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Te Āti Awa

August 20, 2023

Te Āti Awa is a Māori iwi with traditional bases in the Taranaki and Wellington regions of New Zealand. Approximately 17,000 people registered their affiliation to Te Āti Awa in 2001, with around 10,000 in Taranaki, 2,000 in Wellington and around 5,000 of unspecified regional location.

Te Āti Awa
Iwi (tribe) in Māoridom
Rohe (region)Taranaki and Wellington
Waka (canoe)Tokomaru, Aotea
Population15,270[1]
Websitewww.teatiawa.iwi.nz

Geographical landmarks

 
Kataore, mere pounamu (42cm x 12cm) named after a Ngāi Tahu chief killed by Te Rauparaha in the 1830s. Gifted by Riwai Keioni Te Ahu, Te Ati Awa to Sir George Grey. Currently loaned to the Auckland War Memorial Museum, New Zealand.

Te Āti Awa recognise Taranaki as their ancestral homeland. Mount Taranaki dominates the regional landscape, and many of the eight local iwi, including Te Āti Awa, regard it as sacred. The iwi also maintains a cultural association with several waterways in the region, including Wai-o-ngana, Waiwakaiho, and the Waitara River in the Taranaki region. Historical tapu in the Wellington region include the Hutt River delta and Lowry Bay (Eastbourne); plus Waikawa, Motueka and Golden Bay in the South Island.

History

Foundations

Te Awanuiarangi is recognised as the founding ancestor of Te Āti Awa. According to Te Āti Awa traditions, he was the product of a union between Rongoueroa and Tamarau, a spirit ancestor. Awanuiarangi is also an ancestor of Ngāti Awa in the Bay of Plenty. However, while Ngāti Awa trace their ancestry to the Mataatua canoe, some Te Āti Awa trace their origins to the Tokomaru canoe whilst others remember the connection to the Kaahui people or the people that walked here before the floods. Whilst Manaia and the other three captains of Tokomaru are recognized the whakapapa for the Kaahui people is clearly of older stock as can be seen in the carved house and principle marae of Te Atiawa.

Te Awanuiarangi was known to have been born in Taranaki around the Waiongana area that being the region of where some of the Kaahui people lived. After Toi-Kairaakau, Ruarangi and Rauru left with Toroa and the then budding Wairaka. The story continues that in several North Island traditions, Awanuiarangi originally settled in the Northland region, but migrated southwards with his people following disputes with other northern iwi. Some migrants settled in the Bay of Plenty, some of whom gave rise to the Ngāti Awa iwi. Others settled in Taranaki, some of whom formed Te Āti Awa. As for the ones that returned home from their sojourn around the country, (Te Awanuiarangi included) they were welcomed back to their original homeland in Taranaki with open arms.

Warfare and migration

The introduction of muskets to the Māori in the early 19th century saw a marked increase in tribal war campaigns. In 1819, Ngā Puhi began a campaign of conquest throughout the North Island, newly equipped with muskets bought from Sydney. Partly due to tensions with northern Waikato iwi, Te Āti Awa and other Taranaki iwi joined forces with Ngā Puhi. Armed with muskets, Te Ati Awa forces battled the Waikato iwi. Despite a decisive victory at Motunui in 1822, the Waikato forces eventually threatened to overtake Taranaki. This precipitated the first of four major migrations southwards.

