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National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking

March 03, 2023

The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking is a four-year action plan that was established by the Government of Canada on June 6, 2012 to oppose human trafficking in Canada. In 2004, the government's Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons was mandated to create a national anti-human-trafficking plan, but the mandate went unfulfilled despite reminders from politicians and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Member of Parliament (MP) Joy Smith put forward motion C-153 in February 2007 to put a plan in place, and the House of Commons passed it unanimously. Smith began developing a proposal and released it in September 2010 under the title "Connecting the Dots". University of British Columbia law professor Benjamin Perrin helped guide Smith's writing of the proposal. Before the establishment of the NAP-CHT, a variety of people and organizations—including the 2009 and 2010 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Reports of the United States Department of State—criticized Canada for failing to have such a plan.

Joy Smith suggested the NAP-CHT to the House of Commons, prepared the initial proposal, advocated that it be implemented, and announced its establishment once it had been adopted.

During the 2011 Canadian federal election, Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada, promised to establish the NAP-CHT by 2012 and to invest CA$20 million into it. The Plan was established by the Government of Canada on schedule on June 28, 2012 with a budget of $25 million, $500,000 of which was to be used for supporting victims. The NAP-CHT's recommendations are divided into four categories called the "4 Ps": partnership, prevention, prosecution, and protection. Although Smith recommended that the government investigate ways in which prostitution law in Canada might be altered to emulate Sweden's Sex Purchase Act, thereby prosecuting those who purchase sexual acts and not those who perform them, the plan does not make any such legislative recommendations. The NAP-CHT replaced the IWG-TIP with the Human Trafficking Taskforce, chaired by Public Safety Canada and mandated with coordinating the plan's implementation and the generation of annual progress reports, to be made publicly available.

The National Action Plan was received positively by many, but not all, Canadian NGOs and law enforcement officials. Natasha Falle, founder and director of Sex Trade 101, said that, as an organization of sex trafficking victims, they were extremely pleased with the establishment of the NAP-CHT. When the Canadian government announced that the country's sex industry would no longer be allowed to employ foreign workers because of the risks of exploitation, abuse, and trafficking in that environment, Tim Lambrinos—leader of the Adult Entertainment Association of Canada—said that he might challenge the policy because he believed that the government was "destroying an industry [and] creating a labour shortage." Bethany Hastie of McGill University, Shae Invidiata of Free-Them, and Andrea Burkhart of ACT Alberta all criticized the plan for focusing too much on law enforcement and not enough on victim services.

Proposals

Background

 
When Joy Smith proposed the implementation of an anti-human-trafficking national action plan to the House of Commons (pictured) in 2007, the motion was passed unanimously.

In 2004, the Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons (IWG-TIP), the working group responsible for coordinating the Government of Canada's efforts against human trafficking, was mandated to create a national anti-human-trafficking plan.[1] On March 31 of that year, the IWG-TIP website was updated to state that it was meeting with academics and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) "to discuss various elements of a potential federal anti-trafficking strategy," but no more updates were forthcoming on the website for the next four years.[2] Politicians and NGOs proceeded to remind the IWG-TIP of its unfulfilled mandate for the eight years following 2004,[1] and the IWG-TIP continued to promise to establish such a plan.[3]

Joy Smith, Member of Parliament (MP) for Kildonan—St. Paul with the Conservative Party,[4] put forward motion C-153 in February 2007 to put in place a Canada-wide action plan to combat human trafficking, and the House of Commons passed the motion unanimously. Thomas Axworthy of the Toronto Star said that the unanimity of this decision demonstrated that the Harper government was just as dedicated to opposing human trafficking as was Barack Obama, President of the United States.[5] Early promoters of a Canadian anti-trafficking action plan hoped for up to $100 million in funding, which they argued would turn Canada into a world leader in the fight against human trafficking.[6] World Vision Canada began lobbying for a national human trafficking action plan in 2009.[7]

"Connecting the Dots"

Development

In September 2009, Smith's Bill C-268 successfully passed into law as An Act to amend the Criminal Code (minimum sentence for offences involving trafficking of persons under the age of eighteen years).[8] The following September,[9] she released "Connecting the Dots",[10] a national action plan proposal she had been working on for three years.[9] "Connecting the Dots" sought "to rescue and restore the victims and prosecute the offenders" of human trafficking; Smith intended it to address both trafficking within Canada and international trafficking into the country.[4] Smith announced several dozen specific recommendations for the proposed plan, one of which was to create an office to regularly evaluate national human trafficking opposition efforts and generate annual reports of their findings. Other recommendations were to increase funding for organizations that support human trafficking victims; to establish safe houses for victims in every Canadian province; to increase the use of Canada's human trafficking laws by educating police, judges, and lawyers about these relatively new laws; to initiate an extensive public relations campaign on the subject;[9] and to have the federal government coordinate its activities with provincial governments, Aboriginal leaders, NGOs, law enforcement agencies, and human trafficking survivors.[11]

Smith recommended that the Canadian government investigate ways in which prostitution law in Canada might be altered to emulate Sweden's 1999 Sex Purchase Act, which criminalizes purchasing and attempting to purchase sex in Sweden—whether in the context of brothels, massage parlors, or street prostitution. Human trafficking in Sweden has significantly decreased since the institution of the Sex Purchase Act, and Smith said that Canada "can adapt many concepts from [the Swedish] model concerning the demand for the sex trade."[9] Smith's proposal recommended that Canada, like Sweden, prosecute those who purchase sexual acts and not those who perform them.[11] Smith's recommendations were in keeping with a 2007 report released by the Standing Committee on the Status of Women, which stated that prostitutes should be considered exploitation victims and that prostitution has been demonstrated to engender human trafficking.[12]

