complémentaire : Nicolas Théobald (June 1937). "Note complémentaire sur les insectes fossiles oligocènes des gypses d'Aix-en-Provence. BM SSN Juin 1937" (PDF). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences de Nancy (in French): (6):157–178, 2 planches, 7 figures. ISSN 1155-1119.
  • Découverte : Nicolas Théobald (1937). "Découverte d'une défense de Mammouth, Elephas primigenius, dans les alluvions de la plaine rhénane de Valff (Bas-Rhin). BM SSN Mai 1937" (PDF). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences de Nancy (in French): (5):142–145. ISSN 1155-1119..
  • Nicolas Théobald (1948). "Carte de la base des formations alluviales dans le sud du fossé rhénan". Mémoires du Service de la Carte Géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine (in French). 9 (1): (9):5–77, 9 cartes, 4 coupes, 1 planche. ISSN 0080-9020.
  • Nicolas Théobald (1949). "Contribution à l'étude de la basse-terrasse rhénane". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (in French): (5), 19: 155–160. ISSN 0037-9409.
  • Stégocéphales : Nicolas Théobald (1958). "Contribution à l'étude des Stégocéphales du Permien inférieur de la Sarre". Annales Universitatis Saraviensis, Sciences (in French): VII, (2): 192–210, 4 planches.
  • Elephas : Nicolas Théobald (1958). "Elephas Trogontherii dans les alluvions anciennes du niveau de Griesheim (Bas-Rhin)". Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine (in French). 11 (2): T. 11, (2):21–24), 1 fig. doi:10.3406/sgeol.1958.1180. ISSN 0037-2560.

Common articles

  • Piton, L.; Théobald, Nicolas (1939). "Poissons, crustacés et insectes fossiles de l'Oligocène du Puy-de-Mur (Auvergne)". Mémoires de la Société des Sciences de Nancy (in French): 11–47, 28 fig., 2 pl. ISSN 0369-2183.
  • Théobald, Nicolas; Cheviet, M. T. (1959). "Les Ammonites du Toarcien supérieur du Jura franc-comtois". Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon, (2), Géologie (in French): (9): 43–77, 17 figures, 3 planches. ISSN 0523-056X.
  • Théobald, Nicolas; Firtion, F. (1953). "Découvertes paléontologiques dans la plaine du Rhin à Wörth en Palatinat". Annales Universitatis Saraviensis (in French): II, (3):177–185, 3 planches. Nicolas Théobald et F. Firtion 1953.
  • Théobald, Nicolas; Moine, H. (1959). "Les ammonites du Toarcien supérieur et de l'Aalénien du sentier de l'Ehn près d'Obernai (Bas-Rhin)". Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine (in French): t 12, fasc. 1, 1–36, 6 planches. ISSN 0037-2560.
  • Théobald, Nicolas; Szymanek, C. (1963). "Le crâne du Rhinocéros à narines cloisonnées des grottes de Rigney (Doubs)". Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon (2) Géologie (in French): fascicule 17:97–113. ISSN 0523-056X.

Common works

  • Théobald, Nicolas; Gama, Adrien (1956). Géologie générale et Pétrographie (in French). Paris: Doin, Deren et Cie. pp. 304 pp, 157 fig., 12 planches.
  • Géologie : Théobald, Nicolas; Gama, Adrien (1969). Géologie générale et Pétrologie, Éléments de géodynamique (in French). Paris: Doin, Deren et Cie. pp. 586 pp, 234 fig., 16 planches. Géologie Générale et Pétrologie, Éléments de Géodynamique..
  • Paléontologie : Théobald, Nicolas; Gama, Adrien (1969). Paléontologie : éléments de paléobiologie ([2e éd. revue et mise à jour]) (in French). Paris: Doin, Deren et Cie. p. 584. OCLC 489626848. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  • Stratigraphie : Théobald, Nicolas; Gama, Adrien (1969). Stratigraphie: éléments de géologie historique (in French). Doin, Deren et Cie. ISBN 978-2-7040-0134-7. Retrieved 2021-01-13.

Bibliography

Works by other authors

  • Henri Baulig (1935). Quelques problèmes de morphologie vosgienne. L'Alsace géologique, géographique et géophysique, Bibliothèque Jean Macé (in French). pp. I:13–22.
  • Pierre Bonnet (2019). Le Lac. J'en ai rêvé (in French). Imprimerie Repro-System, Vesoul. p. 158.
  • Cadiot, B.; Mayer-Rosa, D.; Vogt, J. (December 1979). Le séisme bâlois de 1356. Les tremblements de terre en France, sous la direction de Jean Vogt. Orléans, Mémoire du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (in French). Vol. 96. p. 224. B. Cadiot, D. Mayer-Rosa, J. Vogt 1979.
  • Johannes Ernst Wilhelm Deecke (1917). Geologie von Baden, T. 2 Tektonik (in German). Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger.
  • Camille Maire (2000). La promotion 1920–1923: Première promotion française de l'École Normale de Montigny (pdf). les Cahiers Lorrains, N°4, 2000 (in French). Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de la Lorraine. pp. 515–522.

Articles by other authors

  • Henriette Alimen (1973). "Compte-rendu de : N. Théobald, Fondements géologiques de la Préhistoire". Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, Comptes-rendus des séances mensuelles (in French): vol 70 (2):42. ISSN 0249-7638.
  • Blaison, J.; Campy, M.; Contini, D.; Rangheard, Y. (1973). "Jubilé scientifique de Nicolas Théobald". Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon, 3e série, Géologie, fasc. 18 (in French): 7–8. ISSN 0523-056X.
  • Abel Briquet (1928). "La terrasse à berge haute du Rhin moyen". Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine (in French). 1 (3): T. 1 (3): 263–268, 2 fig., pl. X. doi:10.3406/sgeol.1928.1094. ISSN 0037-2560.