  1. Te Heke Tātaramoa. The first migration from Taranaki comprised people from Ngāti Toa, Ngāti Tama, Ngāti Mutunga and Te Āti Awa, all fleeing the potential threat of the Waikato forces. This first group migrated to the Kapiti Coast.
  2. Te Heke Nihoputa. A second migration from Taranaki occurred around 1824, including Ngāti Mutunga, Ngāti Tama and Te Āti Awa. These travellers settled in the area around Wellington Harbour. In Wellington traditions, Rongoueroa married Ruarangi, son of noted Polynesian explorer Toi. Her grandson was Tara, who lent his name to the area of Wellington Harbour, which became Te Whanganui-a-Tara ("the great harbour of Tara").
  3. Te Heke Tamateuaua. In retaliation for the defeat at Motunui, Waikato and Ngāti Maniapoto forces combined and invaded the Taranaki region, eventually reaching the Ngāmotu people of Te Āti Awa. In 1832, considerable numbers of Ngāmotu moved south to Wellington, joined by some Ngāti Tama, settling at Petone with a hapu of Ngāti Mutunga, who arrived from a previous migration. In gratitude for avenging the death of one of their leaders, Ngāti Mutunga gifted the area around the Hutt River delta and Lowry Bay to the Ngāmotu people. From this time Waikato Tainui claimed mana whenua over this part of Taranaki.
  4. Te Heke Paukena and the Kūititanga Battle. A fourth migration from Taranaki also took place in 1834, after a battle with Ngāti Toa. This preceded the breakdown of relations between tribal settlements on the Kapiti Coast, and in 1835, Ngāti Mutunga and sections of Ngāti Tama transferred control of their lands to Te Āti Awa and other Taranaki tribes when they went to invade the Chatham islands to attack the Moriori. In 1839, Ngāti Raukawa, who were fairly recent arrivals to the Wellington region, attacked Te Āti Awa settlements along Wellington Harbour, with support from Ngāti Toa.

Arrival of European settlers

In that same year, newly arrived English settlers brought increased demand for land around the Wellington area. The New Zealand Company initially bought some land from local Māori tribes; some of these land purchases would later come into dispute. A later practice saw deeds obtained from local Māori tribes allowing for the reservation of one-tenth of land for Māori use, or in exchange for land elsewhere.

European settlements began to encroach on ancestral Taranaki lands in 1841. This led to a migration of some Wellington Te Āti Awa back to Taranaki in 1848, led by Wiremu Kīngi Te Rangitāke, who opposed the sale of tribal lands to European settlers. Conflicts over land sales arose between various sub-tribes and with European settlers. In 1860, Kīngi refused an ultimatum from Crown troops to vacate his land, after it was offered to the Crown by another chief. Such action led to the first shots of the New Zealand Wars.

New Zealand Wars

Main article: First Taranaki War

Te Āti Awa in Taranaki received widespread support from other Māori, including warriors from the Māori King Movement, in their battle with the Crown, but after a strong year of fighting were ultimately defeated due to the Crown being able to bring in fighters from Australia. Under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 and the Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863, (two Acts which the Crown enacted only directly after the war), Te Āti Awa were branded "rebels" and the Crown confiscated almost 485,000 hectares (1,200,000 acres) of Te Āti Awa land in Taranaki. This severely undermined the political and social structures of the iwi and revealed the deceptive nature of the oppressive Crown colonial entities. To this day Te Ati Awa have not had their land returned.[2][3] At least 12 members of Te Āti Awa died during the First Taranaki War.[4]

Government redress

The 20th century saw several attempts by the New Zealand Government to redress past actions towards Te Āti Awa. This included recommendations for a settlement monetary sum; a figure was eventually reached by the Government, but without consultation with Taranaki tribes. The Taranaki Maori Claims Act of 1944 also indicated an early full settlement between the Crown and local tribes, but this was disputed by various Taranaki iwi. The Waitangi Tribunal reported on Taranaki claims in 1996.[5]

Taranaki claims

Te Āti Awa in Taranaki and the Crown signed a Heads of Agreement in 1999,[6] which sets out a broad agreement in anticipation of developing a formal, legally binding Deed of Settlement. The Heads of Agreement indicates a public apology for land confiscations in Taranaki, recognition of cultural associations with sacred geographical landmarks and land areas, restoration of tribal access to traditional food gathering areas, monetary compensation totalling NZ$34 million and commercial redress for economic loss due to land confiscation. The Agreement covers claims made by Te Āti Awa in Taranaki.

