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Nepenthes bongso

December 08, 2023

Nepenthes bongso /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈbɒŋsoʊ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m above sea level.[10][11] The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu (literally "youngest daughter"), the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi.[10]

Nepenthes bongso
A freshly opened lower pitcher
An upper pitcher of a variant sometimes distinguished as N. carunculata, from a minor peak near Solok, West Sumatra
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. bongso
Binomial name
Nepenthes bongso
Korth. (1839)[2]
Distribution of N. bongso
Synonyms

The species was formally described by Pieter Willem Korthals in his 1839 monograph, "Over het geslacht Nepenthes".[2]

Nepenthes carunculata[note a] is considered a heterotypic synonym of N. bongso by most authorities.[8][9][10][12] The infraspecific taxon Nepenthes carunculata var. robusta was described in 1994 by Joachim Nerz and Andreas Wistuba.[13] It is an extreme variety of this taxon with a large, flared peristome.[13]

In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N. junghuhnii (sensu Macfarlane) as a possible synonym of N. bongso.[14]

Related species edit

Morphological differences between N. bongso, N. dubia, N. talangensis and N. tenuis (Nerz & Wistuba, 1994)[13]
Character N. bongso N. dubia N. talangensis N. tenuis
Shape of upper pitchers tubulate - infundibulate tubulous in the lower part, infundibulate above the middle tubulous to narrow infundibuliform in the lower half, ovate in the upper half wide infundibulate, contracted below the mouth
Lid orbiculate narrow cuneate broad-ovate very narrow elliptical
Length/width ratio of upper pitchers 3.3 1.9 2.3 1.75
  •  

    A typical lower pitcher of N. bongso

  •  

    Lower pitchers (developing, open, and dried)

  •  

    Lower pitchers of N. carunculata, which is often treated as a synonym

Natural hybrids edit

The following natural hybrids involving N. bongso have been recorded.

In his 1928 monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", B. H. Danser mentioned what he thought was the hybrid N. bongso × N. pectinata;[5] however, this plant material is now known to represent N. densiflora,[10] a species described by Danser 12 years later.[15]

Notes edit

a.^ Nepenthes carunculata is pronounced /nɪˈpɛnθiːz kəˌrʌŋkjʊˈlɑːtə/. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word caruncula, a diminutive of caro (flesh), and refers to the fleshy seed appendages of this taxon.

References edit

  1. ^ Clarke, C.M. (2018). "Nepenthes bongso". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T39625A143957450. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T39625A143957450.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b (in Dutch) Korthals, P.W. 1839. Over het geslacht Nepenthes. In: C.J. Temminck 1839–1842. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen; Kruidkunde. Leiden. pp. 1–44, t. 1–4, 13–15, 20–22.
  3. ^ a b (in Indonesian) Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.) Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers. Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp. 75–109.
  4. ^ Ridley, H.N. 1908. Nepenthaceæ. [p. 320] In: On a collection of plants made by H. C. Robinson and L. Wray from Gunong Tahan, Pahang. The Journal of the Linnean Society: Botany 38(266): 301–336. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1908.tb02454.x
  5. ^ a b Danser, B.H. 1928. 5. Nepenthes Bongso KORTH.. In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  6. ^ Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
  7. ^ Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. A real nice trip to Southeast Asia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 19–28.
  8. ^ a b Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
  9. ^ a b Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  11. ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  12. ^ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  13. ^ a b c Nerz, J. & A. Wistuba 1994. Five new taxa of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North and West Sumatra 2011-08-05 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23(4): 101–114.
  14. ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes junghuhnii. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  15. ^ Danser, B.H. 1940. A new Nepenthes from Sumatra. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 16: 268–271.

Further reading edit

  • Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
  • (in Latin) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
  • Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
  • Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  • Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
  • Kato, M., M. Hotta, R. Tamin & T. Itino 1993. Inter- and intra-specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in Nepenthes pitchers in Sumatra. Tropical Zoology 6(1): 11–25. Abstract
  • Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
  • Macfarlane, J.M. 1914. Family XCVI. Nepenthaceæ. [pp. 279–288] In: J.S. Gamble. Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 24. Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 75(3): 279–391.
  • (in Indonesian) Mansur, M. 2001. In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
  • Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
  • (in German) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
  • Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
  • (in Indonesian) Puspitaningtyas, D.M. & H. Wawangningrum 2007. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Suaka Alam Sulasih Talang - Sumatera Barat. [Nepenthes diversity in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve - West Sumatra.] Biodiversitas 8(2): 152–156. Cover
  • Redwood, G.N. & J.C. Bowling 1990. Micropropagation of Nepenthes species. Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News 1(2): 19–20.
  • Ridley, H.N. 1915. Nepenthaceæ. [pp. 168–169] In: XIII. The botany of Gunong Tahan, Pahang. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 6: 127–202.
  • Shivas, R.G. 1984. Three Nepenthes from the Padang Highlands. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 13(1): 10–15.
  • (in Indonesian) Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994. Project report, Andalas University, Padang.
  • (in Indonesian) Syamsuardi 1995. [Numerical classification of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in West Sumatra.] Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4(1): 48–57.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nepenthes bongso.
  • Photographs of N. bongso at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder


