The Chilean National Museum of Natural History (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural or MNHN) is one of three national museums in Chile, along with the Museum of Fine Arts and the National History Museum. It is located in Quinta Normal Park. Founded on September 14, 1830 by the French naturalist Claudio Gay, the director of the Museum and the Botanical garden was another Frenchman Jean-François Dauxion-Lavaysse.[1]
The museum is one of the oldest natural history museums in South America. It was founded on September 14, 1830 by the French naturalist Claudio Gay, commissioned by the Chilean government. Its first director was another Frenchman Jean-François Dauxion-Lavaysse[1].Its original mandate was the biology and geography of Chile, with a concentration on crops and mineral resources. The current building was constructed in 1875 as a palace, or pavilion, for the Chilean International Exhibition.[2]
In 1889 departments of botany, zoology, and mineralogy were established. The National Museum Bulletin (Boletín del Museo Nacional) was first published in 1908, and continues today under the title Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural History (Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural).
Earthquakes in August 1906 and April 1927 have damaged the museum.[3]
The uses of copper, a collection of Codelco, the state mining corporation
The oldest mummies in the world are found in the museum, being around 7400 years old (2000 years older than their Egyptian counterparts). Fifteen of them were put into a CAT scan in late 2016. Scientists hope to learn more about the mummification process used by the Chinchorro people of Chile. The 15 mummies were women and children and scientists note that different preservation techniques were used.[5][6]
A collection of molluscs from Chile and other parts of the world is present in the museum. The collection has been assembled since the beginning of the study of the natural history of Chile. Juan I. Molina collected 11 species of molluscs in 1782. French zoologists published studies of the molluscs in Chile in the 1800s. In 1853, Rodulfo A. Philippi (a German doctor) was hired as a naturalist by the Chilean government and was appointed director and curator of the Museum. As of 2003, the mollusc collection was being organized and catalogued, taking into account various donations and exchanges made by Philippi until the end of his term in 1897. Philippi's son Federico Philippi served as director of the museum from 1897 to 1910. Medical doctor Eduardo Moore was director from 1910 to 1927. Civil engineer Ricardo Latcham served as director from 1928 to 1943. Naturalist Enrique Gigoux was director from 1943 to 1948. Geologist Humberto Fuenzalida was director from 1949 to 1963; his tenure was marked by a grand expansion at the museum, with the formation of the malacology laboratory under tutelage of professor Nibaldo Bahamonde.[7]
Marine fossils from the late Miocene and the early Pliocene were quarried from marine sandstone deposits on the north-central coast of Chile in the early 1990s and added to the museum's collection shortly thereafter.[8]
Departments and oversightedit
The five departments are botany, zoology, entomology, anthropology, and paleontology. The department of botany includes a herbarium of 3700 species dating from 1830. 90% of the type specimens of Chilean species are housed here. The zoology department contains fourteen holotypes, mainly Chilean marine and freshwater fish. The anthropological department emphasizes the archeology of Central Chile through the Inca Empire and cultural artifacts of modern or recently extinct peoples of Chile and Easter Island. One of its duties is the caretaking of the Plomo Mummy.
^ abGainot, Bernard (2016). "Jean-François Dauxion-Lavaysse (circa 1770– circa 1830). From recognition of the land to social recognition". cairn-int.info. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
^Juan Davud Murillo Sandoval. "De Lo Natural Y lo Nacional. Representaciones de la Naturaleza Explotable en la Exposción Internacional de Chile de 1875". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Grete Mostny, Memorial for the victims of National Socialism, University of Vienna, Retrieved 9 November 2015
^Fleitas, Giovanna (December 22, 2016). "Les momies les plus vieilles du monde passent un scanner au Chili" [The oldest mummies in the world pass a scan in Chile]. La Presse (in French). Montreal, Canada. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
^Timbert, Aline (May 4, 2017). [Chile: The Chinchorro mummies, the oldest in the world, are undergoing scanning to reveal some secrets ...]. Actu Latino (in French). Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
^Letelier, Sergio; et al. (2003). "Base de datos del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural: moluscos de Chile" (PDF). Rev. Biol. Trop. (in Spanish). 51 (Supplement 3): 33–50. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
^Long, Douglas (April 1993). "Late Miocene and Early Pliocene fish assemblages from the north central coast of Chile". Tertiary Research. 14 (3): 117–126. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
^(PDF). La Colección (in Spanish). 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
^"dibam". Portal dibam (in Spanish). 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
