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Naval Base Eniwetok

October 27, 2023

Naval Base Eniwetok was a major United States Navy base located at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands, during World War II. The base was built to support the island-hopping strategy used by allied nations fighting the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War. During 1944-5 Eniwetok was one of the busiest naval bases in the world with over 488 ships.[1]

Naval Base Eniwetak
Eniwetak Atoll
 United States Navy
1944–1948
Naval Base Eniwetak
Geography
LocationNorth Pacific
Coordinates11°30′N 162°20′E / 11.500°N 162.333°E / 11.500; 162.333
ArchipelagoRalik
Total islands40
Area5.85 km2 (2.26 sq mi)
Marshall Islands on the globe in the Pacific Ocean
Marshall Islands map
Naval Base Eniwetok HQ 1945

History edit

Enewetak (also spelled Eniwetok) Atoll is a large coral atoll with a lagoon circled by 40 islands in a 80 kilometres (50 mi) circumference. The islands have less than 5.85 square kilometres (2.26 sq mi) of land only a few feet above sea level. The deep lagoon in the atoll offers excellent fleet anchorage for the largest ships. The lagoon has only three entrances, providing excellent control and protection.[2] After World War I Eniwetok became part of Japan under the South Seas Mandate. In November 1942 the Empire of Japan built an airfield on Enewetak Atoll's Engebi Island, to refuel and support planes at Truk. In the United States' Marshall Islands campaign the US took control of the Marshall Islands, the Imperial Japanese Army sent the 1st Amphibious Brigade with 2,586 men to defend the base on Engebi Island and Parry Island. In the Battle of Eniwetok the US took Eniwetok starting on 17 February 1944 and ending 23 February. The action took place on three islands: Engebi, Parry and Eniwetok, by the US 22nd Marines and the Army's 106th Infantry. Medical dispensaries were built on each of the main islands: Eniwetok, Engebi, and Parry islands, with a total of 200 beds.[3]

Engebi Airfield edit

On Engebi Island was a runway built by Japan. The US Army 47th Engineers repaired and improved the runway starting February 1944 and completing 10 March. The Engebi Airfield was named Wrigley Airfield. Four fighter squadrons used the 3,950-foot by 225-foot runway. At the airbase were an engine-overhaul shop and a 146,000 gallons aviation-gasoline tank farm. The Army had the 41st Bomber Group and 396th Bomber Squadron flying B-25.[4] Marine Aircraft Group 31 and VMF-113 also used the Engebi Airfield, flying Vought F4U Corsair. In September 1944 Charles Lindbergh visited Engebi Airfield and United States Marine Corps flew the Corsairs. Charles Lindbergh helped improve the maximum ordnance load of the Corsairs. By June 1944, the major projects on Engebi had been completed and Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 594, CBMU 594, took over. Engebi Island was given the code name Janet and is at 11°39′46″N 162°14′24″E / 11.662887°N 162.240124°E / 11.662887; 162.240124. The airfield was abandoned at the end the war.[5][6][7]

Eniwetok Island edit

Main article: Eniwetok Airfield

US Navy Seabees with the 110th Naval Construction Battalion arrived at Eniwetok starting 21 February 1944. The Seabee's first task was clearing the runway of battle damage and repairing the runway to be a bomber airbase for the United States Army Air Forces. The completed runway, Stickell Field, was 6,800-by-400-foot (2,070 by 120 m) wide on Eniwetok Island. The first plane landed on 11 March, and the first attack mission was carried out on 5 April. Seabee built air facilities that included a major engine overhaul depot, and barracks for Army aviation personnel with quonset huts. The most common bombers were Consolidated B-24 Liberator and North American B-25 Mitchell.

The US Navy also used Stickell Field, with unit VD-3 flying PB4Y, Navy Liberator. The Navy had stationed at base unit VB-109, VD-4 and VPB-109 flying Lockheed Ventura Harpoon-PV-1 and Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer. Stickell Field is named after Lt. John H. Stickell, a US Navy and former RAF pilot. John H. Stickell was killed in 1944 in action against the Jaluit Atoll.

Seabees built a large tank farm with twelve 1,000-barrel tanks to fuel the bombers with aviation gasoline at Stickell Field. Tankers in the lagoon could refill the tanks by a floating pipeline that was 1,200 feet long at a tanker mooring. The tank farm was completed by May 1944. It was partly damaged when a Landing craft tank, LCT(5)-315, had an explosion on 23 March 1944.[8]

Seabees also built two (80-foot and 150-foot) coral-fill piers out into the lagoon on Eniwetok Island for unloading supplies. They also built tow beach ramps for unloading LCTs. In addition Seabees built two berths that were used for ships to dock and do anti-aircraft target practice. For the target practice the airbase would provide towed target and also had drone planes tow targets for safety.[9]

3,500 troops were stationed on Eniwetok Island in 1944. Naval Base Eniwetok Fleet Post Office Box# was 3237. Eniwetok Island was given the code name Fred at 11°20′21″N 162°19′21″E / 11.339243°N 162.322457°E / 11.339243; 162.322457. After the war, the runway became Enewetak Auxiliary Airfield, now an emergency landing runway.[4][7] Hal Kanter built and ran Armed Forces Radio Service radio station on Naval Base Eniwetok.

