The Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (abbreviatedNICA; Dutch: Nederlandsch-Indische Civiele Administratie) was a semi-military organisation, established April 1944, tasked with the restoration of civil administration and law of Dutch colonial rule after the capitulation of the Japanese occupational forces in the Netherlands East Indies (present-day Indonesia) after World War II.[1]
Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
Nederlandsch-Indische Civiele Administratie
Troops of the NICA observing a football match, December 1947
In January 1946 the name was changed to Allied Military Administration-Civil Affairs Branch (AMACAB). After the British departure from the Indonesian arena and the disbandment of the SEAC in June 1946, the name was changed into Tijdelijke Bestuursdienst (Temporary Administrative Service).
Residents of Juata village reporting to the NICA at Tarakan, after their evacuation during the Battle of Tarakan against the Japanese, May 9, 1945.
The NICA was established on April 3, 1944, in Australia and operated as a link between the Netherlands East Indies Government in exile and the Allied high command in the command area of the Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA). Based in (Camp Colombia) Brisbane it originally reported into the Allied command structure. Early 1944 Dutch Lieutenant-Governor-General H.J. Van Mook and U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, supreme commander SWPA, agreed that areas of the Dutch East Indies recaptured by allied (i.e. US) troops will be put under civil administration of the NICA. Due to political procrastination by the U.S. State Department, it was December 10, 1944 before the Van Mook-MacArthur Civil Affairs Agreement was officially signed.[1]
Early activity
NICA troops dancing at the celebration of the second anniversary of the founding of their unit, 1947.
Still in April 1944, the first NICA detachments went ashore at Hollandia (New Guinea). NICA staff consisted of Dutch, Indo (Eurasian) and indigenous Indonesian military or militarized personnel that wore uniforms. The general management was in the hands of Colonel C. Giebel who had the rank of Staff Officer NICA (SONICA). Each detachment was headed by a Commanding Officer NICA (CONICA) responsible for local government. Before the capitulation of Japan NICA units already established civil administration in New Guinea (i.e. Hollandia, Biak and Manokwari, Numfur), the Moluccas (Morotai) and Borneo (Tarakan and Balikpapan).[1]
U.S. support and supplies to the NICA virtually ended when it became clear that after August 15, 1945, military command was transferred from the American SWPA to the British SEAC. The 250 NICA detachments planned for Java were halted. The reoccupation of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok became a British responsibility. While the rest of the islands became an Australian responsibility. On 24 August, the Dutch signed the new British Civil Affairs Investment Agreement with Lord Mountbatten's South East Asia Command (SEAC).[1]
In September 1945, the first NICA representatives arrived in Batavia. Because the Republic of Indonesia strongly reacted to the arrival of the NICA staff and its name (Netherlands Indies) in January 1946 the name was changed to AMACAB(Allied Military Administration-Civil Affairs Branch).[1] After the British departure from the Indonesian arena and the disbandment of the SEAC in June 1946, the name was changed into Tijdelijke Bestuursdienst (Temporary Administrative Service).
Commanders
NICA's highest commander was the Dutch acting Lt.Governor-General Hubertus Johannes van Mook (Semarang, 1894 – L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, 1965). His most senior adviser (1944) and second in command (1947) was the Javanese nobleman Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo (Salatiga, 1904 - The Hague, 1992). A graduate from Leiden University and a prodigy of Professor Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje. Before the war he was a senior diplomat in both Jeddah and Mecca. In his roles for NICA he was also appointed colonel in the KNIL and the resident of the Moluccas. In 1946 he became the general secretary of state of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia. In 1947 he was acting Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies and chairman of the Dutch delegation to the United Nations.[2]
Touwen-Bouwsma, Elly; Groen, Petra M. H., eds. (1996). Tussen Banzai en Bersiap. De afwikkeling van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederlands-Indië [Between Banzai and Bersiap: The Completion of the Second World War in the Netherlands Indies] (in Dutch). The Hague: SDU. ISBN978-9012082518.
Zijlmans, G.C. (1985). Eindstrijd en ondergang van de Indische bestuursdienst. Het corps binnenlands bestuur op Java 1945-1950. Amsterdam. ISBN9789067070713.
Bussemaker, H. Th. (2005). Bersiap. Opstand in het Paradijs (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN9789057309014.
Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300. Stanford University Press. p. 99. ISBN9780804721943.
Cheong, Yong Mun (1982). H.J. Van Mook and Indonesian Independence: A Study of His Role in Dutch-Indonesian Relations, 1945-48. The Hague: Nijhoff. ISBN9789024791415.
External links
NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) online dictionary. Retrieved July 2012. November 2015.
NICA issued stamps. Dai Nippon. Retrieved July 2012. April 2014.