Smith argued that Canadians convicted of child sexual abuse should not be permitted to travel outside Canada,[11] and that Canada should help combat the trafficking of children in other countries.[12] The "Connecting the Dots" document called for the institution of a "Connecting the Dots Day" at elementary schools for students in Grade 6, which Smith suggested would be the best grade in which to introduce the concept of human trafficking to students because younger children are increasingly at risk of being victimized.[13] She also recommended that the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) track foreign women who arrive alone in Canada for six months to ensure their safety from traffickers.[9] Smith said that she was "convinced that a federally led national action plan would address [the] challenges [of human trafficking] by implementing an integrated response to target the traffickers and provide relief and protection for the victims." She said that the plan needed to be integrated on a national level because human trafficking is a clandestine activity.[11] Smith advocated making the protection of victims central to the plan,[14] and recommended consulting First Nations communities about anti-human-trafficking efforts.[8] University of British Columbia law professor Benjamin Perrin[15] helped guide Smith's writing of "Connecting the Dots".[16]

Responses

Smith's proposal received strong endorsement from organizations that support human trafficking victims and from law enforcement agencies.[17] Marlene Jennings, a Liberal MP, praised Smith's proposal overall but argued that it did not sufficiently distinguish between human trafficking and prostitution. Smith responded that there is a clear correlation between the two issues. Callandra Cochrane of Citizens for Public Justice said that such a plan "has become an imperative in order to ensure the protection of victims and effectively combat human trafficking," but that Smith's proposal had "definite weaknesses that need to be strengthened."[8] Cochrane praised the document's suggestions that NGOs be granted funding, that efforts be coordinated with First Nations communities, that awareness-raising campaigns be initiated, and that immigration be regulated. She argued that "Connecting the Dots" was too focused on those who create the demand for sex trafficking and did not sufficiently address victim rehabilitation. Loly Rico of the Canadian Council for Refugees made the same complaint. Rico recommended that the proposal be amended to allow human trafficking victims to become permanent residents of Canada so they would be more effectively protected against being trafficked again.[8]

In October 2010,[18] Tara Teng used her position as Miss BC World[19] to meet with Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada, to discuss the possibility of implementing the NAP-CHT.[18] The day after their meeting, Teng received a letter from Harper stating that he was against human trafficking. Teng was disappointed that he did not have a more substantial response to their meeting, and she said that she "would like to see even more, to be very honest, from him as the person entrusted to protect the Canadian people."[19] In 2011, Teng—who was Miss Canada at the time—helped Smith promote the proposal while Teng was interning with Smith through Trinity Western University's Laurentian Leadership Centre.[20] Smith quoted William Wilberforce, an 18th-century British abolitionist, saying, "Having heard all of this you may choose to look the other way ... but you may never again say that you did not know."[11]

The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs voiced its support for Smith's proposal. Ron Evans, the assembly's Grand Chief, said that Smith's recommendations "bring attention to the fact that most vulnerable victims of domestic human trafficking and sexual exploitation are First Nations youth." Ottawa Victim Services executive director Steve Sullivan commended Smith and Perrin on their development of the proposal. Timea Nagy, a former human trafficking victim and the founder of Walk With Me[11] (an organization that supports human trafficking victims in Toronto),[21] said that she "felt a huge amount of relief" when she heard about the proposed NAP-CHT, and said, "It's time for Canada to have a National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking."[11]

 
The Salvation Army made recommendations for the NAP-CHT and was consulted by the government in the plan's development (Salvation Army officers pictured with Natasha Falle).

Eventually, Smith submitted "Connecting the Dots" to Harper.[14][n 1] In March 2012, she spoke about her proposal at a human-trafficking-themed conference hosted by the Sisters of Loretto at St. Michael's College.[22] Smith circulated a petition requesting that the House of Commons establish an anti-human-trafficking national action plan.[23] The Office for Systemic Justice, which is part of the Canadian Federation of Sisters of St. Joseph, released a report responding to "Connecting the Dots", commending Smith on her work and recommending that her proposal incorporate the Delphi Indicators of Human Trafficking, based on the Delphi method.[24] Additional recommendations for the plan were submitted by International Justice Mission (IJM) Canada, World Vision, the Alliance Against Modern Slavery (AAMS), Beyond Borders, The Salvation Army, Not for Sale Canada, the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada (EFC), ACT Alberta, and other NGOs.[25]

Criticism of Canada for lacking such a plan

Before the establishment of the National Action Plan, a variety of people and organizations—including First Nations, human trafficking victims, law enforcement, and victim service providers—criticized Canada for failing to have such a plan. Charles Momy, president of the Canadian Police Association, said that despite existing efforts from local law enforcement agencies, Canada lacked and required "a coordinated response to ensure the offenders are prosecuted, and put a stop to this modern day form of slavery."[11] In October 2008, John Fenn of Toronto's Streetlight Support Services expressed his frustration that there was still no national action plan on this subject despite the passing of the corresponding motion the previous year. Fenn said, "Even if we make a muck of the thing if we get started, let's get started." Benjamín Santamaria of Project Desert Roses, another Toronto-based organization, voiced the same complaint.[2]

 
Before the NAP-CHT was established, University of British Columbia law professor Benjamin Perrin said that, "while traffickers have a plan, Canada doesn't."

In 2009, the United States Department of State annual Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report was released at a news conference at the American consulate in Vancouver; it criticized the Government of Canada for failing to have a national action plan to address human trafficking. At the conference, Perrin, who was named in the report as one of the world's ten anti-human-trafficking heroes, called for Harper "to announce that he will enact a national action plan to combat human trafficking to follow up on the measures that his government has already taken."[15] Perrin said that Canada's lack of a plan made the country look bad internationally and prevents the issue from being adequately addressed.[26] Perrin said that the establishment of a national action plan on this issue "should be a priority for our federal government to end this atrocious crime that is flourishing in Canada." He wrote the book Invisible Chains: Canada's Underground World of Human Trafficking and said that a national anti-human-trafficking plan is necessary if the country is to be free and just.[11] Perrin said that his book, which was published within three weeks of the release of "Connecting the Dots",[27] "shows that while traffickers have a plan, Canada doesn't."[16]