December 08, 2023
nepenthes, bongso, tropical, pitcher, plant, endemic, sumatra, where, altitudinal, distribution, 1000, 2700, above, level, specific, epithet, bongso, refers, indonesian, legend, putri, bungsu, literally, youngest, daughter, spirit, guardian, mount, marapi, fre. Nepenthes bongso n ɪ ˈ p ɛ n 8 iː z ˈ b ɒ ŋ s oʊ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000 2700 m above sea level 10 11 The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu literally youngest daughter the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi 10 Nepenthes bongsoA freshly opened lower pitcherAn upper pitcher of a variant sometimes distinguished as N carunculata from a minor peak near Solok West SumatraConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily NepenthaceaeGenus NepenthesSpecies N bongsoBinomial nameNepenthes bongsoKorth 1839 2 Distribution of N bongsoSynonymsSynonyms Nepenthes carunculataDanser 1928 Nepenthes carunculata var robustaNerz amp Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes singalanaauct non Becc Tamin amp M Hotta in M Hotta 1986 3 N bongso N densiflora N gymnamphora N lavicola N singalana N spathulata Heterochresonyms Nepenthes bongsoauct non Korth Ridl 1908 4 N alba Nepenthes bongsoauct non Korth Guillaum 1911 N vieillardii Nepenthes bongsoauct non Korth Danser 1928 5 Sh Kurata 1973 6 N bongso N ovata N talangensis Nepenthes bongsoauct non Korth Tamin amp M Hotta in M Hotta 1986 3 N bongso N dubia N inermis Nepenthes bongsoauct non Korth Hopkins Maulder amp B R Salmon 1990 7 N talangensis Nepenthes bongsoauct non Korth Jebb amp Cheek 1997 8 Cheek amp Jebb 2001 9 N bongso N talangensis The species was formally described by Pieter Willem Korthals in his 1839 monograph Over het geslacht Nepenthes 2 Nepenthes carunculata note a is considered a heterotypic synonym of N bongso by most authorities 8 9 10 12 The infraspecific taxon Nepenthes carunculata var robusta was described in 1994 by Joachim Nerz and Andreas Wistuba 13 It is an extreme variety of this taxon with a large flared peristome 13 In his Carnivorous Plant Database taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N junghuhnii sensu Macfarlane as a possible synonym of N bongso 14 Contents 1 Related species 2 Natural hybrids 3 Notes 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksRelated species editMorphological differences between N bongso N dubia N talangensis and N tenuis Nerz amp Wistuba 1994 13 Character N bongso N dubia N talangensis N tenuisShape of upper pitchers tubulate infundibulate tubulous in the lower part infundibulate above the middle tubulous to narrow infundibuliform in the lower half ovate in the upper half wide infundibulate contracted below the mouthLid orbiculate narrow cuneate broad ovate very narrow ellipticalLength width ratio of upper pitchers 3 3 1 9 2 3 1 75 nbsp A typical lower pitcher of N bongso nbsp Lower pitchers developing open and dried nbsp Lower pitchers of N carunculata which is often treated as a synonymNatural hybrids editThe following natural hybrids involving N bongso have been recorded N bongso N gymnamphora 10 N bongso N singalana 10 N bongso N talangensis 10 In his 1928 monograph The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies B H Danser mentioned what he thought was the hybrid N bongso N pectinata 5 however this plant material is now known to represent N densiflora 10 a species described by Danser 12 years later 15 Notes edita Nepenthes carunculata is pronounced n ɪ ˈ p ɛ n 8 iː z k e ˌ r ʌ ŋ k j ʊ ˈ l ɑː t e The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word caruncula a diminutive of caro flesh and refers to the fleshy seed appendages of this taxon References edit Clarke C M 2018 Nepenthes bongso IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T39625A143957450 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 1 RLTS T39625A143957450 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b in Dutch Korthals P W 1839 Over het geslacht Nepenthes In C J Temminck 1839 1842 Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen Kruidkunde Leiden pp 1 44 t 1 4 13 15 20 22 a b in Indonesian Tamin R amp M Hotta 1986 Nepenthes di Sumatera The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island In M Hotta ed Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments Part 1 Reports and Collection of Papers Kyoto University Kyoto pp 75 109 Ridley H N 1908 Nepenthaceae p 320 In On a collection of plants made by H C Robinson and L Wray from Gunong Tahan Pahang The Journal of the Linnean Society Botany 38 266 301 336 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1908 