  • Abel Briquet (1930). "Le Quaternaire de l'Alsace". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (in French). 4: XXX: 977–1014. ISSN 0037-9409.
  • Roger Clément (1927). "Un compte d'un briquetier gallo-romain du pays de la Moselle". Revue des Études anciennes (in French). 29 (2): (29), 2:205–207, 1 fig. doi:10.3406/rea.1927.2445. ISSN 0035-2004.
  • Mireille Darmois-Théobald (1973). "Paléontologie et écologie dans l'œuvre de N. Théobald. in " Recueil de travaux dédiés au Professeur N. Théobald "". Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon, 3e série, Géologie, fasc. 18 (in French): 19–22, 1 fig. ISSN 0523-056X.
  • Darmois-Théobald, Mireille; Rangheard, Yves (1987). "Une page de l'histoire de la néotectonique : les premiers travaux de Nicolas Théobald sur les terrasses rhénanes". Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon, 4e série, Géologie, fasc. 8 (in French): 55–65, 6 fig. OCLC 490154370..
  • A. Gutzwiller (1912). "Die Gliederung der diluvialen Schotter in der Umgebung von Basel". Verh. Der Naturf. Ges. In Basel (in German): Band XXIII: 57–75.
  • A. Gutzwiller (1894). "Diluvialbildungen der Umgebung von Basel". Verh. Der Naturf. Ges. In Basel (in German): Band X: 512–688, 2pl.
  • A. L. (A. Leopold?) (December 1937). "Review: Les Insectes Fossiles des Terrains Oligocènes de France by Nicolas Théobald". The Canadian Field-Naturalist: 137. ISSN 0008-3550.
  • Rangheard, Yves (1982). "Vie et œuvre de Nicolas Théobald (1903–1981)". Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Besançon (in French). 4 (4): 3–11, 1fig.
  • Jean-Gérard Théobald (2001). "Souvenirs de la guerre 39-45". Revue lorraine populaire (in French): 159.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicolas Théobald.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Nicolas Théobald.
  • "Roger Clément – conservateur de la bibliothèque de Metz et des musées de la ville de Metz – voir page 9/10 au relevé des travaux : Compte d'un briquetier gallo-romin de Moselle (1927,89-91)" (PDF). documents.irevues.inist.fr. irevues – Roger Clément. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  • "Calames". www.calames.abes.fr. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  • "publications liées à Théobald, Nicolas". sudoc.abes.fr (in French).
  • "La géologie de l'Alsace (voir notamment pages 289 à 308)". www.persee.fr/doc. La géologie de l'Alsace sur persée (voir notamment pages 289 à 308). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  • "Nicolas Théobald". Wikispecies. Nicolas Théobald sur Wikispecies. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  • "Les principaux gisements à insectes fossiles en France : carte des départements avec vingt-sept gisements sur les neuf périodes Carbonifère, Permien, Trias, Jurrasique, Crétacé, Paléocène, Éocène, Oligocène (six gisements dans le sud de la France) et Miocène". www.reseau-canope.fr selon le Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Les principaux gisements à insectes fossiles en France. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  • "Montenach". www.reserves-naturelles.org/montenach. www.reserves-naturelles.org/montenach. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  • "Montenach (FR3600116)". Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel / Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. 2003. inpn.mnhn.fr/espace/protege/FR3600116.
  • "Décret n°94-124 du 8 février 1994 portant création de la réserve naturelle de Montenach (Moselle)". Legifrance. Décret n°94-124 du 8 février 1994 sur legifrance.
  • "École normale d'instituteurs. Lyon". data.bnf.fr. ENI-Lyon-BNF.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ a b Détail de la Fig. 4 : 1. Syrphidae? 2.Bibio celasensis N. TH., 3. Plecia försteri N. TH., 4. Plecia augustiventris N. TH., 5. Plecia splendida N. TH., 6. Bibio obtusa N. TH., 7. Strophosomus marcelini N. TH., 8. Bibio tenuiapicalis N. TH., 9.Plecia cf longua HEER, 10.Oligocassida melaena N. TH., 11.Tetralonia berlandi N. TH., 12. Bibio macerata N.TH., 13. Bibio elongatipennis N.TH., 14. Plecia splendida N.TH., 15. Plecia superba N.TH., 16.Plecia longiventris N. TH., 17. Cryptochilus contentus N.TH..( tous sont des holotypes, sauf les échantillons 1 et 9; tous les échantillons proviennent du gisement de Célas, sauf le 6 (Monteils), 10 et 16 (Les Fumades))

References

  1. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1979.
  2. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1979, p. 7.
  3. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1979, p. 43-70.
  4. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1979, p. 16.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Rangheard 1982, p. 3-11.
  6. ^ Camille Maire 2000, p. 515-521.
  7. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1975, p. 50-51.
  8. ^ irevues – Roger Clément.
  9. ^ Roger Clément 1927, pp. 205–207.
  10. ^ ENI-Lyon-BNF.
  11. ^ Jean-Gérard Théobald 2001, p. 38-40.
  12. ^ Théobald & Gama 1956.
  13. ^ Calames – détails.
  14. ^ Géologie : Théobald & Gama 1969.
  15. ^ Paléontologie : Théobald & Gama 1969.
  16. ^ Stratigraphie : Théobald & Gama 1969.
  17. ^ Publications sur sudoc.abes.
  18. ^ Thèse : Nicolas Théobald 1937.
  19. ^ La géologie de l'Alsace sur persée (voir notamment pages 289 à 308).
  20. ^ Nicolas Théobald sur Wikispecies.
  21. ^ Blaison et al. 1973, pp. 7–8.
  22. ^ Les formations quaternaires : Nicolas Théobald 1935, p. 79-80.
  23. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1931, p. 2: 10-11..
  24. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1932, p. 1-45.
  25. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1935, p. 69-100.
  26. ^ A. Gutzwiller 1894, p. 512-688.
  27. ^ A. Gutzwiller 1912, p. 57-75.