February 22, 2023
netherlands, indies, civil, administration, abbreviated, nica, dutch, nederlandsch, indische, civiele, administratie, semi, military, organisation, established, april, 1944, tasked, with, restoration, civil, administration, dutch, colonial, rule, after, capitu. The Netherlands Indies Civil Administration abbreviated NICA Dutch Nederlandsch Indische Civiele Administratie was a semi military organisation established April 1944 tasked with the restoration of civil administration and law of Dutch colonial rule after the capitulation of the Japanese occupational forces in the Netherlands East Indies present day Indonesia after World War II 1 Netherlands Indies Civil AdministrationNederlandsch Indische Civiele AdministratieTroops of the NICA observing a football match December 1947LeadersHubertus Johannes van MookRaden Abdulkadir WidjojoatmodjoDates of operation1944 1947Allegiance The Netherlands Dutch East IndiesActive regionsIndonesian ArchipelagoStatusSemi militaryAlliesRoyal Netherlands East Indies ArmyOpponents IndonesiaBattles and warsIndonesian National RevolutionIn January 1946 the name was changed to Allied Military Administration Civil Affairs Branch AMACAB After the British departure from the Indonesian arena and the disbandment of the SEAC in June 1946 the name was changed into Tijdelijke Bestuursdienst Temporary Administrative Service Contents 1 Foundation 2 Early activity 3 Commanders 4 References 4 1 Notes and citations 4 2 Bibliography 5 External linksFoundation Edit Residents of Juata village reporting to the NICA at Tarakan after their evacuation during the Battle of Tarakan against the Japanese May 9 1945 The NICA was established on April 3 1944 in Australia and operated as a link between the Netherlands East Indies Government in exile and the Allied high command in the command area of the Southwest Pacific Area SWPA Based in Camp Colombia Brisbane it originally reported into the Allied command structure Early 1944 Dutch Lieutenant Governor General H J Van Mook and U S General Douglas MacArthur supreme commander SWPA agreed that areas of the Dutch East Indies recaptured by allied i e US troops will be put under civil administration of the NICA Due to political procrastination by the U S State Department it was December 10 1944 before the Van Mook MacArthur Civil Affairs Agreement was officially signed 1 Early activity Edit NICA troops dancing at the celebration of the second anniversary of the founding of their unit 1947 Still in April 1944 the first NICA detachments went ashore at Hollandia New Guinea NICA staff consisted of Dutch Indo Eurasian and indigenous Indonesian military or militarized personnel that wore uniforms The general management was in the hands of Colonel C Giebel who had the rank of Staff Officer NICA SONICA Each detachment was headed by a Commanding Officer NICA CONICA responsible for local government Before the capitulation of Japan NICA units already established civil administration in New Guinea i e Hollandia Biak and Manokwari Numfur the Moluccas Morotai and Borneo Tarakan and Balikpapan 1 U S support and supplies to the NICA virtually ended when it became clear that after August 15 1945 military command was transferred from the American SWPA to the British SEAC The 250 NICA detachments planned for Java were halted The reoccupation of Sumatra Java Bali and Lombok became a British responsibility While the rest of the islands became an Australian responsibility On 24 August the Dutch signed the new British Civil Affairs Investment Agreement with Lord Mountbatten s South East Asia Command SEAC 1 In September 1945 the first NICA representatives arrived in Batavia Because the Republic of Indonesia strongly reacted to the arrival of the NICA staff and its name Netherlands Indies in January 1946 the name was changed to AMACAB Allied Military Administration Civil Affairs Branch 1 After the British departure from the Indonesian arena and the disbandment of the SEAC in June 1946 the name was changed into Tijdelijke Bestuursdienst Temporary Administrative Service Commanders EditNICA s highest commander was the Dutch acting Lt Governor General Hubertus Johannes van Mook Semarang 1894 L Isle sur la Sorgue 1965 His most senior adviser 1944 and second in command 1947 was the Javanese nobleman Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo Salatiga 1904 The Hague 1992 A graduate from Leiden University and a prodigy of Professor Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje Before the war he was a senior diplomat in both Jeddah and Mecca In his roles for NICA he was also appointed colonel in the KNIL and the resident of the Moluccas In 1946 he became the general secretary of state of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia In 1947 he was acting Governor General of the Netherlands East Indies and chairman of the Dutch delegation to the United Nations 2 Hubertus Johannes van Mook Raden Abdulkadir WidjojoatmodjoReferences EditNotes and citations Edit a b c d e NICA Netherlands Indies Civil Administration Nationaal Archief Dutch Wikipedia Bibliography Edit Touwen Bouwsma Elly Groen Petra M H eds 1996 Tussen Banzai en Bersiap De afwikkeling van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederlands Indie Between Banzai and Bersiap The Completion of the Second World War in the Netherlands Indies in Dutch The Hague SDU ISBN 978 9012082518 Zijlmans G C 1985 Eindstrijd en ondergang van de Indische bestuursdienst Het corps binnenlands bestuur op Java 1945 1950 Amsterdam ISBN 9789067070713 Bussemaker H Th 2005 Bersiap Opstand in het Paradijs in Dutch Zutphen Walburg Pers ISBN 9789057309014 Ricklefs Merle Calvin 2001 A History of Modern Indonesia Since c 1300 Stanford University Press p 99 ISBN 9780804721943 Cheong Yong Mun 1982 H J Van Mook and Indonesian Independence A Study of His Role in Dutch Indonesian Relations 1945 48 The Hague Nijhoff ISBN 9789024791415 External links EditNICA Netherlands Indies Civil Administration online dictionary Retrieved July 2012 Archived November 2015 NICA issued stamps Dai Nippon Retrieved July 2012 Archived April 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Netherlands Indies Civil Administration amp oldid 1123427497, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