Bob Hope edit

In 1944 Bob Hope put on a Bob Hope Show on Eniwetok Island. In the USO military tour there were still wrecked planes and equipment in the background. Hope had Jerry Colona and Frances Langford sing on stage. Patty Thomas danced and musician guitarist Tony Romano played. Hope called his 1944 tour of the South Pacific: "Loew’s Malaria Circuit" and "the Pineapple Circuit". Hope did 150 shows in the two months they were on the 1944 road trip. Hope's 1944 show visited Naval Base Pearl Harbor Hawaii at the Nimitz Bowl, Eniwetok, Naval Base Cairns, Green Islands, Bougainville, Milner Bay, Naval Base Treasury Islands, Naval Base Mios Woendi called Wendy Island, and Naval Base Kwajalein.[10][11]

Parry Island edit

Main article: Parry Island seaplane base

Troops at sea on ships and boats need R&R, so in June 1945, the 67th Naval Construction Battalion arrived and built a 35,000-man recreation center on Parry Island. Parry Island had mark off swimming beaches. At the recreation center in the atoll, the Navy had an ice cream barge that could make up to 500 gallons of ice cream for the troops in 8 hours. The ice cream barge also would make fresh bread products. The base officer's club was built on Parry Island. The base printed a bulletin newspaper to keep the Troops up-to-date at the base. After completion, the Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 608 (CBMU 608) took over the day-to-day operation and Maintenance of the center.[12] Naval Base Eniwetok was part of the vast Naval Base Marshall Islands.[1] On Parry Island the 110th Battalion Seabees repaired and improved the Parry Island Seaplane Base captured from Japanese forces. Parry Island is also known as: Medren, Elmer, Igem, Heartstrings, and Overbuilt at 11°24′05″N 162°22′12″E / 11.401322°N 162.370072°E / 11.401322; 162.370072.[4][7]

Smaller Islands edit

The local inhabitants, Micronesians, at Eniwetok were restricted to the smaller islands of Biijiri, Aomen, and the Rojoa complex. Aomen (Aranit, Ulie) codename was Sally. Biijiri, Bijire codename was Tilda.[13] One of the small islands, that was away from the base and inhabitants, for safety, was used as an ammunition depot. Seabees of the 126th Battalion built a second fleet recreation center on Runit Island, codename Hawthorne, six weeks later it was crated up and shipped to Naval Base Ulithi. The 126th Battalion also built facilities on Japtan, codename, David. [14][7]

Eniwetok lagoon edit

The deep lagoon the Navy set up fleet anchorage and a major US Naval Advance Base. The USS Cascade (AD-16) became the flagship of Service Squadron 4 and Service Squadron 10. A Service Squadron is a floating Naval Base, with all the support a land base would give. In the Service Squadron were all the supplies and repair depot support the fleet needed. The Service Squadron had: Fleet Oilers (AO), Gasoline Tanker (AOG), Repair Ships (AR), Ammunition ships (AE), Destroyer Tenders (AD), Tugboats, Barges, Seaplane tenders,hospital ship (AH), Net laying ships (AN), barracks ships (APL), Small Auxiliary Floating Dry Docks, stores ship and Submarine tenders (AS). By July 1944 there were about 488 at the base, after a fleet depart there were 283. ships. Seabes built a signal tower at the entrance to the lagoon, that became the Harbor Entrance Control Post (H.E.C.P.), to direct port traffic. The USS Vega (AK-17) was used to assemble floating pontoon barges. Shipping Pontoons flat and unassembled took a lot less space. Outboard engines were added to many barges for moving supplies in the atoll.

As the fighting front moved east and closer to Japan, Service Squadron 10 was too far away from the action. Service Squadron 10 started departing Enewetak Atoll on 4 October 1944 for Naval Base Ulithi arriving on the 15th. Ulithi is 1,538 miles east of Eniwetok. Squadron 10 was moved to Ulithi in four convoys, tugboats returning to move non-self-propelled craft for each trips. Non-self-propelled craft included: APL-14 troopsship, 7 concrete 3,000-ton storage barges, 19 oil/water barges, 17 gasoline barges, 24 500-ton barges with ammunition, freight, spare parts, radio, medical, mail, refrigerated food, etc. The Service Squadron 10 move took two weeks.[15]

Eniwetok repair depot edit

The US Navy set up a large ship and boat repair depot at Naval Base Eniwetok. The repair depot provided the fleet with support to keep ships and subs tactically available in the Pacific War with the repair and supply depot, rather than ships having to return to continental United States. The Navy had built special auxiliary floating drydocks that were able to repair battle damage to even the largest ships and do regular maintenance in the field saving ships trans-pacific travel time for repair. Supply store ships were also at the base with the parts needed to keep the fleet ready. The USS Endymion (ARL-9) was torpedoed and had temporary repairs made at Eniwetok. In September 944 a strong westerly storm hit Eniwetok, damaging many boats and barges and driving high-speed target rafts ashore. The depot worked overtime to repair the damage.[14]

Eniwetok seaplane base edit

 
A Consolidated PBY Catalina seaplane crew
 
Martin PBM-5 Mariner seaplane in flight
 
USS Pocomoke (AV-9) a seaplane tender, the crane at the rear of the ship is used to bring a seaplane on to the deck for repair and serving. The remaining parts of the ship are for the ship's and seaplane crew, also the ship's and seaplane fuel. The ship's stores would have crew's food and spare parts for seaplanes.

The Parry Island seaplane base had only one seaplane ramp and it was not usable at low tide. Most of the seaplane base operations were carried out by seaplane tenders in the lagoon. Seaplanes did reconnaissance patrols and search, also rescue missions for downed aircrew men and survivors of sunk ships. The most common seaplanes at the base were Consolidated PBY Catalina and Martin PBM Mariner. The seaplane base take off and landing was a spot was marked off in the atoll. The seaplanes were supported by a floating base of seaplane tenders. Seaplane tenders had stores to supply: food, fuel, ammo, spare parts. The seaplane tender also had housing and mess halls for the aircrew while the seaplane was being serviced. Aircrew on leave could go to Eniwetok's fleet recreation center. Some seaplane tenders were stationed at Eniwetok seaplane base for months. Other seaplane tenders came to Naval Base Eniwetok to resupply the ship's stores before returning to a US Naval Advance Base. Some came to Eniwetok repair depot to be repaired. Unit base at Eniwetok seaplane base VP-13, VP-16, VP-21, VP-23, VP-MS-6, VP-102, VP-202 VPB-19, and VPB-22.[17] Some seaplane tenders at Naval Base Eniwetok:

Stationed at Eniwetok edit

 
USS Relief (AH-1) hospital ship in 1945

Eniwetok destroyer base edit

 
USS Hamul (AD-20), a destroyer tender, with destroyer escorts during World War II
See also: List of destroyers of the Second World War