  28. ^ Johannes Ernst Wilhelm Deecke 1917.
  29. ^ Abel Briquet 1928, pp. 263–268.
  30. ^ Abel Briquet 1930, pp. 977–1014.
  31. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1933, p. 21-27.
  32. ^ Cadiot, Mayer-Rosa & Vogt 1979, p. 154-165.
  33. ^ Henri Baulig 1935, p. I:13-22..
  34. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1948, p. (9):5-77.
  35. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1949, p. (5), 19: 155-160.
  36. ^ Thèse : Nicolas Théobald 1937, p. 151-156.
  37. ^ Thèse : Nicolas Théobald 1937, p. 381-385.
  38. ^ Thèse : Nicolas Théobald 1937, p. 157.
  39. ^ Thèse : Nicolas Théobald 1937, p. 263-283.
  40. ^ Note complémentaire : Nicolas Théobald 1937, p. (6): 157-178.
  41. ^ Les principaux gisements à insectes fossiles en France.
  42. ^ A. L. (A. Leopold?) 1937, p. 137.
  43. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1934, p. (2): 117-162.
  44. ^ Piton & Théobald 1939.
  45. ^ Stégocéphales : Nicolas Théobald 1958, p. 192-210.
  46. ^ Théobald & Moine 1959.
  47. ^ Théobald & Cheviet 1959.
  48. ^ Découverte : Nicolas Théobald 1937, p. 142-145.
  49. ^ Elephas : Nicolas Théobald 1958, p. 21-24.
  50. ^ Théobald & Firtion 1953, p. 177-185.
  51. ^ Théobald & Szymanek 1963, p. 97-113.
  52. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1972.
  53. ^ Henriette Alimen 1973, p. 42.
  54. ^ Nicolas Théobald 1971.
  55. ^ Pierre Bonnet 2019, p. 17.
  56. ^ www.reserves-naturelles.org/montenach.
  57. ^ inpn.mnhn.fr/espace/protege/FR3600116.
  58. ^ Décret n°94-124 du 8 février 1994 sur legifrance.

January 26, 2023
nicolas, théobald, confused, with, frederick, vincent, theobald, 1868, 1930, english, entomologist, authority, mosquitoes, born, montenach, moselle, august, 1903, died, obernai, rhin, 1981, lorrain, french, geologist, paleontologist, professor, geology, univer. Not to be confused with Frederick Vincent Theobald 1868 1930 English entomologist and authority on mosquitoes Nicolas Theobald born in Montenach Moselle on August 31 1903 and died in Obernai Bas Rhin on May 10 1981 was a lorrain and French geologist paleontologist and professor of geology at university of Besancon Nicolas TheobaldGeologist and paleontologist Nicolas Theobald in Besancon in 1976Born 1903 08 31 31 August 1903Montenach FranceDied10 May 1981 1981 05 10 aged 77 Obernai FranceNationalityFrenchScientific careerFieldsPaleontology Geology Entomology EducationInstitutionsSaarland University University of Franche ComteThesisLes insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France 1937 He is best known for the new orientation of his state thesis on Fossil Insects from the Oligocene Lands of France 1937 He discovered several genera and more than 300 species of insects however these fossils being often very close to current species it was not their stratigraphic value that was put forward but their biogeographical significance making it possible to determine the climatic and environmental characteristics of their living environments and to describe the landscapes of Oligocene France He was also a specialist in the geological history of the entire Middle Rhine and Moselle basin He insisted on the evidence of quaternary tectonic movements mainly in the Rhine trench With an Agregation in Natural Sciences he very early had the vocation of teaching and as a professor of geology at the University of Saarbrucken then at the University of Besancon trained many researchers while drawing attention to the necessary protection drinking water resources and fragile natural environments Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Youth 1 2 Training 1 3 Career 2 Works and publications 2 1 Alluvial and Neotectonic terraces 2 1 1 Controversies surrounding the eustatic theory 2 1 2 Recognition of neotectonic theories 2 2 Paleontology and Ecology 2 2 1 Fossil insects from the Oligocene terrains of France 1937 thesis 2 2 2 Other paleontological contributions 2 3 Ecology hydrology and human life 2 4 Conservation of the natural heritage of the village of Montenach 3 See also 4 Awards 5 Publications 5 1 Author s works 5 2 Author articles 5 3 Common articles 5 4 Common works 6 Bibliography 6 1 Works by other authors 6 2 Articles by other authors 7 External links 8 Notes and references 8 1 Notes 8 2 ReferencesBiography EditYouth Edit Nicolas Theobald was born in Montenach in a village near Germany and Luxembourg as he tells in his book of memories A l heure des cloches de mon village Scenes d un village lorrain du debut du 20e siecle 1 He spent his entire childhood rhythmic to the sound of bells 2 he came from a family of eight children his father being the mayor of the village practicing husbandry and working in the fields 3 Her mother used to go to the nearby local market to sell farm products such as the lump of butter well kneaded and containing no trace of whey which she was famous for as well as dozens of eggs a dime a dozen according to the custom of the small town which the bourgeoises of Sierck hastened to take away 4 Training Edit In March 1918 he prepared for the entrance examination to the normal school at the preparatory school of Phalsbourg 5 He left his village at the age of fifteen in order to study and obtain his diplomas only returning there during the holidays Fifty years in the service of teaching and research will follow After the return of Alsace Lorraine to France Nicolas Theobald was admitted to the Normal school of teachers of Metz first of the class of 1920 1923 6 This is the opportunity to discover the witnesses of the Gallo Roman past of the Moselle at the Musee de Metz In Montenach Monographie d un village lorrain 7 Nicolas tells how on the advice of the curator Roger Clement he searches in the fields of Montenach for the remains of large tiles which could bear the seal of the manufacturer His younger brother Albert who accompanies him finds one with six lines of text translated by R Clement they reveal an account of the working hours of a worker in the tile factory This precious vestige dating from the 2nd century is still kept at the Museums of Metz 8 9 Nicolas continued his fourth year at the Ecole normale de Lyon 10 and