Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva (3 October 1837 – 24 November 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist, and President of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina's economic growth. The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the Buenos Aires into a federal district.[3]
Born in San Miguel de Tucumán, his mother moved with him to Bolivia after the death of his father, Marco Avellaneda, during a revolt against Juan Manuel de Rosas. He studied law at Córdoba, without graduating. Back at Tucumán he founded El Eco del Norte, and moved to Buenos Aires in 1857, becoming director of the El Nacional and editor of El Comercio de la Plata. He finished his studies at Buenos Aires, meeting Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. Sarmiento helped him to become teacher of economy at the University of Buenos Aires. He wrote "Estudio sobre las leyes de tierras públicas" (Spanish: Study of the laws about public lands), proposing to give the lands to producers that make production from them. This system, similar to the one employed at the United States, suggested to reduce bureaucracy and pointed that this would allow stable populations and population growth.
He was a member of the house of representatives in 1859 and Minister of Government of Adolfo Alsina in the Buenos Aires province in 1866. During Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's presidency, he was Minister of Justice and Education. He implemented the educational reform that was defining of his government.
Avellaneda attained the presidency in 1874 but had its legitimacy contested by Bartolomé Mitre and supported by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. Mitre deployed the army against Avellaneda but was defeated by Julio Argentino Roca. Mitre was held prisoner and judged by military justice, but Avellaneda indulged him in order to promote pacification. He also included Rufino de Elizalde and José María Gutiérrez, supporters of Mitre, as members of his cabinet.
In line with people like Alberdi or Sarmiento, who thought that European immigration was crucial to the Argentine development, he promoted the "Avellaneda law" that allowed European farmers ease to get terrains. The immigration numbers were doubled in a few years.
Having won the revolution and bringing peace to the country, Avellaneda faced a serious economic crisis, centering his efforts on the control of the land with the Conquest of the Desert and expanding the railroads, the cereal and meat exports, and the European immigration, specially to Patagonia. During his presidency, the economy of Argentina was seriously affected by the European crisis putting the country on the edge of debt default. Deciding to take Argentina from its debts, he said that "[...]there are two million Argentines who would economize even to their hunger and thirst to fulfill the promises of our public commitments in the foreign markets".[4] He reduced the budget and applied a weak protectionism. The crisis was eventually fixed with the growing exports of refrigerated meat to Europe, a new developing industrial method of the time.
Monument to Nicolás Avellaneda in Parque 3 de Febrero.
A prolific writer, his works have been published in 12 volumes.
Aged 37, he was the youngest Argentine president ever elected.[5] He had served in the Argentine Senate for five months in 1874 and returned to the Senate in 1883 until his death. He died at the age of 48 on a ship returning from medical treatment in France. He is the shortest-lived President of Argentina.[6]
Bibliographyedit
Mendelevich, Pablo (2010). El Final. Buenos Aires: Ediciones B. ISBN978-987-627-166-0.