The 2010 TIP report also condemned Canada's lack of a national action plan, and said that Canada is a destination, source, and transit country for forced prostitution, unfree labour, the prostitution of children, and other forms of human trafficking. The report said that the federal and provincial governments of Canada were not cooperating sufficiently with respect to policing these crimes, and that a strategy for cooperation should be formulated in a national action plan. York Regional Police vice unit Detective Thai Truong agreed with the report's assessment, and said that "a unified understanding and approach" to human trafficking "does not even exist at the municipal level of policing" in Canada.[26] Also in 2010, retired Toronto Police Service officer Dave Perry said that Canada's lack of a national action plan had resulted in the country failing to adequately deal with North Preston's Finest, a gang that engages in sex trafficking between Nova Scotia and Toronto. Perry had led a police taskforce against the gang in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but he said that without a national action plan, politicians lost interest in the endeavour and funding ran out. Perry stated that a plan would need to be well-funded because traffickers in Canada are making "big, big money ... and the only way you can combat that is with a pretty healthy budget."[26]

York University professor Natalya Timoshkina, who was part of two research studies about human trafficking in Canada, said that the United States was combatting human trafficking much more effectively than Canada was. Timoshkina said that Canada's responses to human trafficking have been sporadic and that, even if a national action plan was implemented, Canada needed to begin engaging with other countries on this issue.[26] In February 2011, Shae Invidiata of Free-Them—a Canadian organization that raises awareness about human trafficking—said it was "mind blowing [that] currently we do not have a national action plan to combat human trafficking in Canada."[28]

Preparations by the federal government

 
Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada, promised during the 2011 Canadian federal election that he would establish the NAP-CHT by 2012, and he did.

During the 2011 Canadian federal election,[7] Harper promised to establish the NAP-CHT by 2012 and to invest $20 million into it.[29] The annual budget of British Columbia's Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons (OCTIP) was reduced by $200,000 a few months later.[30] OCTIP was Canada's only provincial government agency responsible for coordinating efforts to address human trafficking.[31] The federal government held a round table to determine the contents of the NAP-CHT. Carleen McGuinty, child protection specialist for the Christian NGO World Vision Canada, said at the discussion that the NAP-CHT should focus on the needs of children and that the plan should not emphasize child sexual abuse to the exclusion of addressing child labour. Smith said that she was confident that Harper would have her review the plan before it was established.[14] The government consulted ACT Alberta,[32] The Salvation Army, and the AAMS in the development of the plan.[33]

Establishment

Announcement

The plan was established by the Government of Canada on June 6, 2012 with a four-year budget of $25 million,[34] $500,000 of which was to be used for supporting victims.[35] The establishment was announced simultaneously in three Canadian cities. Smith made the announcement in Vancouver. In Ottawa, the announcement was made by Rona Ambrose, Minister responsible for the Status of Women and Minister of Public Works and Government Services; and Vic Toews, Minister of Public Safety. Steven Blaney, Minister of Veterans Affairs, was the announcer in Montreal.[34]

 
Rona Ambrose, Minister responsible for the Status of Women, called the NAP-CHT an "important step to ensure the safety and security of women and girls across Canada".

Ambrose called the plan an "important step to ensure the safety and security of women and girls across Canada who are being targeted for sexual exploitation by violent traffickers".[34] Toews said that the need to establish the NAP-CHT was demonstrated by the ongoing legal proceedings regarding the Domotor-Kolompar criminal organization, Canada's largest human trafficking case to date.[36] Smith said that the plan was an important step in the process of increasing the number of human-trafficking-related cases that go before court.[37] Smith said that the NAP-CHT would not be independently sufficient to end human trafficking in the country because this crime can only be effectively combatted when the country's citizens are united against it; she therefore recommended the establishment of a National Human Trafficking Awareness Day on February 22 to help raise awareness.[38]

Contents

The plan states that human trafficking "is often described as a modern form of slavery,"[39] but that no one knows how prevalent it is in Canada.[40] The NAP-CHT also says that women and girls are the most common victims of human trafficking.[41] Randy Hoback, MP for Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, said that the goals of the action plan included "enhancing the response of law enforcement and the justice system to cases of missing and murdered Aboriginal women and girls and supporting culturally appropriate victim's services."[41] The NAP-CHT document states that there had been 25 human-trafficking-specific convictions in Canada prior to April 2012, and that 41 people had been victims of those 25 crimes.[42]

The plan's recommendations are divided into four categories called the "4 Ps": partnership, prevention, prosecution, and protection.[43] Included in the plan are action items with measurable goals.[44] The plan encompasses support for victims, the increase of law enforcement across the country, and the consolidation of existing anti-human-trafficking efforts. The plan also outlines novel initiatives to more effectively prosecute perpetrators, identify and protect their victims, prevent further crimes, and engage in international partnership.[34] There is a specific commitment to participate in international child protection.[45] The NAP-CHT instituted the Human Trafficking Taskforce, chaired by Public Safety Canada and mandated with coordinating the plan's implementation and the generation of annual progress reports,[46] which were to be made publicly available.[47] This taskforce replaced the IWG-TIP, which had been tasked solely with information sharing.[46] The new taskforce involves 18 federal government departments. Public Safety Canada called the NAP-CHT "a comprehensive blueprint to guide the Government of Canada's fight against the serious crime of human trafficking."[34]

It introduced training for police officers and anti-human-trafficking service providers in communities that are particularly susceptible to human trafficking.[34] The plan also includes an increase in training for prosecutors, border guards,[36] and judges.[43] The plan launched a nationally integrated law enforcement team tasked specifically with combatting human trafficking, the first of its kind in Canada.[34] The team combines the forces of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), CBSA, and local police. Due to difficulties encountered by Canadian law enforcement when investigating human trafficking before the establishment of the NAP-CHT, this model of law enforcement integration, emulating successful teams combatting human trafficking in the United States, was included. This law enforcement integration model is intended to optimize information sharing and facilitate proactive investigation. The NAP-CHT allocates substantial funds to the RCMP Human Trafficking National Coordination Centre (HTNCC),[43] which is based in Ottawa.[48]

Also included in the plan is an outline for raising awareness about human trafficking across Canada.[34] The plan specifically mentions TruckSTOP, a campaign of Persons Against the Crime of Trafficking in Humans Ottawa, as being integral to the plan.[32] According to the plan, the CBSA is responsible for informing foreigners about human trafficking because of their increased vulnerability.[48] The plan includes a provision for the government to partner with NGOs that oppose human trafficking.[49] Although Smith said that human trafficking would be more effectively combatted if Canada's prostitution laws were reformed to align with those of Sweden, criminalizing the purchasing rather than the selling of sex, the NAP-CHT does not make such legislative recommendations.[50] The plan enables immigration officers to issue temporary residence permits to foreigners victimized by human trafficking in Canada, thereby providing these victims with opportunities to receive aid.[48]

Implementation

 
Jason Kenney, Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, said in 2012 that he hoped that Canada's new policy of not allowing the country's sex industry to employ foreign workers would strengthen the NAP-CHT.