Hundreds of US Navy destroyers were used in the Pacific war. Destroyers were used to protect capital ships like aircraft carriers, battleships and heavy cruisers. Destroyers were used to screen and protect convoy of ships. Destroyers were used to hunt submarines and protect amphibious landings at beaches. Destroyers had anti-aircraft guns, radar, and forward-launched ASW weapons, dual-purpose guns, depth charges, and torpedoes.[21][22] Destroyers needed to be restocked with food, fuel, supplies, and weaponss to keep operational. Eniwetok had a large destroyer base, with destroyer tenders. These ships could do minor repair work with major work done at the Eniwetok repair depot.[23]

Eniwetok Submarine Base edit

Many US Navy submarines were used in the Pacific War. The submarine attacked warships and sank supply ships that were needed by Japan to resupply their many bases in the Pacific. US subs also did reconnaissance patrols, landed guerrilla special forces and search and rescue missions for downed aircrew mem.[24] US submarine had long ranges, but needed to be resupplied with fuel, food, torpedoes and deck gun shells. At Naval Base Eniwetok the Navy set up a floating submarine base in the atoll. The submarine tenders: USS Sperry (AS-12) and USS Beaver were stationed in the atoll to supply the submarines. While the submarine was being resupplied, and repaired if needed, crews could have a break (R&R) at the Ulithi's fleet recreation center on Mogmog Island. Some of the subs stationed at the base were: USS Tunny (SS-282), USS Salmon (SS-182), USS Darter (SS-227), USS Spearfish (SS-190), USS Scabbardfish (SS-397), USS Sargo (SS-188), USS Thresher (SS-200), USS Tilefish (SS-307) and USS S-35 (SS-140).[25]

Eniwetok floating hospital edit

Naval Base Eniwetok was used as a major forward Naval hospital. US Navy Hospital ships were stationed Naval Base Eniwetok during parts of the war and some were stationed shortly as they joined staging for upcoming invasions. Hospital ships also were able to resupply and refuel at the base.[26]

Net Laying edit

To protect the many ships at Eniwetok the Navy had anti-torpedo net installed. The ship USS Tuscana (AKN-3) supplied the nets. The ships also installed the moorings at Eniwetok.[27]

Submarine chaser base edit

To help protect the base and shipping around the base, Naval Base Eniwetok had a fleet of submarine chasers. The submarine chasers were supported by a submarine chaser tender ship: the USS Mindanao (ARG-3) was stationed at Eniwetok to support the fleet of submarine chasers and some crash boats. crash boats were fast boats use to rescue downed airmen. Some of the submarine chasers served at Eniwetok : PC-1080, USS PC-1137, USS PC-1142, USS PC-1136, USS PGM-18, USS PC-1138, USS Winnemucca (PC-1145), and USS PC-598.[28][29][30]

Fleet support edit

Naval Base Eniwetok was used for the Admiral Raymond A. Spruance's United States Fifth Fleet anchorage. Ships in the Fifth Fleet were able to resupply, and refuel from Seron Ten, (Service Squadron 10). Resupply included food, freshwater for small crafts, spare parts and ammunition. Troops were able to have liberty leave at the fleet recreation. Eniwetok was used for staging upcoming missions. Eniwetok had a depot, tenders and repair ships for servicing amphibious ships and amphibious crafts in the southern anchorage, later moved to eastern anchorage. Eniwetok was the staging for the Marianas invasion, three hundred vessels supplied before departure. VPB-13 was staged at Eniwetok for weeks before the Guam campaign. Eniwetok also had spare fighter planes and parts for the aircraft carriers. The USS Bowditch (AG-30) had surveyed the lagoon to find the best mooring for large and small ships. USS Bowditch also placed the navigational markers for entrance and path through the atoll. The Fifth Fleet also used Naval Base Majuro and Naval Base Ulithi for resupply. After Naval Base Guam was re-established some of Seron Ten ships departed to support the new base there.[14]

LORAN station edit

The United States Coast Guard built a LORAN (Long Range Navigational Signal) station at Eniwetok in January 1951. The station closed 1978, as in 1978 the Global Positioning System replaced the need for LORAN.[31][32]

Post war edit

Main article: Nuclear tests at Eniwetok

Starting on 14 April 1948 the US did nuclear testing at Eniwetok as part of the Cold War. The series of tests exploded over 30 megatons of TNT. The nuclear testing ended on 18 August 1958. In 1977 construction started on a concrete dome, the Runit Dome, on Runit Island. Under the dome, the US deposited radioactive soil and debris. The construction was completed in 1980.[33][34]

Gallery edit

  •  

    US Naval map from January 1966, with all island names.

  •  

    Burning Japanese aircraft on Engebi airfield 1944

  •  

    US Quonset hut chapel on Eniwetok 1944

  •  

    Construction on Eniwetok, Seabee Bulldozers working on airstrip

  •  

    Seabee made Water trucks with pontoons to water the airstrip at Eniwetok to pack the coral on the airstrip in 1944.

  •  

    Douglas SBD Dauntless with Navy Unit VC-35 over Eniwetok, 18 February 1944

  •  

    155-mm guns on Eniwetok

  •  

    Aerial view of Enewetak and Parry

  •  

    Enewetak Atoll in 2014 from Landsat 8

  •  

    B-17 drone at Eniwetok Airfield in 1948 for Operation Sandstone

  •  

    Operation Sandstone

  •  

    Ivy Mike test, October 31, 1952

  •  

    Operation Greenhouse test

  •  

    Ivy King test, November 1952

  •  

    Test shot Seminole of Operation Redwing, conducted on the coast of the island of Bogon

  •  

    Hardtack Umbrella test

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Eniwetok.