In 2004, the New Plymouth District Council resolved to sell 146 ha of land at Waitara to the Crown on condition that it was used in settlement of Te Atiawa claims under the Treaty of Waitangi. Leaseholders mounted unsuccessful legal opposition in 2008 and 2011.[7]

Wellington claims

In 1977, the Wellington Tenths Trust was established, representing Te Āti Awa land owners in Wellington. The Trust lodged claims with the Waitangi Tribunal over disputed land ownership purchases from 1839, and the Tribunal issued its findings on these claims in 2003,[8] along with those of other iwi in the Wellington region. The Crown and Taranaki Whānui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika, a collective that comprises people from Te Āti Awa and other Taranaki iwi whose ancestors migrated to Wellington, signed a Deed of Settlement in 2008 which settled those claims.[9]

Te Āti Awa today

Te Āti Awa in Taranaki and Wellington maintain strong connections with each other; close ties are also maintained with distantly related Ngāti Awa. As an iwi, Te Āti Awa continue to seek redress for past injustices. Organisations are established in Taranaki and Wellington that represent the political and economic interests of the iwi.

Atiawa Toa FM is the official radio station of Te Atiawa and Ngāti Toa in the lower North Island. It began as Atiawa FM in 1993, broadcasting to Te Atiawa in the Hutt Valley and Wellington. It changed its name in Atiawa Toa FM in mid-1997, expanding its reach to Ngāti Toa in Porirua and Kapiti Coast. The station is based in Lower Hutt, and is available on 96.9 FM in Hutt Valley and Wellington, and on 94.9 FM in Porirua.[10][11]

Te Korimako O Taranaki is the radio station of Te Atiawa in Taranaki. It is also affiliated with other Taranaki region iwi, including Ngati Tama, Ngati Mutunga, Ngāti Maru, Taranaki, Ngāruahine, Ngati Ruanui, Ngaa Rauru Kiitahi. It started at the Bell Block campus of Taranaki Polytechnic in 1992, and moved to the Spotswood campus in 1993.[12] It is available on 94.8 FM across Taranaki.[10]

Notable Te Āti Awa

Main category: Te Āti Awa people

See also

References

  1. ^ "2013 Census iwi individual profiles: Te Atiawa (Taranaki)". www.stats.govt.nz. Stats NZ. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
  2. ^ "Land wars over Pekapeka block". Puke Ariki.
  3. ^ "Te Atiawa - Summary of Settlement". Office of Treaty Settlements.
  4. ^ Prickett, Nigel (2005). "MAORI CASUALTIES OF THE FIRST TARANAKI WAR, 1860-61". Records of the Auckland Museum. 42: 81–124. ISSN 1174-9202.
  5. ^ The Taranaki Report: Kaupapa Tuatahi. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal. 1996.
  6. ^ "Heads of Agreement between the Crown and Te Atiawa". New Zealand Government Executive. 1999-12-01. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
  7. ^ "Court of Appeal Dismisses Waitara Leaseholder's Claim" (Press release). New Plymouth District Council. 24 August 2011.
  8. ^ Te Whanganui a Tara me ona Takiwa: Report on the Wellington District. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal. 2003.
  9. ^ "Taranaki Whānui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika Settlement Summary". Office of Treaty Settlements. 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
  10. ^ a b "Iwi Radio Coverage" (PDF). maorimedia.co.nz. Māori Media Network. 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  11. ^ . Welcome to the Radio Vault. New Zealand: The Radio Vault. 23 July 2009. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Te Korimako O Taranaki". Finda. Yellow Group. Retrieved 14 June 2015.

Other sources

  • Adds, Peter (2006-09-26). "Te Āti Awa of Taranaki". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
  • Love, Morris (2006-12-21). "Te Āti Awa of Wellington". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2010-01-15.