successfully entered the Ecole normale superieure de Saint Cloud 1924 1926 his encounters with Teilhard de Chardin determine his vocation 5 Career Edit After his military service he was appointed professor at the Normal School of Obernai in 1927 studying at the same time at University of Strasbourg and became aggregate of natural sciences in 1930 date from which he teaches at the high school of Mulhouse then at the high school of Nancy 5 He defended his thesis in Nancy in 1937 then he was appointed inspector of academy at Albi 1937 then at Colmar 1938 With the start of the war in 1939 N Theobald was mobilized as a lieutenant in artillery at Coetquidan then officer geologist at Mulhouse After the debacle he found himself from 1940 to 1944 inspector of the Academy in Chateauroux where his links with the maquis berrichon allowed him to hide some malgre nous from Alsace Lorraine During the gradual Liberation of French territory Chateauroux was liberated on September 10 1944 and the Provisional Government of the French Republic appointed Nicolas Theobald Inspector of the Academy in Strasbourg November 15 1944 He arrived there during the liberation of the great Alsatian city November 23 1944 He was responsible for reopening the schools in the villages as the German troops withdrew until the final liberation of Lauterbourg on March 19 1945 11 After the war he was appointed chief administrator of the public education services of Baden in Freiburg im Breisgau 1945 1948 5 Perfectly bilingual he works in a spirit of Franco German reconciliation following the movement launched by Robert Schuman In 1948 he participated in the founding of the University of Saarland Universitas Saraviensis where he was appointed as geology professor and where he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Sciences 1949 1953 5 Then he continued his career at the University of Besancon as holder of the chair of Historical Geology and Paleontology 1953 1974 5 Works and publications EditNicolas Theobald has published many books and articles particularly related to his research in Geology 12 13 14 Paleontology 15 and Historical Geology 16 and to his duties as geology professor at the universities of Saarbrucken and Besancon 17 His basic works for the preparation for recruitment competitions for the teaching of earth sciences are based on a long practice of research in the field and in the laboratory including his state thesis Les Insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France is the best known testimony 18 He is the author of many geological maps 19 A complete chronological list of articles and geological maps can be found on Wikispecies 20 Pict 1 2 and 3 Nested or stepped terraces Alluvial and Neotectonic terraces Edit Main articles Extensional tectonics and Orogeny During his studies Nicolas Theobald had been seduced by the avant garde ideas of Alfred Wegener 1880 1930 theoretician of continental drift But in the first half of the 20th century most geologists and geographers believe that the tectonic movements responsible for the establishment of continents and mountains are no longer sensitive to the Quaternary era The modifications of the relief when the continents are stable are then linked to the variations in the level of the oceans as explained by the eustatic theory resulting from the work of the American geologist W M Davis and whose main representative in France was at the beginning of the 20th century Henri Baulig professor of geography at the University of Strasbourg 1877 1962 Controversies surrounding the eustatic theory Edit Main articles Sea level rise and Raised beach These controversies were mentioned by the former students of N Theobald J Blaison M Campy D Contini and Y Rangheard in a summary article devoted to his career 21 Comparison of two reconstructions of sea levels during the last 500 million years The scale of change during the last glacial interglacial transition is indicated by the black vertical bar For most of geologic history long term mean sea level was significantly higher than it is today Geologists agree on the fact that during the Quaternary the level of the oceans underwent significant fluctuations linked to temperature variations During the glacial periods water being capitalized in mountain glaciers and ice sheets the sea level fell which favored erosion in the lower course of the rivers while their upper course was cluttered with fluvial glacials debris During interglacial periods the rise in sea level favored aggradation downstream At least four glacial periods have been listed in the Quaternary and the alternation of phases of digging and filling allowed the formation of stepped or nested terraces along the watercourses 22 Pictures 1 2 and 3 The eustatic theory is justified in regions that have been stable since the end of the Tertiary era such as large sedimentary basins and Nicolas Theobald applied it in his first work on the Moselle valley downstream of Thionville he recognizes terraces at 90 60 40 and 15 meters above the low water level of the river and relates them to the four great glacial periods of the Quaternary 23 24 25 But his studies on the old alluvial terraces of the Rhine in Alsace and in the Baden reveal an aberrant arrangement their relative altitude decreases from upstream to downstream where they drown in the recent alluvium and the bedrock is getting deeper and deeper N Theobald recalling the consistent observations of A Gutzwiller 1894 26 1912 27 Johannes Ernst Wilhelm Deecke 1917 28 and A Briquet 1928 29 1930 30 concludes like these geologists that during the deposition of alluvium the Haut Rhin plain continued to sink 1933 31 This region near Basel classified in zone IX X on a scale of XII the MSK scale is still affected by earthquakes in 1356 the city of Basel was almost completely destroyed by a historic earthquake 32 The young geologist intends to develop this theme in a thesis but at the University of Strasbourg where he obtained his bachelor s degree and his university master s degree in science the geographer Henri Baulig a supporter of the eustatic theory had his students work on the valleys of the Alsatian side of