tb02454 x a b Danser B H 1928 5 Nepenthes Bongso KORTH In The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Serie III 9 3 4 249 438 Kurata S 1973 Nepenthes from Borneo Singapore and Sumatra The Gardens Bulletin Singapore 26 2 227 232 Hopkins M R Maulder amp B R Salmon 1990 A real nice trip to Southeast Asia Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19 1 2 19 28 a b Jebb M H P amp M R Cheek 1997 A skeletal revision of Nepenthes Nepenthaceae Blumea 42 1 1 106 a b Cheek M R amp M H P Jebb 2001 Nepenthaceae Flora Malesiana 15 1 157 a b c d e f g Clarke C M 2001 Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia Natural History Publications Borneo Kota Kinabalu McPherson S R amp A Robinson 2012 Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java Redfern Natural History Productions Poole McPherson S R 2009 Pitcher Plants of the Old World 2 volumes Redfern Natural History Productions Poole a b c Nerz J amp A Wistuba 1994 Five new taxa of Nepenthes Nepenthaceae from North and West Sumatra Archived 2011 08 05 at the Wayback Machine Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23 4 101 114 Schlauer J N d Nepenthes junghuhnii Carnivorous Plant Database Danser B H 1940 A new Nepenthes from Sumatra Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Serie III 16 268 271 Further reading editBauer U C J Clemente T Renner amp W Federle 2012 Form follows function morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25 1 90 102 doi 10 1111 j 1420 9101 2011 02406 x in Latin Blume C L 1852 Ord Nepenthaceae In Museum Botanicum Lugduno Batavum sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio Tom II Nr 1 E J Brill Lugduni Batavorum pp 5 10 Clarke C M 2006 Introduction In Danser B H The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies Natural History Publications Borneo Kota Kinabalu pp 1 15 Clarke C amp C C Lee 2012 A revision of Nepenthes Nepenthaceae from Gunung Tahan Peninsular Malaysia Gardens Bulletin Singapore 64 1 33 49 Hernawati amp P Akhriadi 2006 A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra PILI NGO Movement Bogor Kato M M Hotta R Tamin amp T Itino 1993 Inter and intra specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in Nepenthes pitchers in Sumatra Tropical Zoology 6 1 11 25 Abstract Kurata S 1973 Nepenthes from Borneo Singapore and Sumatra The Gardens Bulletin Singapore 26 2 227 232 Macfarlane J M 1914 Family XCVI Nepenthaceae pp 279 288 In J S Gamble Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula No 24 Journal amp Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 75 3 279 391 in Indonesian Mansur M 2001 Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias In Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia Bogor pp 244 253 Meimberg H A Wistuba P Dittrich amp G Heubl 2001 Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data Plant Biology 3 2 164 175 doi 10 1055 s 2001 12897 in German Meimberg H 2002 Molekular systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s l Ph D thesis Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Meimberg H amp G Heubl 2006 Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae Plant Biology 8 6 831 840 doi 10 1055 s 2006 924676 in Indonesian Puspitaningtyas D M amp H Wawangningrum 2007 Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Suaka Alam Sulasih Talang Sumatera Barat Nepenthes diversity in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve West Sumatra Biodiversitas 8 2 152 156 Cover Redwood G N amp J C Bowling 1990 Micropropagation of Nepenthes species Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News 1 2 19 20 Ridley H N 1915 Nepenthaceae pp 168 169 In XIII The botany of Gunong Tahan Pahang Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 6 127 202 Shivas R G 1984 Three Nepenthes from the Padang Highlands Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 13 1 10 15 in Indonesian Syamsuardi amp R Tamin 1994 Kajian kekerabatan jenis jenis Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat Project report Andalas University Padang Abstract in Indonesian Syamsuardi 1995 Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat Numerical classification of pitcher plants Nepenthes in West Sumatra Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4 1 48 57 AbstractExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nepenthes bongso Photographs of N bongso at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nepenthes bongso amp oldid 1118574523, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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