External links edit

  • youtube.com USO Eniwetok Island Bob Hope Troupe
  • youtube.com USO Eniwetok Island Bob Hope Troupe #2
  • youtube.com US soldiers on Enewetak, Marshall Islands after its capture during World War II.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "27". Building the Navy's Bases in World War II: History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps, 1940–1946. United States Government Printing Office. 1947. OCLC 1023942.
  2. ^ Munk, Walter; Day, Deborah (2004). "Ivy-Mike" (PDF). Oceanography. 17 (2): 97–105 [p. 98]. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2004.53.
  3. ^ "Invasion of Eniwetok Atoll, 1944 February 17-22". public2.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  4. ^ a b c PacificWrecks.com. "Pacific Wrecks". pacificwrecks.com. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  5. ^ Crowder, Michael J. (2000). United States Marine Corps Aviation Squadron Lineage, Insignia & History – Volume One – The Fighter Squadrons. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56311-926-9.
  6. ^ "F4U Corsair part 2 | World War Photos". www.worldwarphotos.info. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d "Building the Navy's Bases: Eniwetok Atoll, in the Marshall Islands". www.microworks.net.
  8. ^ "Landing Craft Tank Photo Index". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Hal Kanter Collection". oac.cdlib.org.
  10. ^ "Bob Hope and the Road to GI Joe". www.americainwwii.com.
  11. ^ "American comedian Bob Hope at Eniwetok Island in Pacific Theater HD Stock Footage" – via www.youtube.com.
  12. ^ "Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil". public2.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  13. ^ Operation Redwing Report to the Scientific Director, March 2021
  14. ^ a b c "Seron Ten". U.S. Naval Institute. 1 February 1948.
  15. ^ a b Carter, Worrall; Kimball, Dan; Spruance, Raymond (1953). "19". Beans, Bullet and Black Oil. United States Department of the Navy. OCLC 228675968.
  16. ^ "YRB". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  17. ^ Roberts, Michael D. (2000). Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 2: The History of VP, VPB, VP(H) and VP(AM) Squadrons. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  18. ^ "YSD". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  19. ^ "Tank Landing Ship LST". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  20. ^ "Garbage Lighter YG Photo Index". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  21. ^ Fitzsimmons, Bernard: The Illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare. Columbia House, 1978, v. 8, page 835
  22. ^ Smith, Charles Edgar: A short history of naval and marine engineering. Babcock & Wilcox, ltd. at the University Press, 1937, page 263
  23. ^ Cooney, David M. (1980). Ships, Aircraft and Weapons of the United States Navy. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  24. ^ Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory (Bantam, 1947), pp.508, 521–2, 568, 574, 576, 609, 646, 724, 745–6, 784, 806, 818, 825, 827, 829, 842, 865–6, & 868–9.
  25. ^ "Building the Navy's Bases, vol. 2 (part III, chapter 26)". public1.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  26. ^ "An Overview of US Navy Hospital Ships". Naval Order. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  27. ^ "Tuscana". public2.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  28. ^ Department of Defense. Department of the Navy. Naval Photographic Center. (12/1/1959 - ca. 1998), Photograph of a Tender and Submarine Chasers in Ulithi Harbor, retrieved 1 January 2023
  29. ^ "SC-1372". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  30. ^ "Internal Combustion Engine Repair Ship Photo Index (ARG)". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Loran Station Ulithi". www.loran-history.info. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  32. ^ "Loran Station Eniwetok". www.loran-history.info. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  33. ^ . www.utaot.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  34. ^ Gerrard, Michael B. (3 December 2014). "Opinion | A Pacific Isle, Radioactive and Forgotten". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 January 2023.