the Vosges it is up to them to demonstrate the stability of the massif in the Quaternary The geographer does not accept the quaternary subsidence of the Rhine graben 1935 33 The pressure of the eustatic school forced Nicolas Theobald to abandon his work and find another subject of research in paleontology He will wait more than 10 years for the freedom to take up the theme of neotectonics in the Rhine ditch Recognition of neotectonic theories Edit Resuming his research at the end of the war Nicolas Theobald published precise data in 1948 in a memoir on the south of the Rhine ditch and he affirmed 34 that It is impossible to explain the accumulation of 200 sometimes 300 and even 400 meters of alluvium in certain parts of the ditch if we do not admit that the very bottom of the ditch was lowered during the deposit p 40 41 Then in 1949 in his Contribution to the study of the lower Rhine terrace 35 between Basel and Karlsruhe N Theobald concluded that tectonic movements interfered with the backfilling phenomena linked to the eustatism of the base levels The views of the partisans of eustatism and those of the tectonicians are thus reconciled Between 1950 and 1977 N Theobald still published many articles on the Rhine ditch Lorraine the south of the Vosges and the Saone ditch where he underlined the importance of vertical movements in the Quaternary He is in agreement with the researchers who propose to explain the subsidence of the Rhine ditch by isostatic compensation for the uplift of the old massifs which surround it From now on the neotectonicians are numerous both in France and in Germany The notion of quaternary tectonic movements linked to the plate theory is universally accepted Paleontology and Ecology Edit When he had to abandon his thesis subject on neotectonics N Theobald had already published several articles on the fauna of the secondary or quaternary eras Indeed the geologist seeking to date the sedimentary terrains on which he works for example to establish a geological map is happy to find fossils and must identify them Some species have never been described before He must give them a name Fossil insects from the Oligocene terrains of France 1937 thesis Edit Pict 4 Thesis of Nicolas Theobald pl II Insects of Sannoisien du Gard note 1 33 9 28 1 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Cenozoic Oligocene Studies on fossil insects were rare when Nicolas Theobald undertook his thesis on Oligocene insects these are found only in continental or lacustrine deposits often overlooked or marginally studied at the time These fossils are small and fragile difficult to preserve It is exceptional to find whole samples except if the insect which fell into a lake or a lagoon in the process of being filled in was quickly buried under silt if it found itself enveloped in volcanic ash or even trapped by a casting of resin which will give amber Benefiting from access to the collections of natural history museums such as Basel Marseille Clermont Ferrand Brussels the paleotonologist will analyze approximately 3 000 samples which will be photographed drawn compared to already known fossil insects and to current representatives of the same genera and determined Picture 4 note 1 N THEOBALD Pict 5 Aquisextana irenaei Photograph and graphic interpretation 1937 These fossils are divided into 650 species including 300 new ones which are replaced in their environment by analyzing the conditions of sedimentation and plant remains the biotopes are reconstituted because the fauna characterizes the regional climates well Thus will be presented a living synthesis of the natural environments of the Oligocene period On the territory of present day France in the Oligocene the surface occupied by lakes and lagoons is considerable In the south and south east of our country the Pyrenean orogeny having reached its paroxysmal stage and the Alps and Provence being in the process of uplift trenches of collapses and synclines welcome the sedimentation of debris torn from the emerged lands Thus between the Cevennes and the Languedoc Garrigues a small ditch to the east of Ales Gard is occupied by brackish water where limestone marly limestone and sandstone are deposited and colonized by water lilies and reeds with grassy shoals and wooded shores of conifers and pandanus where Bibionidae flower dipterans with aquatic larvae or Libellulidae thrive Higher up grow Acacia celasensis LAURENT Genus analysis suggests a Mediterranean climate with pronounced subtropical affinities comparable to the current climate of the East Indies and southern China 36 Further east north of the current site of Aix en Provence we are closer to the perialpine seas Limestone marls separating beds of gypsum exploited for centuries at the Montee d Avignon have provided a considerable number of fossil insects p 291 Here lagoons subject to periodic marine influences are populated by fish hunting insects in coves with calm waters Hydrophilidae Dytiscidae etc N Theobald cites many aquatic plants Typha latissima HEER water lilies On the edges irises bloom amid sedges and grasses inhabited by dragonflies and caddisflies Bibio Plecia and crane flies In coniferous forests anthills are numerous Above these basins the links of Provence already emerged are occupied by kinds of savannas as the presence of termites seems to prove 37 In Haute Alsace the atmosphere is different because the Rhine ditch is occupied by a sea communicating with the North Sea which explains the scarcity of freshwater species such as dragonflies The deposits near Mulhouse Brunstatt and in the Pays de Bade Kleinkems right bank of the Rhine opposite Kembs present marls in plates from the middle Sannoisian 38 on the German side there are more Formicidae and termites proving the proximity of arid expanses to the location of the current Black Forest These steppes are traversed by wadis bordered by riparian forests During floods the water carries insects mixed with plant debris to brackish lagoons subject to frequent marine influences 39 The thesis also describes insects and Oligocene environments of Cereste Basses Alpes today Alpes de Haute Provence in the Luberon and