The plan came into force on June 28, 2012.[51] After the establishment of the national action plan, British Columbia established a provincial action plan informed by the national one to coordinate its anti-human-trafficking efforts with the federal government's. OCTIP then became involved in implementing the national and provincial action plans.[52] The provincial action plan, published in March 2013, states that contributing to development of the NAP-CHT through consultation and information sharing was an immediate priority.[53]

The month after the plan took effect, the Canadian government announced that the country's sex industry would no longer be allowed to employ foreign workers because of the risks of exploitation, abuse, and trafficking in that environment. As part of this policy, the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada stopped issuing new temporary work permits for foreigners seeking work with escort agencies, massage parlours, and strip clubs. Jason Kenney, Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, said that he hoped that the NAP-CHT would be strengthened by this new policy, and said that its purpose was to protect foreigners "from what they might not know will happen to them when they get to Canada."[54] That November, Status of Women Canada sought to support the NAP-CHT by soliciting the public for proposals of how to best support community organizations that serve female victims of sex trafficking—the most common victims of this form of trafficking.[55] In late 2012, Smith launched the Joy Smith Foundation as a follow-up to the NAP-CHT; this nonpartisan, apolitical foundation is dedicated to raising awareness about human trafficking and providing support to human trafficking victims with counselling, housing, and clothing.[56]

The Canadian government spent more than $6 million on actions related to the NAP-CHT in 2013.[37] In September of that year, Kellie Leitch, Minister responsible for the Status of Women and Minister of Labour, announced that the government would give the Women's Support Network of York Region $200,000 to initiate a project aimed at eradicating human trafficking in the Regional Municipality of York, and she appealed to the NAP-CHT when making the announcement.[57] In February 2013, the Toronto City Council decided to coordinate its anti-human-trafficking efforts with the NAP-CHT.[58] That May, during a meeting of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations Headquarters in New York City that was convened to discuss the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, the Canadian delegation spoke about the NAP-CHT.[59]

Reactions

To the plan's establishment

The establishment of the plan was received positively by many Canadian NGOs and law enforcement officials.[33] Within a day of its establishment, the plan had received support from the parents of human trafficking victims. Glendene Grant, mother of missing human trafficking victim Jessie Foster, said, "From the bottom of my heart, I would like to thank the government of Canada for their development and launch of the Canadian National Action Plan to Combat the Crime of Human Trafficking, making our country one of the leaders in the fight against this crime."[60] Around the same time, the EFC voiced its support for the plan, specifically praising the commitments to create a national human trafficking law enforcement taskforce, to raise awareness, to invest in prevention, to care for victims, and to consult with stakeholders on an ongoing basis. The EFC's policy analyst Julia Beazley said that the organization was "particularly pleased with the proposals aimed at combatting sexual exploitation, and with the focus given to our Aboriginal communities, which are particularly vulnerable to trafficking."[60]

 
United States Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons Luis CdeBaca said that the NAP-CHT shows "the international community what an effective anti-trafficking strategy looks like."

Luis CdeBaca, United States Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, said, "With the announcement of a new national action plan, Canada is showing the international community what an effective anti-trafficking strategy looks like."[61] Nagy said that she was "absolutely thrilled" with the establishment of the plan. Invidiata said that she and many others "stand proud to be Canadian" because of the announcement of the NAP-CHT's "important measures to protect our women and children in Canada." Natasha Falle, founder and director of Sex Trade 101, said that, as an organization of sex trafficking victims, they were extremely pleased with the establishment of the NAP-CHT. She said that she and the other members of Sex Trade 101 "have been collectively afraid, raped, beaten, sold, discarded [so] we are forever grateful to MP Joy Smith for being a voice for those who are not allowed to speak out."[33]

Brian Venables, Divisional Secretary for Public Relations and Development for the British Columbia Division of The Salvation Army, said, "We welcome a plan that enhances the support for the victims of these horrible crimes ... and are pleased to have been part of the plan's development." He also praised the plan's outline of how to educate the public on the subject of human trafficking and how the police and the judiciary should cooperate on the subject. Brian McConaghy of Ratanak International said that he was pleased to see the NAP-CHT established and that the plan's framework is necessary to protect those at risk of being trafficked. Sister Nancy Brown of Covenant House British Columbia said that her organization was in support of the NAP-CHT and Smith's efforts to combat human trafficking. The Servants Anonymous Society's chief financial officer, Dominique Machefert, said that her organization "applauds the Conservative Government for taking the issue of human trafficking seriously and for executing the necessary steps to enact the National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking."[33]

A common criticism of the plan is that it is not victim-centric and that its support for victims is insufficient. Bethany Hastie of McGill University said that the HTNCC had a good track record of intelligence assessment and awareness-raising with respect to human trafficking, and she therefore approved of the plan's funding of the HTNCC. She was critical of the plan's emphasis on law enforcement, saying that "the crime-fighting focus of the plan has unfortunately detracted from ... victim services." She said that more attention to victim services was necessary because most Canadian provinces were employing only ad-hoc methods of supporting victims, often omitting important elements such as legal aid and situation-appropriate shelter.[43] A few weeks after the establishment of the NAP-CHT, Dean Allison, MP for Niagara West—Glanbrook, Ontario travelled to Cambodia and Thailand to learn more about human trafficking as part of a parliamentary delegation with World Vision Canada, and he said that his meetings there convinced him "that we are on the right track in Canada with our National Action Plan."[62]

 
UNICEF Canada recommended that Canadians write to Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews to ensure that youth and children would be the plans's foremost priorities.