External links

  • Te Ātiawa website
  • Te Ātiawa Trust Board
  • Te Runanga o Ati Awa ki Whakarongotai Inc.
  • Te Runanganui o Taranaki Whanui

August 20, 2023
Āti, māori, with, traditional, bases, taranaki, wellington, regions, zealand, approximately, people, registered, their, affiliation, 2001, with, around, taranaki, wellington, around, unspecified, regional, location, tribe, māoridomrohe, region, taranaki, welli. Te Ati Awa is a Maori iwi with traditional bases in the Taranaki and Wellington regions of New Zealand Approximately 17 000 people registered their affiliation to Te Ati Awa in 2001 with around 10 000 in Taranaki 2 000 in Wellington and around 5 000 of unspecified regional location Te Ati AwaIwi tribe in MaoridomRohe region Taranaki and WellingtonWaka canoe Tokomaru AoteaPopulation15 270 1 Websitewww wbr teatiawa wbr iwi wbr nz Contents 1 Geographical landmarks 2 History 2 1 Foundations 2 2 Warfare and migration 2 3 Arrival of European settlers 2 4 New Zealand Wars 2 5 Government redress 2 5 1 Taranaki claims 2 5 2 Wellington claims 3 Te Ati Awa today 4 Notable Te Ati Awa 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Other sources 7 External linksGeographical landmarks Edit Kataore mere pounamu 42cm x 12cm named after a Ngai Tahu chief killed by Te Rauparaha in the 1830s Gifted by Riwai Keioni Te Ahu Te Ati Awa to Sir George Grey Currently loaned to the Auckland War Memorial Museum New Zealand Te Ati Awa recognise Taranaki as their ancestral homeland Mount Taranaki dominates the regional landscape and many of the eight local iwi including Te Ati Awa regard it as sacred The iwi also maintains a cultural association with several waterways in the region including Wai o ngana Waiwakaiho and the Waitara River in the Taranaki region Historical tapu in the Wellington region include the Hutt River delta and Lowry Bay Eastbourne plus Waikawa Motueka and Golden Bay in the South Island History EditFoundations Edit Te Awanuiarangi is recognised as the founding ancestor of Te Ati Awa According to Te Ati Awa traditions he was the product of a union between Rongoueroa and Tamarau a spirit ancestor Awanuiarangi is also an ancestor of Ngati Awa in the Bay of Plenty However while Ngati Awa trace their ancestry to the Mataatua canoe some Te Ati Awa trace their origins to the Tokomaru canoe whilst others remember the connection to the Kaahui people or the people that walked here before the floods Whilst Manaia and the other three captains of Tokomaru are recognized the whakapapa for the Kaahui people is clearly of older stock as can be seen in the carved house and principle marae of Te Atiawa Te Awanuiarangi was known to have been born in Taranaki around the Waiongana area that being the region of where some of the Kaahui people lived After Toi Kairaakau Ruarangi and Rauru left with Toroa and the then budding Wairaka The story continues that in several North Island traditions Awanuiarangi originally settled in the Northland region but migrated southwards with his people following disputes with other northern iwi Some migrants settled in the Bay of Plenty some of whom gave rise to the Ngati Awa iwi Others settled in Taranaki some of whom formed Te Ati Awa As for the ones that returned home from their sojourn around the country Te Awanuiarangi included they were welcomed back to their original homeland in Taranaki with open arms Warfare and migration Edit The introduction of muskets to the Maori in the early 19th century saw a marked increase in tribal war campaigns In 1819 Nga Puhi began a campaign of conquest throughout the North Island newly equipped with muskets bought from Sydney Partly due to tensions with northern Waikato iwi Te Ati Awa and other Taranaki iwi joined forces with Nga Puhi Armed with muskets Te Ati Awa forces battled the Waikato iwi Despite a decisive victory at Motunui in 1822 the Waikato forces eventually threatened to overtake Taranaki This precipitated the first of four major migrations southwards Te Heke Tataramoa The first migration from Taranaki comprised people from Ngati Toa Ngati Tama Ngati Mutunga and Te Ati Awa all fleeing the potential threat of the Waikato forces This first group migrated to the Kapiti Coast Te Heke Nihoputa A second migration from Taranaki occurred around 1824 including Ngati Mutunga Ngati Tama and Te Ati Awa These travellers