French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation
The National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria) (French: Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique) is a French national research institution focusing on computer science and applied mathematics. It was created under the name French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (IRIA) (French: Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique) in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris, part of Plan Calcul. Its first site was the historical premises of SHAPE (central command of NATO military forces), which is still used as Inria's main headquarters. In 1980, IRIA became INRIA.[1] Since 2011, it has been styled Inria.
| Formation | 3 January 1967 |
|---|---|
| Type | Public |
| Purpose | Research |
| Headquarters | Rocquencourt, France |
| Fields | Computer science Applied mathematics |
Official languages | French, English |
President | Bruno Sportisse |
Budget | €235 million (2013) |
Staff | 1,772 researchers |
| Website | inria.fr |
Formerly called | Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique |
Inria is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST) under the double supervision of the French Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction and Research and the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry.
Administrative status edit
Inria has nine research centers distributed across France (in Bordeaux, Grenoble-Inovallée, Lille, Lyon, Nancy, Paris-Rocquencourt, Rennes, Saclay, and Sophia Antipolis) and one center abroad in Santiago de Chile, Chile. It also contributes to academic research teams outside of those centers.
Inria Rennes is part of the joint Institut de recherche en informatique et systèmes aléatoires (IRISA) with several other entities.
Before December 2007, the three centers of Bordeaux, Lille and Saclay formed a single research center called INRIA Futurs.
In October 2010, Inria, with Pierre and Marie Curie University (Now Sorbonne University) and Paris Diderot University started IRILL, a center for innovation and research initiative for free software.
Inria employs 3800 people. Among them are 1300 researchers, 1000 Ph.D. students and 500 postdoctorates.
Research edit
Inria does both theoretical and applied research in computer science. In the process, it has produced many widely used programs, such as
- Bigloo, a Scheme implementation
- CADP, a tool box for the verification of asynchronous concurrent systems
- Caml, a language from the ML family
- Caml Light and OCaml implementations
- Chorus, microkernel-based distributed operating system
- CompCert, verified C compiler for PowerPC, ARM and x86_32
- Contrail[2]
- Coq, a proof assistant
- CYCLADES, pioneered the use of datagrams, functional layering, and the end-to-end strategy.[3][4]
- Eigen (C++ library)
- Esterel, a programming language for State Automata
- Geneauto — code-generation from model[5]
- Graphite, a research platform for computer graphics, 3D modeling and numerical geometry
- Gudhi — A C++ library with Python interface for computational topology and topological data analysis[6]
- Le Lisp, a portable Lisp implementation
- medInria, a medical image processing software, popularly used for MRI images.[7]
- GNU MPFR, an arbitrary-precision floating-point library
- OpenViBE, a software platform dedicated to designing, testing and using brain–computer interfaces.
- Pharo, an open-source Smalltalk derived from Squeak [1].
- scikit-learn, a machine learning software package
- Scilab, a numerical computation software package
- SimGrid
- SmartEiffel, a free Eiffel compiler
- SOFA, an open source framework for multi-physics simulation with an emphasis on medical simulation.
- TOM, a pattern matching language
- ViSP, an open source visual servoing platform library
- XtreemFS[2]
- XtreemOS, a grid distributed operating system
- Zenon, an extensible automated theorem prover producing checkable proofs
Inria furthermore leads French AI Research, ranking 12th worldwide in 2019, based on accepted publications at the prestigious Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.[8]
History edit
During the summer of 1988, the INRIA connected its Sophia-Antipolis unit to the NSFNet via Princeton using a satellite link leased to France Telecom and MCI. The link became operational on 8 August 1988, and allowed INRIA researchers to access the US network and allowed NASA researchers access to an astronomical database based in Strasbourg. This was the first international connection to NSFNET and the first time that French networks were connected directly to a network using TCP/IP, the Internet protocol. The Internet in France was limited to research and education for some years to come.[9][10][11]
References edit
- ^ (in French) Décret No. 79-1158 du 27 décembre 1979 Création d'un institut national de recherches en informatique et en automatique (INRIA), établissement public à caractère administratif, placé sous la tutelle du ministre de l'industrie.
- ^ a b Versweyveld, Leslie (30 October 2012). . International Science Grid This Week (ISGTW). Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ Bennett, Richard (September 2009). "Designed for Change: End-to-End Arguments, Internet Innovation, and the Net Neutrality Debate" (PDF). Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. pp. 7, 11. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ "Between Stanford and Cyclades, a transatlantic perspective on the creation of Internet". Inria. 9 November 2020. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ "Geneauto / P toolset - The P toolset includes a code generation and verification framework for the languages supported by the TOPCASED environment". Scilab.
- ^ "Gudhi, INRIA".
- ^ "medInria".
- ^ "NeurIPS 2019 Stats". 18 December 2019.
- ^ "The path to digital literacy and network culture in France (1980s to 1990s)". The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories. Taylor & Francis. 2017. pp. 84–89. ISBN 978-1317607656.
- ^ [Et Dieu crea l'Internet, Christian Huitema, ISBN 2-212-08855-8, 1995, page 10]
- ^ Andrianarisoa, Menjanirina. "A brief history of the internet".
Further reading edit
- Beltran, Alain; Griset, Pascal (2007). Histoire d'un pionnier de l'informatique: 40 ans de recherche à l'Inria [Story of a computer pioneer: 40 years of research at INRIA] (in French). EDP Sciences. ISBN 978-2-86883-806-3.
External links edit
- Media related to INRIA at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in English)