In October 2012, the Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children (CCRC) said that it approved of Canada's adoption of the plan, but was reserving judgement on whether the new Human Trafficking Taskforce would be more effective than the body it replaced.[46] The CCRC criticized the NAP-CHT for including "few specific strategies for children and no mention of strengthening respect for children's rights as part of prevention."[45] The CCRC also said that the NAP-CHT lacks recognition of the responsibilities Canada has according to the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. The coalition therefore recommended that the plan be amended to include mandatory sentencing for traffickers of children, and to provide for collaboration with youth organizations.[45]

Also in October 2012, Jamie McIntosh of IJM Canada said that his organization supports the NAP-CHT, and that the plan's promises to participate in international child protection would be best fulfilled by apprehending and prosecuting Canadians who engage in child sex tourism and child trafficking in other countries. McIntosh recommended that this work be focused on Cambodia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, the Philippines, and Thailand because these countries are particularly vulnerable to Canadian traffickers. He also recommended focusing on these countries because Canadians have been caught participating in child sex tourism there; McIntosh made specific reference to the cases of Kenneth Klassen and Donald Bakker.[63]

In response to the plan, Chab Dai Canada initiated the Canadian Freedom Registry Project "to promote and enable the implementation of ... Canada’s National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking ... focusing specifically on partnership." Chab Dai sought to research ways to improve anti-human-trafficking activities in Canada and to facilitate information sharing between anti-human-trafficking organisations and the federal and provincial governments.[51] In April 2013, a troika of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights composed of Brazil, the Philippines, and the Republic of Ireland released a report reviewing Canada as part of that year's Universal Periodic Review; the report highlighted the establishment of the NAP-CHT as a positive achievement.[64] UNICEF Canada approved of the establishment of the NAP-CHT, and encouraged Canadians to write letters to politicians asking them to make sure that youth and children are the plan's foremost priorities. The politicians UNICEF recommended that people write to Harper, Toews, Kenney, and Rob Nicholson, the Minister of Justice.[65]

To the plan's implementation

A month after the plan's establishment, Public Service Alliance of Canada Prairies Regional Executive Vice-President Marianne Hladun wrote an open letter to Brad Trost, MP for Saskatoon—Humboldt, saying that, while she approved of the NAP-CHT, the government was being inconsistent in its treatment of human trafficking because it had recently announced that it would be eliminating four CBSA intelligence officer positions, thereby dismissing four people who were already doing effective anti-human-trafficking work.[66] When it was announced that foreign workers would no longer be issued permits for work in Canada's sex industry, Tim Lambrinos, leader of the Adult Entertainment Association of Canada, said that he might challenge the policy because he believed that "strip clubs are a very safe environment" and that the government was "destroying an industry [and] creating a labour shortage."[54] At Toronto's third annual Walk for Freedom in September 2012, Shae Invidiata criticized the NAP-CHT for allotting only $500,000 to victim services, saying, "I'm very grateful, but we need more."[35] Smith also said that the $500,000 allotted to support victims was insufficient. She said that many of these organizations "still struggle to provide basic care for victims of human trafficking" and that there should be a "considerable increase in support from the federal and provincial governments for these organizations."[44]

In June 2013, on the first anniversary of the plan's establishment, a variety of NGOs released a joint report about the NAP-CHT. In this report, Don Hutchinson, vice president of the EFC, said that "continuing focused implementation of the Action Plan is essential to Canadians doing our part to put an end to this travesty." Michael Maidment, director of federal government relations for The Salvation Army, wrote that the plan was important and sends a message to traffickers about the government's commitment to end human trafficking. Andrea Burkhart, on behalf of ACT Alberta, wrote that victim support funding needed to increase. Karlee Sapoznik, president of the AAMS, criticized the NAP-CHT for ignoring the country's "crucial lack of research and data," writing that "we need sustained research on the nature of human trafficking within and involving Canada."[25] Nonetheless, she said that her organization was pleased to have been consulted in the development of the plan.[33]

That July, Stefan Lehmeier, a World Vision Canada Senior Policy Advisor for Child Protection, said that World Vision was pleased with the establishment of the NAP-CHT and with Canadian politicians' level of interest in the plan. He said that "there has been progress in combating human trafficking" as a result of the NAP-CHT, but he criticized the country for not doing more with the new information that the plan has exposed, saying that "we haven't seen the number of convictions we wanted to see." Lehmeier said that the RCMP should collaborate more with law enforcement agencies in Southeast Asia to address the issue of Canadians participating in sex tourism there.[67]

In September, Jennifer Lucking of Walk With Me encouraged Canadians to write to their members of parliament to make sure that the promises outlined in the plan come to fruition.[21] In preparation for 2013 Walk for Freedom, Invidiata said she was glad that the NAP-CHT had come into existence, but that the related funds should be released in a different way.[68]

Notes

  1. ^ Sources do not specify when the proposal was submitted to Harper, but it was no earlier than February 2007 and no later than April 2012.

References

  1. ^ a b . United States Department of State. 2012. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
  2. ^ a b Tamara Cherry (October 1, 2008). "Canada turns its back on victims: 'If you compare what the U.S. is doing to what Canada is doing, it's shameful'". Toronto Sun. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
  3. ^ . University of British Columbia. October 28, 2008. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Joy Smith (January 27, 2011). "Canadians being trafficked here at home". Winnipeg Sun. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  5. ^ Thomas S. Axworthy (February 11, 2009). "Canada can join Obama to end human trafficking". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  6. ^ Jim Coggins (May 2007). "Canadian activists pursue today's slavers". CanadianChristianity.com. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Jessica Murphy (June 5, 2012). "Feds to announce human trafficking action plan". Canoe.ca. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d Callandra Cochrane (November 1, 2010). . Citizens for Public Justice. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
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Bibliography

  • "BC's Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Justice. March 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  • (PDF). Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children. October 5, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.