October 27, 2023
naval, base, eniwetok, major, united, states, navy, base, located, enewetak, atoll, marshall, islands, during, world, base, built, support, island, hopping, strategy, used, allied, nations, fighting, empire, japan, pacific, during, 1944, eniwetok, busiest, nav. Naval Base Eniwetok was a major United States Navy base located at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands during World War II The base was built to support the island hopping strategy used by allied nations fighting the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War During 1944 5 Eniwetok was one of the busiest naval bases in the world with over 488 ships 1 Naval Base EniwetakEniwetak Atoll United States Navy1944 1948Naval Base EniwetakGeographyLocationNorth PacificCoordinates11 30 N 162 20 E 11 500 N 162 333 E 11 500 162 333ArchipelagoRalikTotal islands40Area5 85 km2 2 26 sq mi Marshall Islands on the globe in the Pacific OceanMarshall Islands mapNaval Base Eniwetok HQ 1945 Contents 1 History 2 Engebi Airfield 3 Eniwetok Island 3 1 Bob Hope 4 Parry Island 5 Smaller Islands 6 Eniwetok lagoon 6 1 Eniwetok repair depot 6 2 Eniwetok seaplane base 6 3 Stationed at Eniwetok 6 4 Eniwetok destroyer base 6 5 Eniwetok Submarine Base 6 6 Eniwetok floating hospital 6 7 Net Laying 6 8 Submarine chaser base 7 Fleet support 8 LORAN station 9 Post war 10 Gallery 11 See also 12 External links 13 ReferencesHistory editEnewetak also spelled Eniwetok Atoll is a large coral atoll with a lagoon circled by 40 islands in a 80 kilometres 50 mi circumference The islands have less than 5 85 square kilometres 2 26 sq mi of land only a few feet above sea level The deep lagoon in the atoll offers excellent fleet anchorage for the largest ships The lagoon has only three entrances providing excellent control and protection 2 After World War I Eniwetok became part of Japan under the South Seas Mandate In November 1942 the Empire of Japan built an airfield on Enewetak Atoll s Engebi Island to refuel and support planes at Truk In the United States Marshall Islands campaign the US took control of the Marshall Islands the Imperial Japanese Army sent the 1st Amphibious Brigade with 2 586 men to defend the base on Engebi Island and Parry Island In the Battle of Eniwetok the US took Eniwetok starting on 17 February 1944 and ending 23 February The action took place on three islands Engebi Parry and Eniwetok by the US 22nd Marines and the Army s 106th Infantry Medical dispensaries were built on each of the main islands Eniwetok Engebi and Parry islands with a total of 200 beds 3 Engebi Airfield editOn Engebi Island was a runway built by Japan The US Army 47th Engineers repaired and improved the runway starting February 1944 and completing 10 March The Engebi Airfield was named Wrigley Airfield Four fighter squadrons used the 3 950 foot by 225 foot runway At the airbase were an engine overhaul shop and a 146 000 gallons aviation gasoline tank farm The Army had the 41st Bomber Group and 396th Bomber Squadron flying B 25 4 Marine Aircraft Group 31 and VMF 113 also used the Engebi Airfield flying Vought F4U Corsair In September 1944 Charles Lindbergh visited Engebi Airfield and United States Marine Corps flew the Corsairs Charles Lindbergh helped improve the maximum ordnance load of the Corsairs By June 1944 the major projects on Engebi had been completed and Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 594 CBMU 594 took over Engebi Island was given the code name Janet and is at 11 39 46 N 162 14 24 E 11 662887 N 162 240124 E 11 662887 162 240124 The airfield was abandoned at the end the war 5 6 7 Eniwetok Island editMain article Eniwetok Airfield US Navy Seabees with the 110th Naval Construction Battalion arrived at Eniwetok starting 21 February 1944 The Seabee s first task was clearing the runway of battle damage and repairing the runway to be a bomber airbase for the United States Army Air Forces The completed runway Stickell Field was 6 800 by 400 foot 2 070 by 120 m wide on Eniwetok Island The first plane landed on 11 March and the first attack mission was carried out on 5 April Seabee built air facilities that included a major engine overhaul depot and barracks for Army aviation personnel with quonset huts The most common bombers were Consolidated B 24 Liberator and North American B 25 Mitchell The US Navy also used Stickell Field with unit VD 3 flying PB4Y Navy Liberator The Navy had stationed at base unit VB 109 VD 4 and VPB 109 flying Lockheed Ventura Harpoon PV 1 and Consolidated PB4Y 2 Privateer Stickell Field is named after Lt John H Stickell a US Navy and former RAF pilot John H Stickell was killed in 1944 in action against the Jaluit Atoll Seabees built a large tank farm with twelve 1 000 barrel tanks to fuel the bombers with aviation gasoline at Stickell Field Tankers in the lagoon could refill the tanks by a floating pipeline that was 1 200 feet long at a tanker mooring The tank farm was completed by May 1944 It was partly damaged when a Landing craft tank LCT 5 315 had an explosion on 23 March 1944 8 Seabees also built two 80 foot and 150 foot coral fill piers out into the lagoon on Eniwetok Island for unloading supplies They also built tow beach ramps for unloading LCTs In addition Seabees built two berths that were used for ships to dock and do anti aircraft target practice For the target practice the airbase would provide towed target and also had drone planes tow targets for safety 9 3 500 troops were stationed on Eniwetok Island in 1944 Naval Base Eniwetok Fleet Post Office Box was 3237 Eniwetok Island was given the code name Fred at 11 20 21 N 162 19 21 E 11 339243 N 162 322457 E 11 339243 162 322457 After the war the runway became Enewetak Auxiliary Airfield now an emergency landing runway 4 7 Hal Kanter built and ran Armed Forces Radio Service radio station on Naval Base Eniwetok Bob Hope edit In 1944 Bob Hope put on a Bob Hope Show on Eniwetok Island In the USO military tour there were still wrecked planes and equipment in the background Hope had Jerry Colona and Frances Langford sing on stage Patty Thomas danced and musician guitarist Tony Romano played Hope called his 1944 tour of the South Pacific Loew s Malaria Circuit and the Pineapple Circuit Hope did 150 shows in the two months they were on the 1944 road trip Hope s 1944 show visited Naval Base Pearl Harbor Hawaii at the Nimitz Bowl Eniwetok Naval Base Cairns Green Islands Bougainville Milner Bay Naval Base Treasury Islands Naval Base Mios Woendi called Wendy Island and Naval Base Kwajalein 10 11 Parry Island editMain article Parry Island seaplane base Troops at sea on ships and boats need R amp R so in June 1945 the 67th Naval Construction Battalion arrived and built a 35 000 man recreation center on Parry Island Parry Island had mark off swimming beaches At the recreation