many sites in Auvergne Main article Geologique du Luberon National Nature Reserve The coexistence of certain insects shows that already between 25 and 35 million years before the present time there are relations of commensalism or parasitism between the species ants live in societies In an Additional Note on Oligocene fossil insects from the gypsums of Aix en Provence 40 the paleontologist still describes new species including a magnificent Lepidoptera of the Lycaenidae family Aquisextana irenaei dedicated to his wife Irene Picture 5 This paleontological study appears as a veritable ecology of the past 41 The originality of the method was recognized until Canada 42 Other paleontological contributions Edit Nicolas Theobald has devoted many other works to the Oligocene period in particular on fish from Alsace 43 and Auvergne 44 Other research has concerned the Lower Permian or Cisuralian Stegocephalia from Saint Wendel in Sarre 45 the ammonites from Alsace 46 or Franche Comte 47 or the Quaternary faunas in Alsace 48 49 in the Palatinate 50 and in Franche Comte 51 The basic work published in 1958 with A Gama underlines the influence of the environment on the evolution of living beings and insists on the balance in biotopes Another work dealing with the geological foundations of prehistory 52 was the subject of a broad review by Henriette Alimen Director of the Quaternary Geology Laboratory of the CNRS in the session of the French Prehistoric Society of 02 28 1973 53 Ecology hydrology and human life Edit The paleontologist is aware that the degradation of the environment leads to that of the life associated with it Confronted with the problems of human groups it retains the same ecological orientation As part of his duties as a geologist associated with the BRGM for the development of geological maps Nicolas Theobald was to ensure the search for drinking water for the communes of Haute Saone noting the risks of groundwater pollution by sandpits metal processing workshops slaughterhouses dairies and landfills he urged mayors to create security perimeters around drinking water catchments From this experience came the publication of a book on the geology and hydrogeology of the Haute Saone 54 His interventions were sometimes linked to large scale projects such as the creation of an artificial lake in Vaivre near Vesoul Haute Saone a project led by the mayor of Vaivre In a recent work the mayor at the time Pierre Bonnet recalls the intervention of Professor Theobald of the University of Besancon scientist of reference for all geological studies 55 who in 1970 wrote a report prior to the establishment of the lake This was built from 1976 to 1978 the materials extracted during the excavation were deposited on land dedicated to the extension of the PSA plant in Vesoul This Vaivre et Montoille lake which extends over 95 hectares is today a leisure area and a natural area of ecological interest where many migratory birds stop Main article Lac de Vesoul Vaivre Conservation of the natural heritage of the village of Montenach Edit Retired Nicolas Theobald took the time to write a monograph of his native village and a collection of his childhood memories At the same time he is committed to the conservation of the natural heritage of the hills which served as pasture for sheep and pigs all around the village they are occupied by dry lawns where spectacular orchids thrive in particular Dactylorhiza maculata Orchis mascula Orchis militaris The child of the country convinces the municipality to fight against reforestation favored by the abandonment of ancestral practices of breeding After his death 1981 the municipal council of Montenach and several owners agreed with the department of Moselle to erect the dry lawns into a voluntary nature reserve the seven hills reserve dedicated to Professor Nicolas Theobald 56 A management agreement was signed between the municipality and the Conservatoire des Sites Lorrains in 1987 Then the national nature reserve of Montenach was classified by decree of February 8 1994 57 58 It is now managed by the Conservatory of natural spaces of Lorraine Nicolas Theobald was one of those who alerted public opinion to the need to take measures to protect nature The paleontologist is not a scientist closed to life on the contrary the search for traces of life in a petrified world gives him a particular sensitivity to the protection of its current forms which the abusive exploitation of natural environments endangers See also EditTaxa named by Nicolas TheobaldAwards EditNicolas Theobald is the recipient of the following decorations 5 1949 Knight of the Order of the Legion of Honor 1963 Commander of the Academic Palms 1965 Knight of the Agricultural Merit 1974 Officer in the Ordre national du MeritePublications EditAuthor s works Edit These Nicolas Theobald 1937 Written at France Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France Thesis in French Theses Universite de Nancy Bulletin mensuel de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy et Memoires de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy in French pp 473 pp 17 fig 7 cartes 13 tables 29 planches hors texte OCLC 786027547 Nicolas Theobald 1971 Geologie et Hydrogeologie de la Haute Saone in French France Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon pp 3e serie Geologie fasc 14 76 pp 15 fig 10 planches hors texte 2 cartes Nicolas Theobald 1972 Written at France Les Fondements Geologiques de la Prehistoire Essai de chronostratigraphie des formations quaternaires in French Paris Doin pp 95 pp 45 figures Nicolas Theobald 1975 Montenach Monographie d un village lorrain Obernai 9 rue de la Victoire 67210 in French France pp 211 pp 28 fig 5 pl Nicolas Theobald 1979 Written at France A l heure des cloches de mon village Scenes d un village lorrain au debut du XXeme siecle in French Obernai pp 176 pp 160 fig 4 pl ISBN 2 307 43014 8 Author articles Edit Nicolas Theobald 1931 Les alluvions anciennes de la Moselle aux environs de Sierck Compte Rendu Sommaire de la Societe Geologique de France in French 2 10 12 ISSN 0037 9417 Nicolas Theobald 1932 Le pays de Sierck Description geologique comprenant