External links

  • Official website
  • Full PDF version
  • Joy Smith's selected highlights
  • Connecting the Dots
  • Regulations Amending the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

March 03, 2023
national, action, plan, combat, human, trafficking, four, year, action, plan, that, established, government, canada, june, 2012, oppose, human, trafficking, canada, 2004, government, interdepartmental, working, group, trafficking, persons, mandated, create, na. The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking is a four year action plan that was established by the Government of Canada on June 6 2012 to oppose human trafficking in Canada In 2004 the government s Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons was mandated to create a national anti human trafficking plan but the mandate went unfulfilled despite reminders from politicians and non governmental organizations NGOs Member of Parliament MP Joy Smith put forward motion C 153 in February 2007 to put a plan in place and the House of Commons passed it unanimously Smith began developing a proposal and released it in September 2010 under the title Connecting the Dots University of British Columbia law professor Benjamin Perrin helped guide Smith s writing of the proposal Before the establishment of the NAP CHT a variety of people and organizations including the 2009 and 2010 Trafficking in Persons TIP Reports of the United States Department of State criticized Canada for failing to have such a plan Joy Smith suggested the NAP CHT to the House of Commons prepared the initial proposal advocated that it be implemented and announced its establishment once it had been adopted During the 2011 Canadian federal election Stephen Harper Prime Minister of Canada promised to establish the NAP CHT by 2012 and to invest CA 20 million into it The Plan was established by the Government of Canada on schedule on June 28 2012 with a budget of 25 million 500 000 of which was to be used for supporting victims The NAP CHT s recommendations are divided into four categories called the 4 Ps partnership prevention prosecution and protection Although Smith recommended that the government investigate ways in which prostitution law in Canada might be altered to emulate Sweden s Sex Purchase Act thereby prosecuting those who purchase sexual acts and not those who perform them the plan does not make any such legislative recommendations The NAP CHT replaced the IWG TIP with the Human Trafficking Taskforce chaired by Public Safety Canada and mandated with coordinating the plan s implementation and the generation of annual progress reports to be made publicly available The National Action Plan was received positively by many but not all Canadian NGOs and law enforcement officials Natasha Falle founder and director of Sex Trade 101 said that as an organization of sex trafficking victims they were extremely pleased with the establishment of the NAP CHT When the Canadian government announced that the country s sex industry would no longer be allowed to employ foreign workers because of the risks of exploitation abuse and trafficking in that environment Tim Lambrinos leader of the Adult Entertainment Association of Canada said that he might challenge the policy because he believed that the government was destroying an industry and creating a labour shortage Bethany Hastie of McGill University Shae Invidiata of Free Them and Andrea Burkhart of ACT Alberta all criticized the plan for focusing too much on law enforcement and not enough on victim services Contents 1 Proposals 1 1 Background 1 2 Connecting the Dots 1 2 1 Development 1 2 2 Responses 2 Criticism of Canada for lacking such a plan 3 Preparations by the federal government 4 Establishment 4 1 Announcement 4 2 Contents 4 3 Implementation 5 Reactions 5 1 To the plan s establishment 5 2 To the plan s implementation 6 Notes 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksProposals EditBackground Edit When Joy Smith proposed the implementation of an anti human trafficking national action plan to the House of Commons pictured in 2007 the motion was passed unanimously In 2004 the Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons IWG TIP the working group responsible for coordinating the Government of Canada s efforts against human trafficking was mandated to create a national anti human trafficking plan 1 On March 31 of that year the IWG TIP website was updated to state that it was meeting with academics and non governmental organizations NGOs to discuss various elements of a potential federal anti trafficking strategy but no more updates were forthcoming on the website for the next four years 2 Politicians and NGOs proceeded to remind the IWG TIP of its unfulfilled mandate for the eight years following 2004 1 and the IWG TIP continued to promise to establish such a plan 3 Joy Smith Member of Parliament MP for Kildonan St Paul with the Conservative Party 4 put forward motion C 153 in February 2007 to put in place a Canada wide action plan to combat human trafficking and the House of Commons passed the motion unanimously Thomas Axworthy of the Toronto Star said that the unanimity of this decision demonstrated that the Harper government was just as dedicated to opposing human trafficking as was Barack Obama President of the United States 5 Early promoters of a Canadian anti trafficking action plan hoped for up to 100 million in funding which they argued would turn Canada into a world leader in the fight against human trafficking 6 World Vision Canada began lobbying for a national human trafficking action plan in 2009 7 Connecting the Dots Edit Development Edit In September 2009 Smith s Bill C 268 successfully passed into law as An Act to amend the Criminal Code minimum sentence for offences involving trafficking of persons under the age of eighteen years 8 The following September 9 she released Connecting the Dots 10 a national action plan proposal she had been working on for three years 9 Connecting the Dots sought to rescue and restore the victims and prosecute the offenders of human trafficking Smith intended it to address both trafficking within Canada and international trafficking into the country 4 Smith announced several dozen specific recommendations for the proposed plan one of which was to create an office to regularly evaluate national human trafficking opposition efforts and generate annual reports of their findings Other recommendations were to increase funding for organizations that support human trafficking victims to establish safe houses for victims in every Canadian province to increase the use of Canada s human trafficking laws by educating police judges and lawyers about these relatively new laws to initiate an extensive public relations campaign on the subject 9 and to have the federal government coordinate its activities with provincial governments Aboriginal leaders NGOs law enforcement agencies and human trafficking survivors 11 Smith recommended that the Canadian government investigate ways in which prostitution law in Canada might be altered to emulate Sweden s 1999 Sex Purchase Act which criminalizes purchasing and attempting to purchase sex in Sweden whether in the context of brothels massage parlors or street prostitution Human trafficking in Sweden has significantly decreased since the institution of the Sex Purchase Act and Smith said that Canada can adapt many concepts from the Swedish model concerning the demand for the sex trade 9 Smith s proposal recommended that Canada like Sweden prosecute those who purchase sexual acts and not those who perform them 11 Smith s recommendations were in keeping with a 2007 report released by the Standing Committee on the Status of Women which stated that prostitutes should be considered exploitation victims and that prostitution has been demonstrated to engender human trafficking 12 Smith argued that Canadians convicted of child sexual abuse should not be permitted to travel outside Canada 11 and that