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For other uses see National Museum of Natural History disambiguation The Chilean National Museum of Natural History Spanish Museo Nacional de Historia Natural or MNHN is one of three national museums in Chile along with the Museum of Fine Arts and the National History Museum It is located in Quinta Normal Park Founded on September 14 1830 by the French naturalist Claudio Gay the director of the Museum and the Botanical garden was another Frenchman Jean Francois Dauxion Lavaysse 1 Chilean National Museum of Natural HistoryMuseo Nacional de Historia Natural ChileEstablished1830LocationSantiago ChileTypeNatural history museumWebsitemnhn wbr gob wbr cl Contents 1 History 2 Exhibits and collections 3 Departments and oversight 4 References 5 External linksHistory editThe museum is one of the oldest natural history museums in South America It was founded on September 14 1830 by the French naturalist Claudio Gay commissioned by the Chilean government Its first director was another Frenchman Jean Francois Dauxion Lavaysse 1 Its original mandate was the biology and geography of Chile with a concentration on crops and mineral resources The current building was constructed in 1875 as a palace or pavilion for the Chilean International Exhibition 2 In 1889 departments of botany zoology and mineralogy were established The National Museum Bulletin Boletin del Museo Nacional was first published in 1908 and continues today under the title Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural History Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Earthquakes in August 1906 and April 1927 have damaged the museum 3 Humberto Fuenzalida was director of the museum until Grete Mostny became director in 1964 She led the museum until 1982 4 Exhibits and collections edit nbsp The central hall with a sei whale skeletonThe museum currently has twelve permanent exhibits Biogeography of Chile a long tunnel that fills much of the first floor Interactive children s games for terrestrial ecosystems The Central Hall exhibits including a 17 meter skeleton of a sei whale Minerals with an emphasis on the nitrate boom of the early twentieth century Insects including large fossil dragonflies Mollusks Mesozoic era vertebrates including a specimen of Carnotaurus sastrei Chilean timber Chilean archaeology Juan Fernandez Islands Cultural anthropology covering the Aymara Mapuche Selk nam Rapanui Kaweskar and Yamana The museum houses the finest public collection of rongorongo artifacts in the world The uses of copper a collection of Codelco the state mining corporationThe oldest mummies in the world are found in the museum being around 7400 years old 2000 years older than their Egyptian counterparts Fifteen of them were put into a CAT scan in late 2016 Scientists hope to learn more about the mummification process used by the Chinchorro people of Chile The 15 mummies were women and children and scientists note that different preservation techniques were used 5 6 A collection of molluscs from Chile and other parts of the world is present in the museum The collection has been assembled since the beginning of the study of the natural history of Chile Juan I Molina collected 11 species of molluscs in 1782 French zoologists published studies of the molluscs in Chile in the 1800s In 1853 Rodulfo A Philippi a German doctor was hired as a naturalist by the Chilean government and was appointed director and curator of the Museum As of 2003 the mollusc collection was being organized and catalogued taking into account various donations and exchanges made by Philippi until the end of his term in 1897 Philippi s son Federico Philippi served as director of the museum from 1897 to 1910 Medical doctor Eduardo Moore was director from 1910 to 1927 Civil engineer Ricardo Latcham served as director from 1928 to 1943 Naturalist Enrique Gigoux was director from 1943 to 1948 Geologist Humberto Fuenzalida was director from 1949 to 1963 his tenure was marked by a grand expansion at the museum with the formation of the malacology laboratory under tutelage of professor Nibaldo Bahamonde 7 Marine fossils from the late Miocene and the early Pliocene were quarried from marine sandstone deposits on the north central coast of Chile in the early 1990s and added to the museum s collection shortly thereafter 8 Departments and oversight editThe five departments are botany zoology entomology anthropology and paleontology The department of botany includes a herbarium of 3700 species dating from 1830 90 of the type specimens of Chilean species are housed here The zoology department contains fourteen holotypes mainly Chilean marine and freshwater fish The anthropological department emphasizes the archeology of Central Chile through the Inca Empire and cultural artifacts of modern or recently extinct peoples of Chile and Easter Island One of its duties is the caretaking of the Plomo Mummy The Museum is overseen by the Director of the National Cultural Heritage Service 9 itself a division of the Chilean Ministry of Cultures Arts and Heritage 10 References edit a b Gainot Bernard 2016 Jean Francois Dauxion Lavaysse circa 1770 circa 1830 From recognition of the land to social recognition cairn int info Retrieved 2023 04 18 Juan Davud Murillo Sandoval De Lo Natural Y lo Nacional Representaciones de la Naturaleza Explotable en la Exposcion Internacional de Chile de 1875 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help A flyer handed the museum Grete Mostny Memorial for the victims of National Socialism University of Vienna Retrieved 9 November 2015 Fleitas Giovanna December 22 2016 Les momies les plus vieilles du monde passent un scanner au Chili The oldest mummies in the world pass a scan in Chile La Presse in French Montreal Canada Retrieved June 4 2017 Timbert Aline May 4 2017 Chili Les momies Chinchorro les plus vielles au monde passent au scanner pour reveler enfin quelques secrets Chile The Chinchorro mummies the oldest in the world are undergoing scanning to reveal some secrets Actu Latino in French Archived from the original on May 16 2017 Retrieved June 4 2017 Letelier Sergio et al 2003 Base de datos del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural moluscos de Chile PDF Rev Biol Trop in Spanish 51 Supplement 3 33 50 Retrieved June 4 2017 Long Douglas April 1993 Late Miocene and Early Pliocene fish assemblages from the north central coast of Chile Tertiary Research 14 3 117 126 Retrieved June 4 2017 La Coleccion Y Nomenclaator Basado En Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile Publicacion Ocasional N 64 2015 PDF La Coleccion in Spanish 2015 Archived from the original PDF on October 19 2017 Retrieved June 2 2017 dibam Portal dibam in Spanish 2017 Retrieved June 4 2017 External links editA 360 panorama of the museum33 26 32 S 70 40 55 W 33 44217 S 70 68184 W 33 44217 70 68184 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chilean National Museum of Natural History amp oldid 1188002798, 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