une etude detaillee des terrasses de la Moselle entre Koenigsmacker et Sierck Bulletin de la Societe d Histoire de la Moselle 4e serie in French 33 IX 1 45 5 figures 8 planches ISSN 1149 4719 Nicolas Theobald 1933 Observations sur la basse terrasse du Rhin en aval de Bale Bulletin de la Societe Industrielle de Mulhouse IC in French 21 27 3 fig Nicolas Theobald 1934 Contribution a la paleontologie du bassin oligocene du Haut Rhin et du Territoire de Belfort Les poissons oligocenes Bulletin du Service de la Carte geologique d Alsace et de Lorraine in French 2 2 2 117 162 planches XI XV doi 10 3406 sgeol 1934 1106 ISSN 0037 2560 Les formations quaternaires Nicolas Theobald 1935 Les formations quaternaires L Enseignement scientifique 8e annee in French 79 262 271 80 303 307 6 figures 1 tableau ISSN 0367 1372 Nicolas Theobald 1935 Les alluvions anciennes de la Moselle et de la Meurthe en amont de Sierck Bulletin du Centenaire de la Societe d Histoire Naturelle de la Moselle in French Metz 3 34 69 100 1 figure 2 tableaux Note complementaire Nicolas Theobald June 1937 Note complementaire sur les insectes fossiles oligocenes des gypses d Aix en Provence BM SSN Juin 1937 PDF Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy in French 6 157 178 2 planches 7 figures ISSN 1155 1119 Decouverte Nicolas Theobald 1937 Decouverte d une defense de Mammouth Elephas primigenius dans les alluvions de la plaine rhenane de Valff Bas Rhin BM SSN Mai 1937 PDF Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy in French 5 142 145 ISSN 1155 1119 Nicolas Theobald 1948 Carte de la base des formations alluviales dans le sud du fosse rhenan Memoires du Service de la Carte Geologique d Alsace et de Lorraine in French 9 1 9 5 77 9 cartes 4 coupes 1 planche ISSN 0080 9020 Nicolas Theobald 1949 Contribution a l etude de la basse terrasse rhenane Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France in French 5 19 155 160 ISSN 0037 9409 Stegocephales Nicolas Theobald 1958 Contribution a l etude des Stegocephales du Permien inferieur de la Sarre Annales Universitatis Saraviensis Sciences in French VII 2 192 210 4 planches Elephas Nicolas Theobald 1958 Elephas Trogontherii dans les alluvions anciennes du niveau de Griesheim Bas Rhin Bulletin du Service de la Carte Geologique d Alsace et de Lorraine in French 11 2 T 11 2 21 24 1 fig doi 10 3406 sgeol 1958 1180 ISSN 0037 2560 Common articles Edit Piton L Theobald Nicolas 1939 Poissons crustaces et insectes fossiles de l Oligocene du Puy de Mur Auvergne Memoires de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy in French 11 47 28 fig 2 pl ISSN 0369 2183 Theobald Nicolas Cheviet M T 1959 Les Ammonites du Toarcien superieur du Jura franc comtois Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon 2 Geologie in French 9 43 77 17 figures 3 planches ISSN 0523 056X Theobald Nicolas Firtion F 1953 Decouvertes paleontologiques dans la plaine du Rhin a Worth en Palatinat Annales Universitatis Saraviensis in French II 3 177 185 3 planches Nicolas Theobald et F Firtion 1953 Theobald Nicolas Moine H 1959 Les ammonites du Toarcien superieur et de l Aalenien du sentier de l Ehn pres d Obernai Bas Rhin Bulletin du Service de la Carte Geologique d Alsace et de Lorraine in French t 12 fasc 1 1 36 6 planches ISSN 0037 2560 Theobald Nicolas Szymanek C 1963 Le crane du Rhinoceros a narines cloisonnees des grottes de Rigney Doubs Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon 2 Geologie in French fascicule 17 97 113 ISSN 0523 056X Common works Edit Theobald Nicolas Gama Adrien 1956 Geologie generale et Petrographie in French Paris Doin Deren et Cie pp 304 pp 157 fig 12 planches Geologie Theobald Nicolas Gama Adrien 1969 Geologie generale et Petrologie Elements de geodynamique in French Paris Doin Deren et Cie pp 586 pp 234 fig 16 planches Geologie Generale et Petrologie Elements de Geodynamique Paleontologie Theobald Nicolas Gama Adrien 1969 Paleontologie elements de paleobiologie 2e ed revue et mise a jour in French Paris Doin Deren et Cie p 584 OCLC 489626848 Retrieved 2021 01 13 Stratigraphie Theobald Nicolas Gama Adrien 1969 Stratigraphie elements de geologie historique in French Doin Deren et Cie ISBN 978 2 7040 0134 7 Retrieved 2021 01 13 Bibliography Edit Works by other authors Edit Henri Baulig 1935 Quelques problemes de morphologie vosgienne L Alsace geologique geographique et geophysique Bibliotheque Jean Mace in French pp I 13 22 Pierre Bonnet 2019 Le Lac J en ai reve in French Imprimerie Repro System Vesoul p 158 Cadiot B Mayer Rosa D Vogt J December 1979 Le seisme balois de 1356 Les tremblements de terre en France sous la direction de Jean Vogt Orleans Memoire du Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres in French Vol 96 p 224 B Cadiot D Mayer Rosa J Vogt 1979 Johannes Ernst Wilhelm Deecke 1917 Geologie von Baden T 2 Tektonik in German Berlin Gebr Borntraeger Camille Maire 2000 La promotion 1920 1923 Premiere promotion francaise de l Ecole Normale de Montigny pdf les Cahiers Lorrains N 4 2000 in French Societe d histoire et d archeologie de la Lorraine pp 515 522 Articles by other authors Edit Henriette Alimen 1973 Compte rendu de N Theobald Fondements geologiques de la Prehistoire Bulletin de la Societe prehistorique francaise Comptes rendus des seances mensuelles in French vol 70 2 42 ISSN 0249 7638 Blaison J Campy M Contini D Rangheard Y 1973 Jubile scientifique de Nicolas Theobald Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon 3e serie Geologie fasc 18 in French 7 8 ISSN 0523 056X Abel Briquet 1928 La terrasse a berge haute du Rhin moyen Bulletin du Service de la Carte Geologique d Alsace et de Lorraine in French 1 3 T 1 3 263 268 2 fig pl X doi 10 3406 sgeol 1928 1094 ISSN 0037 2560 Abel Briquet 1930 Le Quaternaire de l Alsace Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France in French 4 XXX 977 1014 ISSN 0037 9409 Roger Clement 1927 Un compte d un briquetier gallo romain du pays de la Moselle Revue des Etudes anciennes in French 29 2 29 2 205 207 1 fig doi 10 3406 rea 1927 2445 ISSN 0035 2004 Mireille Darmois Theobald 1973 Paleontologie et ecologie dans l œuvre de N Theobald in Recueil de travaux dedies au