Canada should help combat the trafficking of children in other countries 12 The Connecting the Dots document called for the institution of a Connecting the Dots Day at elementary schools for students in Grade 6 which Smith suggested would be the best grade in which to introduce the concept of human trafficking to students because younger children are increasingly at risk of being victimized 13 She also recommended that the Canada Border Services Agency CBSA track foreign women who arrive alone in Canada for six months to ensure their safety from traffickers 9 Smith said that she was convinced that a federally led national action plan would address the challenges of human trafficking by implementing an integrated response to target the traffickers and provide relief and protection for the victims She said that the plan needed to be integrated on a national level because human trafficking is a clandestine activity 11 Smith advocated making the protection of victims central to the plan 14 and recommended consulting First Nations communities about anti human trafficking efforts 8 University of British Columbia law professor Benjamin Perrin 15 helped guide Smith s writing of Connecting the Dots 16 Responses Edit Smith s proposal received strong endorsement from organizations that support human trafficking victims and from law enforcement agencies 17 Marlene Jennings a Liberal MP praised Smith s proposal overall but argued that it did not sufficiently distinguish between human trafficking and prostitution Smith responded that there is a clear correlation between the two issues Callandra Cochrane of Citizens for Public Justice said that such a plan has become an imperative in order to ensure the protection of victims and effectively combat human trafficking but that Smith s proposal had definite weaknesses that need to be strengthened 8 Cochrane praised the document s suggestions that NGOs be granted funding that efforts be coordinated with First Nations communities that awareness raising campaigns be initiated and that immigration be regulated She argued that Connecting the Dots was too focused on those who create the demand for sex trafficking and did not sufficiently address victim rehabilitation Loly Rico of the Canadian Council for Refugees made the same complaint Rico recommended that the proposal be amended to allow human trafficking victims to become permanent residents of Canada so they would be more effectively protected against being trafficked again 8 In October 2010 18 Tara Teng used her position as Miss BC World 19 to meet with Stephen Harper Prime Minister of Canada to discuss the possibility of implementing the NAP CHT 18 The day after their meeting Teng received a letter from Harper stating that he was against human trafficking Teng was disappointed that he did not have a more substantial response to their meeting and she said that she would like to see even more to be very honest from him as the person entrusted to protect the Canadian people 19 In 2011 Teng who was Miss Canada at the time helped Smith promote the proposal while Teng was interning with Smith through Trinity Western University s Laurentian Leadership Centre 20 Smith quoted William Wilberforce an 18th century British abolitionist saying Having heard all of this you may choose to look the other way but you may never again say that you did not know 11 The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs voiced its support for Smith s proposal Ron Evans the assembly s Grand Chief said that Smith s recommendations bring attention to the fact that most vulnerable victims of domestic human trafficking and sexual exploitation are First Nations youth Ottawa Victim Services executive director Steve Sullivan commended Smith and Perrin on their development of the proposal Timea Nagy a former human trafficking victim and the founder of Walk With Me 11 an organization that supports human trafficking victims in Toronto 21 said that she felt a huge amount of relief when she heard about the proposed NAP CHT and said It s time for Canada to have a National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking 11 The Salvation Army made recommendations for the NAP CHT and was consulted by the government in the plan s development Salvation Army officers pictured with Natasha Falle Eventually Smith submitted Connecting the Dots to Harper 14 n 1 In March 2012 she spoke about her proposal at a human trafficking themed conference hosted by the Sisters of Loretto at St Michael s College 22 Smith circulated a petition requesting that the House of Commons establish an anti human trafficking national action plan 23 The Office for Systemic Justice which is part of the Canadian Federation of Sisters of St Joseph released a report responding to Connecting the Dots commending Smith on her work and recommending that her proposal incorporate the Delphi Indicators of Human Trafficking based on the Delphi method 24 Additional recommendations for the plan were submitted by International Justice Mission IJM Canada World Vision the Alliance Against Modern Slavery AAMS Beyond Borders The Salvation Army Not for Sale Canada the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada EFC ACT Alberta and other NGOs 25 Criticism of Canada for lacking such a plan EditBefore the establishment of the National Action Plan a variety of people and organizations including First Nations human trafficking victims law enforcement and victim service providers criticized Canada for failing to have such a plan Charles Momy president of the Canadian Police Association said that despite existing efforts from local law enforcement agencies Canada lacked and required a coordinated response to ensure the offenders are prosecuted and put a stop to this modern day form of slavery 11 In October 2008 John Fenn of Toronto s Streetlight Support Services expressed his frustration that there was still no national action plan on this subject despite the passing of the corresponding motion the previous year Fenn said Even if we make a muck of the thing if we get started let s get started Benjamin Santamaria of Project Desert Roses another Toronto based organization voiced the same complaint 2 Before the NAP CHT was established University of British Columbia law professor Benjamin Perrin said that while traffickers have a plan Canada doesn t In 2009 the United States Department of State annual Trafficking in Persons TIP Report was released at a news conference at the American consulate in Vancouver it criticized the Government of Canada for failing to have a national action plan to address human trafficking At the conference Perrin who was named in the report as one of the world s ten anti human trafficking heroes called for Harper to announce that he will enact a national action plan to combat human trafficking to follow up on the measures that his government has already taken 15 Perrin said that Canada s lack of a plan made the country look bad internationally and prevents the issue from being adequately addressed 26 Perrin said that the establishment of a national action plan on this issue should be a priority for our federal government to end this atrocious crime that is flourishing in Canada He wrote the book Invisible Chains Canada s Underground World of Human Trafficking and said that a national anti human trafficking plan is necessary if the country is to be free and just 11 Perrin said that his book which was published within three weeks of the release of Connecting the Dots 27 shows that while traffickers have a plan Canada doesn t 16 The 2010 TIP report also condemned Canada s lack of a national action plan and said that Canada is a destination source and transit country for forced prostitution unfree labour the prostitution of children and other forms of human trafficking The report said that the federal and provincial governments of Canada were not cooperating sufficiently with respect to policing these crimes and that a strategy for cooperation should be