Referencesedit
^. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
^Félix V. Lonigro (9 March 2019). "Cincuentones, longevos o muy jóvenes: curiosidades de las edades de los presidentes argentinos" (in Spanish). Infobae.com. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
nicolás, avellaneda, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, avellaneda, second, maternal, family, name, silva, confused, with, footballer, nicolás, remigio, aurelio, avellaneda, silva, october, 1837, november, 1885, argentine, politician, journalist, p. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Avellaneda and the second or maternal family name is Silva Not to be confused with Nicolas Avellaneda footballer Nicolas Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva 3 October 1837 24 November 1885 was an Argentine politician and journalist and President of Argentina from 1874 to 1880 Avellaneda s main projects while in office were banking and education reform leading to Argentina s economic growth The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the Buenos Aires into a federal district 3 Nicolas AvellanedaNational SenatorIn office May 3 1882 November 25 1885ConstituencyTucumanIn office May 3 1884 October 10 1884ConstituencyTucumanPresident of ArgentinaIn office October 12 1874 October 11 1880Vice PresidentMariano AcostaPreceded byDomingo F SarmientoSucceeded byJulio A RocaMinister of Justice and Public InstructionIn office October 12 1868 August 10 1873PresidentDomingo Faustino SarmientoPreceded byEduardo CostaSucceeded byJuan Crisostomo AlbarracinPersonal detailsBornOctober 3 1837 1 San Miguel de Tucuman TucumanDiedNovember 24 1885 1885 11 24 aged 48 At seaNationalityArgentinePolitical partyNational Autonomist PartySpouseCarmen Nobrega Miguens 2 ProfessionLawyerHis grandson was Jose Domingo Molina Gomez who took presidency when Juan Peron was captured Contents 1 Biography 2 Bibliography 3 References 4 External linksBiography editBorn in San Miguel de Tucuman his mother moved with him to Bolivia after the death of his father Marco Avellaneda during a revolt against Juan Manuel de Rosas He studied law at Cordoba without graduating Back at Tucuman he founded El Eco del Norte and moved to Buenos Aires in 1857 becoming director of the El Nacional and editor of El Comercio de la Plata He finished his studies at Buenos Aires meeting Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Sarmiento helped him to become teacher of economy at the University of Buenos Aires He wrote Estudio sobre las leyes de tierras publicas Spanish Study of the laws about public lands proposing to give the lands to producers that make production from them This system similar to the one employed at the United States suggested to reduce bureaucracy and pointed that this would allow stable populations and population growth He was a member of the house of representatives in 1859 and Minister of Government of Adolfo Alsina in the Buenos Aires province in 1866 During Domingo Faustino Sarmiento s presidency he was Minister of Justice and Education He implemented the educational reform that was defining of his government Avellaneda attained the presidency in 1874 but had its legitimacy contested by Bartolome Mitre and supported by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Mitre deployed the army against Avellaneda but was defeated by Julio Argentino Roca Mitre was held prisoner and judged by military justice but Avellaneda indulged him in order to promote pacification He also included Rufino de Elizalde and Jose Maria Gutierrez supporters of Mitre as members of his cabinet In line with people like Alberdi or Sarmiento who thought that European immigration was crucial to the Argentine development he promoted the Avellaneda law that allowed European farmers ease to get terrains The immigration numbers were doubled in a few years Having won the revolution and bringing peace to the country Avellaneda faced a serious economic crisis centering his efforts on the control of the land with the Conquest of the Desert and expanding the railroads the cereal and meat exports and the European immigration specially to Patagonia During his presidency the economy of Argentina was seriously affected by the European crisis putting the country on the edge of debt default Deciding to take Argentina from its debts he said that there are two million Argentines who would economize even to their hunger and thirst to fulfill the promises of our public commitments in the foreign markets 4 He reduced the budget and applied a weak protectionism The crisis was eventually fixed with the growing exports of refrigerated meat to Europe a new developing industrial method of the time nbsp Monument to Nicolas Avellaneda in Parque 3 de Febrero A prolific writer his works have been published in 12 volumes Aged 37 he was the youngest Argentine president ever elected 5 He had served in the Argentine Senate for five months in 1874 and returned to the Senate in 1883 until his death He died at the age of 48 on a ship returning from medical treatment in France He is the shortest lived President of Argentina 6 Bibliography editMendelevich Pablo 2010 El Final Buenos Aires Ediciones B ISBN 978 987 627 166 0 References edit F Pigna Archived from the original on 15 December 2013 Retrieved 28 September 2010 NICOLAS AVELLANEDA 1874 1880 Casa Rosada Mendelevich p 51 El Historiador Archived 2013 12 15 at the Wayback Machine in Spanish Mendelevich p 314 Felix V Lonigro 9 March 2019 Cincuentones longevos o muy jovenes curiosidades de las edades de los presidentes argentinos in Spanish Infobae com Retrieved 4 July 2023 External links editNicolas Avellaneda at Find a GravePolitical officesPreceded byDomingo F Sarmiento President of Argentina1874 1880 Succeeded byJulio A Roca Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolas Avellaneda amp oldid 1171102164, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