settled in the area around Wellington Harbour In Wellington traditions Rongoueroa married Ruarangi son of noted Polynesian explorer Toi Her grandson was Tara who lent his name to the area of Wellington Harbour which became Te Whanganui a Tara the great harbour of Tara Te Heke Tamateuaua In retaliation for the defeat at Motunui Waikato and Ngati Maniapoto forces combined and invaded the Taranaki region eventually reaching the Ngamotu people of Te Ati Awa In 1832 considerable numbers of Ngamotu moved south to Wellington joined by some Ngati Tama settling at Petone with a hapu of Ngati Mutunga who arrived from a previous migration In gratitude for avenging the death of one of their leaders Ngati Mutunga gifted the area around the Hutt River delta and Lowry Bay to the Ngamotu people From this time Waikato Tainui claimed mana whenua over this part of Taranaki Te Heke Paukena and the Kuititanga Battle A fourth migration from Taranaki also took place in 1834 after a battle with Ngati Toa This preceded the breakdown of relations between tribal settlements on the Kapiti Coast and in 1835 Ngati Mutunga and sections of Ngati Tama transferred control of their lands to Te Ati Awa and other Taranaki tribes when they went to invade the Chatham islands to attack the Moriori In 1839 Ngati Raukawa who were fairly recent arrivals to the Wellington region attacked Te Ati Awa settlements along Wellington Harbour with support from Ngati Toa Arrival of European settlers Edit In that same year newly arrived English settlers brought increased demand for land around the Wellington area The New Zealand Company initially bought some land from local Maori tribes some of these land purchases would later come into dispute A later practice saw deeds obtained from local Maori tribes allowing for the reservation of one tenth of land for Maori use or in exchange for land elsewhere European settlements began to encroach on ancestral Taranaki lands in 1841 This led to a migration of some Wellington Te Ati Awa back to Taranaki in 1848 led by Wiremu Kingi Te Rangitake who opposed the sale of tribal lands to European settlers Conflicts over land sales arose between various sub tribes and with European settlers In 1860 Kingi refused an ultimatum from Crown troops to vacate his land after it was offered to the Crown by another chief Such action led to the first shots of the New Zealand Wars New Zealand Wars Edit Main article First Taranaki War Te Ati Awa in Taranaki received widespread support from other Maori including warriors from the Maori King Movement in their battle with the Crown but after a strong year of fighting were ultimately defeated due to the Crown being able to bring in fighters from Australia Under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 and the Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863 two Acts which the Crown enacted only directly after the war Te Ati Awa were branded rebels and the Crown confiscated almost 485 000 hectares 1 200 000 acres of Te Ati Awa land in Taranaki This severely undermined the political and social structures of the iwi and revealed the deceptive nature of the oppressive Crown colonial entities To this day Te Ati Awa have not had their land returned 2 3 At least 12 members of Te Ati Awa died during the First Taranaki War 4 Government redress Edit The 20th century saw several attempts by the New Zealand Government to redress past actions towards Te Ati Awa This included recommendations for a settlement monetary sum a figure was eventually reached by the Government but without consultation with Taranaki tribes The Taranaki Maori Claims Act of 1944 also indicated an early full settlement between the Crown and local tribes but this was disputed by various Taranaki iwi The Waitangi Tribunal reported on Taranaki claims in 1996 5 Taranaki claims Edit Te Ati Awa in Taranaki and the Crown signed a Heads of Agreement in 1999 6 which sets out a broad agreement in anticipation of developing a formal legally binding Deed of Settlement The Heads of Agreement indicates a public apology for land confiscations in Taranaki recognition of cultural associations with sacred geographical landmarks and land areas restoration of tribal access to traditional food gathering areas monetary compensation totalling NZ 34 million and commercial redress for economic loss due to land