center in the atoll the Navy had an ice cream barge that could make up to 500 gallons of ice cream for the troops in 8 hours The ice cream barge also would make fresh bread products The base officer s club was built on Parry Island The base printed a bulletin newspaper to keep the Troops up to date at the base After completion the Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 608 CBMU 608 took over the day to day operation and Maintenance of the center 12 Naval Base Eniwetok was part of the vast Naval Base Marshall Islands 1 On Parry Island the 110th Battalion Seabees repaired and improved the Parry Island Seaplane Base captured from Japanese forces Parry Island is also known as Medren Elmer Igem Heartstrings and Overbuilt at 11 24 05 N 162 22 12 E 11 401322 N 162 370072 E 11 401322 162 370072 4 7 Smaller Islands editThe local inhabitants Micronesians at Eniwetok were restricted to the smaller islands of Biijiri Aomen and the Rojoa complex Aomen Aranit Ulie codename was Sally Biijiri Bijire codename was Tilda 13 One of the small islands that was away from the base and inhabitants for safety was used as an ammunition depot Seabees of the 126th Battalion built a second fleet recreation center on Runit Island codename Hawthorne six weeks later it was crated up and shipped to Naval Base Ulithi The 126th Battalion also built facilities on Japtan codename David 14 7 Eniwetok lagoon editThe deep lagoon the Navy set up fleet anchorage and a major US Naval Advance Base The USS Cascade AD 16 became the flagship of Service Squadron 4 and Service Squadron 10 A Service Squadron is a floating Naval Base with all the support a land base would give In the Service Squadron were all the supplies and repair depot support the fleet needed The Service Squadron had Fleet Oilers AO Gasoline Tanker AOG Repair Ships AR Ammunition ships AE Destroyer Tenders AD Tugboats Barges Seaplane tenders hospital ship AH Net laying ships AN barracks ships APL Small Auxiliary Floating Dry Docks stores ship and Submarine tenders AS By July 1944 there were about 488 at the base after a fleet depart there were 283 ships Seabes built a signal tower at the entrance to the lagoon that became the Harbor Entrance Control Post H E C P to direct port traffic The USS Vega AK 17 was used to assemble floating pontoon barges Shipping Pontoons flat and unassembled took a lot less space Outboard engines were added to many barges for moving supplies in the atoll As the fighting front moved east and closer to Japan Service Squadron 10 was too far away from the action Service Squadron 10 started departing Enewetak Atoll on 4 October 1944 for Naval Base Ulithi arriving on the 15th Ulithi is 1 538 miles east of Eniwetok Squadron 10 was moved to Ulithi in four convoys tugboats returning to move non self propelled craft for each trips Non self propelled craft included APL 14 troopsship 7 concrete 3 000 ton storage barges 19 oil water barges 17 gasoline barges 24 500 ton barges with ammunition freight spare parts radio medical mail refrigerated food etc The Service Squadron 10 move took two weeks 15 Eniwetok repair depot edit The US Navy set up a large ship and boat repair depot at Naval Base Eniwetok The repair depot provided the fleet with support to keep ships and subs tactically available in the Pacific War with the repair and supply depot rather than ships having to return to continental United States The Navy had built special auxiliary floating drydocks that were able to repair battle damage to even the largest ships and do regular maintenance in the field saving ships trans pacific travel time for repair Supply store ships were also at the base with the parts needed to keep the fleet ready The USS Endymion ARL 9 was torpedoed and had temporary repairs made at Eniwetok In September 944 a strong westerly storm hit Eniwetok damaging many boats and barges and driving high speed target rafts ashore The depot worked overtime to repair the damage 14 Some of the Eniwetok repair depot ships and crafts USS Richland YFD 64 Auxiliary floating drydock USS Oak Ridge ARDM 1 Auxiliary floating drydock USS Endurance ARDM 3 Auxiliary floating drydock AFDL 32 a type of Small Auxiliary Floating Dry Docks USS ARD 13 ARD Auxiliary floating drydock mostly destroyer repair USS ARD 15 ARD Auxiliary floating drydock mostly destroyer repair USS ARD 23 ARD Auxiliary floating drydock mostly destroyer repair USS Jason AR 8 large repair ship USS Ajax large repair ship USS Nestor ARB 6 repair ship and small craft tender USS Oceanus ARB 2 battle damage repair ship USS Preserver ARS 8 repair ship USS Zeus ARB 4 repair ship USS Vestal large repair ship USS Mona Island ARG 9 repair ship USS Deliver ARS 23 rescue and salvage ship USS Shackle ARS 9 rescue and salvage ship USS Supply IX 147 aircraft stores ship YRB 34 Floating Workshop 16 Eniwetok seaplane base edit nbsp A Consolidated PBY Catalina seaplane crew nbsp Martin PBM 5 Mariner seaplane in flight nbsp USS Pocomoke AV 9 a seaplane tender the crane at the rear of the ship is used to bring a seaplane on to the deck for repair and serving The remaining parts of the ship are for the ship s and seaplane crew also the ship s and seaplane fuel The ship s stores would have crew s food and spare parts for seaplanes The Parry Island seaplane base had only one seaplane ramp and it was not usable at low tide Most of the seaplane base operations were carried out by seaplane tenders in the lagoon Seaplanes did reconnaissance patrols and search also rescue missions for downed aircrew men and survivors of sunk ships The most common seaplanes at the base were Consolidated PBY Catalina and Martin PBM Mariner The seaplane base take off and landing was a spot was marked off in the atoll The seaplanes were supported by a floating base of seaplane tenders Seaplane tenders had stores to supply food fuel ammo spare parts The seaplane tender also had housing and mess halls for the aircrew while the seaplane was being serviced Aircrew on leave could go to Eniwetok s fleet recreation center Some seaplane tenders were stationed at Eniwetok seaplane base for months Other seaplane tenders came to Naval Base Eniwetok to resupply the ship s stores before returning to a US Naval Advance Base Some came to Eniwetok repair depot to be repaired Unit base at Eniwetok seaplane base VP 13 VP 16 VP 21 VP 23 VP MS 6 VP 102 VP 202 VPB 19 and VPB 22 17 Some seaplane tenders at Naval Base Eniwetok USS Corson AVP 37 USS Hamlin AV 15 USS Casco AVP 12 USS Suisun USS Chandeleur AV 10 USS Mackinac AVP 13 USS Barataria AVP 33 USS Chincoteague AVP 24 USS Kenneth Whiting AV 14 USS Onslow AVP 48 USS Pocomoke AV 9 USS St George AV 16 USS Duxbury Bay AVP 38 USS San Pablo AVP 30 USS Yakutat AVP 32 USS Cumberland Sound AV 17 USS Shelikof AVP 52 USS Coos Bay YSD 42 Seaplane Wrecking Derrick 18 Stationed