Professeur N Theobald Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon 3e serie Geologie fasc 18 in French 19 22 1 fig ISSN 0523 056X Darmois Theobald Mireille Rangheard Yves 1987 Une page de l histoire de la neotectonique les premiers travaux de Nicolas Theobald sur les terrasses rhenanes Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon 4e serie Geologie fasc 8 in French 55 65 6 fig OCLC 490154370 A Gutzwiller 1912 Die Gliederung der diluvialen Schotter in der Umgebung von Basel Verh Der Naturf Ges In Basel in German Band XXIII 57 75 A Gutzwiller 1894 Diluvialbildungen der Umgebung von Basel Verh Der Naturf Ges In Basel in German Band X 512 688 2pl A L A Leopold December 1937 Review Les Insectes Fossiles des Terrains Oligocenes de France by Nicolas Theobald The Canadian Field Naturalist 137 ISSN 0008 3550 Rangheard Yves 1982 Vie et œuvre de Nicolas Theobald 1903 1981 Annales Scientifiques de l Universite de Besancon in French 4 4 3 11 1fig Jean Gerard Theobald 2001 Souvenirs de la guerre 39 45 Revue lorraine populaire in French 159 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicolas Theobald Wikispecies has information related to Nicolas Theobald Roger Clement conservateur de la bibliotheque de Metz et des musees de la ville de Metz voir page 9 10 au releve des travaux Compte d un briquetier gallo romin de Moselle 1927 89 91 PDF documents irevues inist fr irevues Roger Clement Retrieved 7 February 2021 Calames www calames abes fr Retrieved 13 January 2021 publications liees a Theobald Nicolas sudoc abes fr in French La geologie de l Alsace voir notamment pages 289 a 308 www persee fr doc La geologie de l Alsace sur persee voir notamment pages 289 a 308 Retrieved 26 March 2021 Nicolas Theobald Wikispecies Nicolas Theobald sur Wikispecies Retrieved 26 March 2021 Les principaux gisements a insectes fossiles en France carte des departements avec vingt sept gisements sur les neuf periodes Carbonifere Permien Trias Jurrasique Cretace Paleocene Eocene Oligocene six gisements dans le sud de la France et Miocene www reseau canope fr selon le Museum national d histoire naturelle Les principaux gisements a insectes fossiles en France Retrieved 26 March 2021 Montenach www reserves naturelles org montenach www reserves naturelles org montenach Retrieved 21 March 2021 Montenach FR3600116 Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel Museum national d Histoire naturelle 2003 inpn mnhn fr espace protege FR3600116 Decret n 94 124 du 8 fevrier 1994 portant creation de la reserve naturelle de Montenach Moselle Legifrance Decret n 94 124 du 8 fevrier 1994 sur legifrance Ecole normale d instituteurs Lyon data bnf fr ENI Lyon BNF Notes and references EditNotes Edit a b Detail de la Fig 4 1 Syrphidae 2 Bibio celasensis N TH 3 Plecia forsteri N TH 4 Plecia augustiventris N TH 5 Plecia splendida N TH 6 Bibio obtusa N TH 7 Strophosomus marcelini N TH 8 Bibio tenuiapicalis N TH 9 Plecia cf longua HEER 10 Oligocassida melaena N TH 11 Tetralonia berlandi N TH 12 Bibio macerata N TH 13 Bibio elongatipennis N TH 14 Plecia splendida N TH 15 Plecia superba N TH 16 Plecia longiventris N TH 17 Cryptochilus contentus N TH tous sont des holotypes sauf les echantillons 1 et 9 tous les echantillons proviennent du gisement de Celas sauf le 6 Monteils 10 et 16 Les Fumades References Edit Nicolas Theobald 1979 Nicolas Theobald 1979 p 7 Nicolas Theobald 1979 p 43 70 Nicolas Theobald 1979 p 16 a b c d e f g Rangheard 1982 p 3 11 Camille Maire 2000 p 515 521 Nicolas Theobald 1975 p 50 51 irevues Roger Clement sfn error no target CITEREFirevues Roger Clement help Roger Clement 1927 pp 205 207 ENI Lyon BNF sfn error no target CITEREFENI Lyon BNF help Jean Gerard Theobald 2001 p 38 40 Theobald amp Gama 1956 Calames details sfn error no target CITEREFCalames details help Geologie Theobald amp Gama 1969 Paleontologie Theobald amp Gama 1969 Stratigraphie Theobald amp Gama 1969 Publications sur sudoc abes sfn error no target CITEREFPublications sur sudoc abes help These Nicolas Theobald 1937 La geologie de l Alsace sur persee voir notamment pages 289 a 308 sfn error no target CITEREFLa geologie de l Alsace sur persee voir notamment pages 289 a 308 help Nicolas Theobald sur Wikispecies sfn error no target CITEREFNicolas Theobald sur Wikispecies help Blaison et al 1973 pp 7 8 Les formations quaternaires Nicolas Theobald 1935 p 79 80 Nicolas Theobald 1931 p 2 10 11 Nicolas Theobald 1932 p 1 45 Nicolas Theobald 1935 p 69 100 A Gutzwiller 1894 p 512 688 A Gutzwiller 1912 p 57 75 Johannes Ernst Wilhelm Deecke 1917 Abel Briquet 1928 pp 263 268 Abel Briquet 1930 pp 977 1014 Nicolas Theobald 1933 p 21 27 Cadiot Mayer Rosa amp Vogt 1979 p 154 165 Henri Baulig 1935 p I 13 22 Nicolas Theobald 1948 p 9 5 77 Nicolas Theobald 1949 p 5 19 155 160 These Nicolas Theobald 1937 p 151 156 These Nicolas Theobald 1937 p 381 385 These Nicolas Theobald 1937 p 157 These Nicolas Theobald 1937 p 263 283 Note complementaire Nicolas Theobald 1937 p 6 157 178 Les principaux gisements a insectes fossiles en France sfn error no target CITEREFLes principaux gisements a insectes fossiles en France help A L A Leopold 1937 p 137 Nicolas Theobald 1934 p 2 117 162 Piton amp Theobald 1939 Stegocephales Nicolas Theobald 1958 p 192 210 Theobald amp Moine 1959 Theobald amp Cheviet 1959 Decouverte Nicolas Theobald 1937 p 142 145 Elephas Nicolas Theobald 1958 p 21 24 Theobald amp Firtion 1953 p 177 185 Theobald amp Szymanek 1963 p 97 113 Nicolas Theobald 1972 Henriette Alimen 1973 p 42 Nicolas Theobald 1971 Pierre Bonnet 2019 p 17 www reserves naturelles org montenach sfn error no target CITEREFwww reserves naturelles org montenach help inpn mnhn fr espace protege FR3600116 sfn error no target CITEREFinpn mnhn fr espace protege FR3600116 help Decret n 94 124 du 8 fevrier 1994 sur legifrance sfn error no target CITEREFDecret n 94 124 du 8 fevrier 1994 sur legifrance help Paleontology portal Geology portal Entomology portal Schools portal France portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolas Theobald amp oldid 1135561670, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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