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Nicolas Grunitzky (French pronunciation:[nikɔlagʁynitski]; 5 April 1913 – 27 September 1969) was the second president of Togo and its third head of state. He was President from 1963 to 1967. Grunitzky was Prime Minister of Togo from 1956 to 1958 under the French Colonial loi cadre system, which created a limited "national" government in their colonial possessions. He was elected Prime Minister of Togo —still under French administration— in 1956. Following the 1963 coup which killed his nationalist political rival and brother-in-law Sylvanus Olympio, Grunitzky was chosen by the military committee of coup leaders to be Togo's second President.[1]
He was born in Atakpamé in 1913 to a German father and a Togolese mother (of Yoruba royalty).[2][3] He studied civil engineering at the ESTP in Paris and was a public administrator before leaving to form his own company. He was the secretary-general of the Togolese Party of Progress and was elected into the Togolese Representative Assembly in 1951. Grunitzky also served in the French National Assembly from 1951 to 1958, winning elections in 1951 and 1956. Supported by France, he became the Prime Minister of the Republic of Togo on September 12, 1956. The PTP and its northern ally, the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North, were defeated in elections held on May 16, 1958 by Sylvanus Olympio's Committee of Togolese Unity (CUT) and their nationalist allies Juvento, and Grunitzky subsequently went into exile.
The CUT/JUVENTO government declared Togo's independence on April 27, 1960, and Olympio (Grunitzky's chief political rival and brother-in-law) was elected the first president of independent Togo. Following a coup d'état in 1963 that ended with the assassination of President Olympio, Grunitzky was appointed president by the "Insurrection Committee" headed by Emmanuel Bodjollé. This was the first military coup in Western Africa following independence, and was organized by a group of soldiers under the direction of Sergeant Étienne Gnassingbé Eyadema. Grunitzky attempted to unify the country by including several political parties in his government. He was, however, toppled in a bloodless military coup led by now-Lt. Col Étienne Gnassingbé Eyadema and was exiled to Paris.
He was injured in a car accident in Côte d'Ivoire, and died from complications in a hospital in Paris in 1969.
ReferencesEdit
^Paxton, John (1985). "Togo". In Paxton, John (ed.). The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1985–1986. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 1177–1180. doi:10.1057/9780230271142. ISBN978-0-230-27114-2.
^Kondi Charles Madjome Agba (2002). Le commandant de Cercle à Bassar (in French). Editions Haho (the University of Michigan). p. 56. ISBN9782913746169.
^Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong; Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2012). Dictionary of African Biography, Volumes 1-6. OUP USA. ISBN978-0-19-538207-5.
Nicolas GRUNITZKY (1913–1969) Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 assemblee-nationale.fr (Biography at French National Assembly)
Bridgette Kasuka. Prominent African Leaders Since Independence. Bankole Kamara Taylor (2012) ISBN9781470043582
Frédéric Joël Aivo. Le président de la république en Afrique noire francophone: genèse, mutations et avenir de la fonction. L'Harmattan (2007) ISBN9782296023987
GAYIBOR Nicoué. Histoire des Togolais. Des origines aux années 1960 (Tome 4 : Le refus de l'ordre colonial). KARTHALA Editions (2011) ISBN9782811133429
External linksEdit
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Much of the content of this article comes from the equivalent French-language Wikipedia article (retrieved 27 May 2005).
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian October 2015 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Russian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Gryunickij Nikolas see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Gryunickij Nikolas to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Nicolas Grunitzky French pronunciation nikɔla gʁynitski 5 April 1913 27 September 1969 was the second president of Togo and its third head of state He was President from 1963 to 1967 Grunitzky was Prime Minister of Togo from 1956 to 1958 under the French Colonial loi cadre system which created a limited national government in their colonial possessions He was elected Prime Minister of Togo still under French administration in 1956 Following the 1963 coup which killed his nationalist political rival and brother in law Sylvanus Olympio Grunitzky was chosen by the military committee of coup leaders to be Togo s second President 1 Nicolas Grunitzky2nd President of TogoIn office 13 January 1963 13 January 1967Vice PresidentAntoine MeatchiPreceded byEmmanuel BodjolleSucceeded byKleber DadjoPrime Minister of TogoIn office 12 September 1956 16 May 1958Preceded bynoneSucceeded bySylvanus OlympioPersonal detailsBorn 1913 04 05 5 April 1913Atakpame TogolandDied27 September 1969 1969 09 27 aged 56 Paris FrancePolitical partyTogolese Party of ProgressBiography EditHe was born in Atakpame in 1913 to a German father and a Togolese mother of Yoruba royalty 2 3 He studied civil engineering at the ESTP in Paris and was a public administrator before leaving to form his own company He was the secretary general of the Togolese Party of Progress and was elected into the Togolese Representative Assembly in 1951 Grunitzky also served in the French National Assembly from 1951 to 1958 winning elections in 1951 and 1956 Supported by France he became the Prime Minister of the Republic of Togo on September 12 1956 The PTP and its northern ally the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North were defeated in elections held on May 16 1958 by Sylvanus Olympio s Committee of Togolese Unity CUT and their nationalist allies Juvento and Grunitzky subsequently went into exile The CUT JUVENTO government declared Togo s independence on April 27 1960 and Olympio Grunitzky s chief political rival and brother in law was elected the first president of independent Togo Following a coup d etat in 1963 that ended with the assassination of President Olympio Grunitzky was appointed president by the Insurrection Committee headed by Emmanuel Bodjolle This was the first military coup in Western Africa following independence and was organized by a group of soldiers under the direction of Sergeant Etienne Gnassingbe Eyadema Grunitzky attempted to unify the country by including several political parties in his government He was however toppled in a bloodless military coup led by now Lt Col Etienne Gnassingbe Eyadema and was exiled to Paris He was injured in a car accident in Cote d Ivoire and died from complications in a hospital in Paris in 1969 References Edit Paxton John 1985 Togo In Paxton John ed The Statesman s Year Book Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1985 1986 Palgrave Macmillan UK pp 1177 1180 doi 10 1057 9780230271142 ISBN 978 0 230 27114 2 Kondi Charles Madjome Agba 2002 Le commandant de Cercle a Bassar in French Editions Haho the University of Michigan p 56 ISBN 9782913746169 Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong Henry Louis Gates Jr Mr Steven J Niven 2012 Dictionary of African Biography Volumes 1 6 OUP USA ISBN 978 0 19 538207 5 Nicolas GRUNITZKY 1913 1969 Base de donnees des deputes francais depuis 1789 assemblee nationale fr Biography at French National Assembly Bridgette Kasuka Prominent African Leaders Since Independence Bankole Kamara Taylor 2012 ISBN 9781470043582 Frederic Joel Aivo Le president de la republique en Afrique noire francophone genese mutations et avenir de la fonction L Harmattan 2007 ISBN 9782296023987 GAYIBOR Nicoue Histoire des Togolais Des origines aux annees 1960 Tome 4 Le refus de l ordre colonial KARTHALA Editions 2011 ISBN 9782811133429External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicolas Grunitzky Much of the content of this article comes from the equivalent French language Wikipedia article retrieved 27 May 2005 Preceded bynone Prime Minister of Togo1956 1958 Succeeded bySylvanus OlympioPreceded byEmmanuel Bodjolle President of Togo1963 1967 Succeeded byKleber Dadjo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolas Grunitzky amp oldid 1169784015, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