at Eniwetok edit nbsp USS Relief AH 1 hospital ship in 1945Over 6 000 seamen were at Eniwetok stationed in ships and on shore bases Hundreds of ships at anchored at Eniwetok some stationed some in for repair or resupply United States Merchant Navy ships would unload supply at Naval Base Eniwetok to keep the fleet and base supplied Service Squadron 10 a floating 400 ship base with tankers Fleet oilers refrigerator ships ammunition ships supply ships floating docks and repair ships Service Squadron 10 started departing Enewetak Atoll 4 October 1944 for Naval Base Ulithi arriving on the 15th 15 USS Abatan distilling ship freshwater from the sea for land base and small vessels USS Dauphin APA 97 floating barracks troopship APL 14 floating barracks USS Amador ammunition tender USS Firedrake AE 14 ammunition tender USS Lassen AE 3 ammunition tender stores SS Plymouth Victory ammunition stores USS Turkey AM 13 minesweeper USS Sabine AO 25 carrier oiler USS Aucilla carrier oiler USS Marias AO 57 battleship oiler USS Platte AO 24 battleship oiler USS Taluga AO 62 cruisers oiler USS Sepulga AO 20 cruisers oiler USS Cowanesque AO 79 destroyer oiler USS Chotauk IX 188 destroyer oiler USS Elk IX 115 destroyer oiler USS Malvern IX 138 destroyer oiler USS Genesee AOG 8 oiler USS Enoree AO 69 oiler USS Nantahala AO 60 oiler USS Tombigbee AOG 11 oiler USS Saranac AO 74 oiler USS Neosho AO 48 oiler USS Caliente AO 53 oiler USS Pecos AO 65 oiler USS Cimarron AO 22 oiler USS Standard Arrow ID 1532 oiler USS Wabash AOG 4 oiler USS Arethusa IX 135 oiler USS Inca IX 229 oiler USS Neches AO 47 oiler USS Lackawanna AO 40 oiler USS Gazelle IX 116 oiler USS Kaskaskia AO 27 oiler USS Antona IX 133 oiler tanker barge YO 76 oiler tanker barge USS Bullwheel YO 46 oiler tanker barge USS Gamage IX 227 storage for lubricants and drummed petroleum USS Giraffe IX 118 gasoline tanker USS Quiros water tanker USS Athanasia stores ship USS Palisana AF 39 stores ship USS Latona AF 35 stores ship USS Graffias AF 29 stores ship USS Trefoil IX 149 stores ship USS Quartz IX 150 stores ship USS Megrez AK 126 stores ship USS Aldebaran food stores ship USS Polaris AF 11 food stores ship USS Sirius AF 60 refrigerator food stores ship USS Rutilicus AK 113 food stores ship SS Cape Pilar merchant food stores ship USS Ascella medical stores ship USS Azimech medical stores ship USS Iolanda stores ship USS Carmita IX 152 stores ship USS Arctic AF 7 stores ship USS Gordonia AF 43 stores ship USS Hesperia stores ship USS Volans stores ship USS Karin AF 33 stores ship USS Adria stores ship USS Antares AG 10 stores ship USS Lioba AF 36 stores ship USS Kerstin AF 34 stores ship USS Luna stores ship USS Corundum IX 164 spare parts USS Trefoil IX 149 stores ship USS Silica IX 151 fresh frozen food and dry provisions APL 15 None propelled barracks ship USS Orvetta IX 157 barracks ship USS Sea Hag barracks ship USS Seaward IX 209 troopship and mail ship was USS LST 278 19 YF 1038 cover lighter Type B ship YG 36 YG 33 and YG 37 self propelled Garbage lighter 20 YF 254 lighter YC 1006 lighter YP 688 lighter YF 788 lighter YF 786 lighter USS Turkey AMS 56 minesweeper USS Unadilla ATA 182 Tugboat Type V ship USS Chickasaw AT 83 Tug USS Jicarilla ATF 104 Tug USS ATR 71 Tug USS AT 116 Tug USS YTB 372 Tug USS Hitchiti ATF 103 Tug USS YTB 384 Tug USS Mobile Point Tug USS Arapaho ATF 68 Tug USS Point Loma dredge ship USS Benson dredge Landing Ship Tanks LST for moving supplies Small landing craft for moving supplies and personal Motor Launch boats for moving personalEniwetok destroyer base edit nbsp USS Hamul AD 20 a destroyer tender with destroyer escorts during World War IISee also List of destroyers of the Second World War Hundreds of US Navy destroyers were used in the Pacific war Destroyers were used to protect capital ships like aircraft carriers battleships and heavy cruisers Destroyers were used to screen and protect convoy of ships Destroyers were used to hunt submarines and protect amphibious landings at beaches Destroyers had anti aircraft guns radar and forward launched ASW weapons dual purpose guns depth charges and torpedoes 21 22 Destroyers needed to be restocked with food fuel supplies and weaponss to keep operational Eniwetok had a large destroyer base with destroyer tenders These ships could do minor repair work with major work done at the Eniwetok repair depot 23 Destroyer tenders stationed at Eniwetok USS Cascade AD 16 USS Prairie AD 15 USS Piedmont AD 17 USS Yosemite AD 19 USS Hamul AD 20 USS Dixie AD 14 USS Sierra AD 18 USS MarkabEniwetok Submarine Base edit Many US Navy submarines were used in the Pacific War The submarine attacked warships and sank supply ships that were needed by Japan to resupply their many bases in the Pacific US subs also did reconnaissance patrols landed guerrilla special forces and search and rescue missions for downed aircrew mem 24 US submarine had long ranges but needed to be resupplied with fuel food torpedoes and deck gun shells At Naval Base Eniwetok the Navy set up a floating submarine base in the atoll The submarine tenders USS Sperry AS 12 and USS Beaver were stationed in the atoll to supply the submarines While the submarine was being resupplied and repaired if needed crews could have a break R amp R at the Ulithi s fleet recreation center on Mogmog Island Some of the subs stationed at the base were USS Tunny SS 282 USS Salmon SS 182 USS Darter SS 227 USS Spearfish SS 190 USS Scabbardfish SS 397 USS Sargo SS 188 USS Thresher SS 200 USS Tilefish SS 307 and USS S 35 SS 140 25 Eniwetok floating hospital edit Naval Base Eniwetok was used as a major forward Naval hospital US Navy Hospital ships were stationed Naval Base Eniwetok during parts of the war and some were stationed shortly as they joined staging for upcoming invasions Hospital ships also were able to resupply and refuel at the base 26 USS Relief AH 1 550 beds stationed at Eniwetok September 1944 to help with a dysentery outbreak at the atoll USS Mercy AH 8 up to 400 patients USS Hope AH 7 up to 400 patients USS Solace AH 5 up to 418 patientsNet Laying edit To protect the many ships at Eniwetok the Navy had anti torpedo net installed The ship USS Tuscana AKN 3 supplied the nets The ships also installed the moorings at Eniwetok 27 Net laying ships stationed at Eniwetok USS Anaqua USS Rosewood AN 31 USS Keokuk CMc 6 USS Pinon AN 66 USS Chinaberry AN 61 USS Suncook AN 80 USS Corkwood AN 44 USS Cohoes AN 78 USS Hoptree AN 62 Submarine chaser base edit To help protect the base and shipping around the base Naval Base Eniwetok had a fleet of submarine chasers The submarine chasers were supported by a submarine chaser tender ship the USS Mindanao ARG 3 was stationed at Eniwetok to support the fleet of submarine chasers and some crash boats crash boats were fast boats use to rescue