confiscation The Agreement covers claims made by Te Ati Awa in Taranaki In 2004 the New Plymouth District Council resolved to sell 146 ha of land at Waitara to the Crown on condition that it was used in settlement of Te Atiawa claims under the Treaty of Waitangi Leaseholders mounted unsuccessful legal opposition in 2008 and 2011 7 Wellington claims Edit In 1977 the Wellington Tenths Trust was established representing Te Ati Awa land owners in Wellington The Trust lodged claims with the Waitangi Tribunal over disputed land ownership purchases from 1839 and the Tribunal issued its findings on these claims in 2003 8 along with those of other iwi in the Wellington region The Crown and Taranaki Whanui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika a collective that comprises people from Te Ati Awa and other Taranaki iwi whose ancestors migrated to Wellington signed a Deed of Settlement in 2008 which settled those claims 9 Te Ati Awa today EditTe Ati Awa in Taranaki and Wellington maintain strong connections with each other close ties are also maintained with distantly related Ngati Awa As an iwi Te Ati Awa continue to seek redress for past injustices Organisations are established in Taranaki and Wellington that represent the political and economic interests of the iwi Atiawa Toa FM is the official radio station of Te Atiawa and Ngati Toa in the lower North Island It began as Atiawa FM in 1993 broadcasting to Te Atiawa in the Hutt Valley and Wellington It changed its name in Atiawa Toa FM in mid 1997 expanding its reach to Ngati Toa in Porirua and Kapiti Coast The station is based in Lower Hutt and is available on 96 9 FM in Hutt Valley and Wellington and on 94 9 FM in Porirua 10 11 Te Korimako O Taranaki is the radio station of Te Atiawa in Taranaki It is also affiliated with other Taranaki region iwi including Ngati Tama Ngati Mutunga Ngati Maru Taranaki Ngaruahine Ngati Ruanui Ngaa Rauru Kiitahi It started at the Bell Block campus of Taranaki Polytechnic in 1992 and moved to the Spotswood campus in 1993 12 It is available on 94 8 FM across Taranaki 10 Notable Te Ati Awa EditMain category Te Ati Awa people Leo Bertos Rachel Buchanan William Carran Jacob Ellison Riki Ellison Rhett Ellison Thomas Ellison Tamati Ellison Tohu Kakahi Wiremu Kingi Christine Harvey Sir Ngatata Love Sir Ralph Love Kayla McAlister Luke McAlister Leonie Pihama Sir Paul Reeves Curtis Rona Te Whiti o Rongomai Rangikotuku Rukuwai Ngaraiti Rukuwai nee Pratt Howie Tamati Kevin Tamati Hana Te Hemara Kahe Te Rau o te rangiSee also EditList of Maori iwiReferences Edit 2013 Census iwi individual profiles Te Atiawa Taranaki www stats govt nz Stats NZ Retrieved 12 June 2017 Land wars over Pekapeka block Puke Ariki Te Atiawa Summary of Settlement Office of Treaty Settlements Prickett Nigel 2005 MAORI CASUALTIES OF THE FIRST TARANAKI WAR 1860 61 Records of the Auckland Museum 42 81 124 ISSN 1174 9202 The Taranaki Report Kaupapa Tuatahi Wellington Waitangi Tribunal 1996 Heads of Agreement between the Crown and Te Atiawa New Zealand Government Executive 1999 12 01 Retrieved 2008 09 25 Court of Appeal Dismisses Waitara Leaseholder s Claim Press release New Plymouth District Council 24 August 2011 Te Whanganui a Tara me ona Takiwa Report on the Wellington District Wellington Waitangi Tribunal 2003 Taranaki Whanui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika Settlement Summary Office of Treaty Settlements 2008 08 19 Retrieved 2008 09 25 a b Iwi Radio Coverage PDF maorimedia co nz Maori Media Network 2007 Retrieved 14 June 2015 Wellington Welcome to the Radio Vault New Zealand The Radio Vault 23 July 2009 Archived from the original on 24 January 2010 Retrieved 12 June 2015 Te Korimako O Taranaki Finda Yellow Group Retrieved 14 June 2015 Other sources Edit Adds Peter 2006 09 26 Te Ati Awa of Taranaki Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Retrieved 2010 01 15 Love Morris 2006 12 21 Te Ati Awa of Wellington Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Retrieved 2010 01 15 External links EditTe Atiawa website Te Atiawa Trust Board Te Runanga o Ati Awa ki Whakarongotai Inc Te Runanganui o Taranaki Whanui Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Te Ati Awa amp oldid 1159736893, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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