downed airmen Some of the submarine chasers served at Eniwetok PC 1080 USS PC 1137 USS PC 1142 USS PC 1136 USS PGM 18 USS PC 1138 USS Winnemucca PC 1145 and USS PC 598 28 29 30 Fleet support editNaval Base Eniwetok was used for the Admiral Raymond A Spruance s United States Fifth Fleet anchorage Ships in the Fifth Fleet were able to resupply and refuel from Seron Ten Service Squadron 10 Resupply included food freshwater for small crafts spare parts and ammunition Troops were able to have liberty leave at the fleet recreation Eniwetok was used for staging upcoming missions Eniwetok had a depot tenders and repair ships for servicing amphibious ships and amphibious crafts in the southern anchorage later moved to eastern anchorage Eniwetok was the staging for the Marianas invasion three hundred vessels supplied before departure VPB 13 was staged at Eniwetok for weeks before the Guam campaign Eniwetok also had spare fighter planes and parts for the aircraft carriers The USS Bowditch AG 30 had surveyed the lagoon to find the best mooring for large and small ships USS Bowditch also placed the navigational markers for entrance and path through the atoll The Fifth Fleet also used Naval Base Majuro and Naval Base Ulithi for resupply After Naval Base Guam was re established some of Seron Ten ships departed to support the new base there 14 LORAN station editThe United States Coast Guard built a LORAN Long Range Navigational Signal station at Eniwetok in January 1951 The station closed 1978 as in 1978 the Global Positioning System replaced the need for LORAN 31 32 Post war editMain article Nuclear tests at Eniwetok Starting on 14 April 1948 the US did nuclear testing at Eniwetok as part of the Cold War The series of tests exploded over 30 megatons of TNT The nuclear testing ended on 18 August 1958 In 1977 construction started on a concrete dome the Runit Dome on Runit Island Under the dome the US deposited radioactive soil and debris The construction was completed in 1980 33 34 Gallery edit nbsp US Naval map from January 1966 with all island names nbsp Burning Japanese aircraft on Engebi airfield 1944 nbsp US Quonset hut chapel on Eniwetok 1944 nbsp Construction on Eniwetok Seabee Bulldozers working on airstrip nbsp Seabee made Water trucks with pontoons to water the airstrip at Eniwetok to pack the coral on the airstrip in 1944 nbsp Douglas SBD Dauntless with Navy Unit VC 35 over Eniwetok 18 February 1944 nbsp 155 mm guns on Eniwetok nbsp Aerial view of Enewetak and Parry nbsp Enewetak Atoll in 2014 from Landsat 8 nbsp B 17 drone at Eniwetok Airfield in 1948 for Operation Sandstone nbsp Operation Sandstone nbsp Ivy Mike test October 31 1952 nbsp Operation Greenhouse test nbsp Ivy King test November 1952 nbsp Test shot Seminole of Operation Redwing conducted on the coast of the island of Bogon nbsp Hardtack Umbrella testSee also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Eniwetok US Naval Advance Bases Naval Base Marshall IslandsExternal links edityoutube com USO Eniwetok Island Bob Hope Troupe youtube com USO Eniwetok Island Bob Hope Troupe 2 youtube com US soldiers on Enewetak Marshall Islands after its capture during World War II References edit a b 27 Building the Navy s Bases in World War II History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps 1940 1946 United States Government Printing Office 1947 OCLC 1023942 Munk Walter Day Deborah 2004 Ivy Mike PDF Oceanography 17 2 97 105 p 98 doi 10 5670 oceanog 2004 53 Invasion of Eniwetok Atoll 1944 February 17 22 public2 nhhcaws local Retrieved 1 January 2023 a b c PacificWrecks com Pacific Wrecks pacificwrecks com Retrieved 1 January 2023 Crowder Michael J 2000 United States Marine Corps Aviation Squadron Lineage Insignia amp History Volume One The Fighter Squadrons Paducah KY Turner Publishing Company ISBN 1 56311 926 9 F4U Corsair part 2 World War Photos www worldwarphotos info Retrieved 1 January 2023 a b c d Building the Navy s Bases Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands www microworks net Landing Craft Tank Photo Index www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Hal Kanter Collection oac cdlib org Bob Hope and the Road to GI Joe www americainwwii com American comedian Bob Hope at Eniwetok Island in Pacific Theater HD Stock Footage via www youtube com Beans Bullets and Black Oil public2 nhhcaws local Retrieved 1 January 2023 Operation Redwing Report to the Scientific Director March 2021 a b c Seron Ten U S Naval Institute 1 February 1948 a b Carter Worrall Kimball Dan Spruance Raymond 1953 19 Beans Bullet and Black Oil United States Department of the Navy OCLC 228675968 YRB www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Roberts Michael D 2000 Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons Volume 2 The History of VP VPB VP H and VP AM Squadrons Washington D C Naval Historical Center Department of the Navy Retrieved 22 January 2015 YSD www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Tank Landing Ship LST www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Garbage Lighter YG Photo Index www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Fitzsimmons Bernard The Illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare Columbia House 1978 v 8 page 835 Smith Charles Edgar A short history of naval and marine engineering Babcock amp Wilcox ltd at the University Press 1937 page 263 Cooney David M 1980 Ships Aircraft and Weapons of the United States Navy Washington D C United States Government Printing Office Blair Clay Jr Silent Victory Bantam 1947 pp 508 521 2 568 574 576 609 646 724 745 6 784 806 818 825 827 829 842 865 6 amp 868 9 Building the Navy s Bases vol 2 part III chapter 26 public1 nhhcaws local Retrieved 1 January 2023 An Overview of US Navy Hospital Ships Naval Order Retrieved 1 January 2023 Tuscana public2 nhhcaws local Retrieved 1 January 2023 Department of Defense Department of the Navy Naval Photographic Center 12 1 1959 ca 1998 Photograph of a Tender and Submarine Chasers in Ulithi Harbor retrieved 1 January 2023 SC 1372 www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Internal Combustion Engine Repair Ship Photo Index ARG www navsource org Retrieved 1 January 2023 Loran Station Ulithi www loran history info Retrieved 1 January 2023 Loran Station Eniwetok www loran history info Retrieved 1 January 2023 Enewetak Atoll nuclear trash can of the pacific UTAOT www utaot com Archived from the original on 24 May 2013 Retrieved 14 April 2013 Gerrard Michael B 3 December 2014 Opinion A Pacific Isle Radioactive and Forgotten The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 1 January 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Naval Base Eniwetok amp oldid 1177070096, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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