formulated in a national action plan York Regional Police vice unit Detective Thai Truong agreed with the report s assessment and said that a unified understanding and approach to human trafficking does not even exist at the municipal level of policing in Canada 26 Also in 2010 retired Toronto Police Service officer Dave Perry said that Canada s lack of a national action plan had resulted in the country failing to adequately deal with North Preston s Finest a gang that engages in sex trafficking between Nova Scotia and Toronto Perry had led a police taskforce against the gang in the late 1980s and early 1990s but he said that without a national action plan politicians lost interest in the endeavour and funding ran out Perry stated that a plan would need to be well funded because traffickers in Canada are making big big money and the only way you can combat that is with a pretty healthy budget 26 York University professor Natalya Timoshkina who was part of two research studies about human trafficking in Canada said that the United States was combatting human trafficking much more effectively than Canada was Timoshkina said that Canada s responses to human trafficking have been sporadic and that even if a national action plan was implemented Canada needed to begin engaging with other countries on this issue 26 In February 2011 Shae Invidiata of Free Them a Canadian organization that raises awareness about human trafficking said it was mind blowing that currently we do not have a national action plan to combat human trafficking in Canada 28 Preparations by the federal government Edit Stephen Harper Prime Minister of Canada promised during the 2011 Canadian federal election that he would establish the NAP CHT by 2012 and he did During the 2011 Canadian federal election 7 Harper promised to establish the NAP CHT by 2012 and to invest 20 million into it 29 The annual budget of British Columbia s Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons OCTIP was reduced by 200 000 a few months later 30 OCTIP was Canada s only provincial government agency responsible for coordinating efforts to address human trafficking 31 The federal government held a round table to determine the contents of the NAP CHT Carleen McGuinty child protection specialist for the Christian NGO World Vision Canada said at the discussion that the NAP CHT should focus on the needs of children and that the plan should not emphasize child sexual abuse to the exclusion of addressing child labour Smith said that she was confident that Harper would have her review the plan before it was established 14 The government consulted ACT Alberta 32 The Salvation Army and the AAMS in the development of the plan 33 Establishment EditAnnouncement Edit The plan was established by the Government of Canada on June 6 2012 with a four year budget of 25 million 34 500 000 of which was to be used for supporting victims 35 The establishment was announced simultaneously in three Canadian cities Smith made the announcement in Vancouver In Ottawa the announcement was made by Rona Ambrose Minister responsible for the Status of Women and Minister of Public Works and Government Services and Vic Toews Minister of Public Safety Steven Blaney Minister of Veterans Affairs was the announcer in Montreal 34 Rona Ambrose Minister responsible for the Status of Women called the NAP CHT an important step to ensure the safety and security of women and girls across Canada Ambrose called the plan an important step to ensure the safety and security of women and girls across Canada who are being targeted for sexual exploitation by violent traffickers 34 Toews said that the need to establish the NAP CHT was demonstrated by the ongoing legal proceedings regarding the Domotor Kolompar criminal organization Canada s largest human trafficking case to date 36 Smith said that the plan was an important step in the process of increasing the number of human trafficking related cases that go before court 37 Smith said that the NAP CHT would not be independently sufficient to end human trafficking in the country because this crime can only be effectively combatted when the country s citizens are united against it she therefore recommended the establishment of a National Human Trafficking Awareness Day on February 22 to help raise awareness 38 Contents Edit The plan states that human trafficking is often described as a modern form of slavery 39 but that no one knows how prevalent it is in Canada 40 The NAP CHT also says that women and girls are the most common victims of human trafficking 41 Randy Hoback MP for Prince Albert Saskatchewan said that the goals of the action plan included enhancing the response of law enforcement and the justice system to cases of missing and murdered Aboriginal women and girls and supporting culturally appropriate victim s services 41 The NAP CHT document states that there had been 25 human trafficking specific convictions in Canada prior to April 2012 and that 41 people had been victims of those 25 crimes 42 The plan s recommendations are divided into four categories called the 4 Ps partnership prevention prosecution and protection 43 Included in the plan are action items with measurable goals 44 The plan encompasses support for victims the increase of law enforcement across the country and the consolidation of existing anti human trafficking efforts The plan also outlines novel initiatives to more effectively prosecute perpetrators identify and protect their victims prevent further crimes and engage in international partnership 34 There is a specific commitment to participate in international child protection 45 The NAP CHT instituted the Human Trafficking Taskforce chaired by Public Safety Canada and mandated with coordinating the plan s implementation and the generation of annual progress reports 46 which were to be made publicly available 47 This taskforce replaced the IWG TIP which had been tasked solely with information sharing 46 The new taskforce involves 18 federal government departments Public Safety Canada called the NAP CHT a comprehensive blueprint to guide the Government of Canada s fight against the serious crime of human trafficking 34 It introduced training for police officers and anti human trafficking service providers in communities that are particularly susceptible to human trafficking 34 The plan also includes an increase in training for prosecutors border guards 36 and judges 43 The plan launched a nationally integrated law enforcement team tasked specifically with combatting human trafficking the first of its kind in Canada 34 The team combines the forces of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCMP CBSA and local police Due to difficulties encountered by Canadian law enforcement when investigating human trafficking before the establishment of the NAP CHT this model of law enforcement integration emulating successful teams combatting human trafficking in the United States was included This law enforcement integration model is intended to optimize information sharing and facilitate proactive investigation The NAP CHT allocates substantial funds to the RCMP Human Trafficking National Coordination Centre HTNCC 43 which is based in Ottawa 48 Also included in the plan is an outline for raising awareness about human trafficking across Canada 34 The plan specifically mentions TruckSTOP a campaign of Persons Against the Crime of Trafficking in Humans Ottawa as being integral to the plan 32 According to the plan the CBSA is responsible for informing foreigners about human trafficking because of their increased vulnerability 48 The plan includes a provision for the government to partner with NGOs that oppose human trafficking 49 Although Smith said that human trafficking would be more effectively combatted if Canada s prostitution laws were reformed to align with those of Sweden criminalizing the purchasing rather than the selling of sex the NAP CHT does not make such legislative recommendations 50 The plan enables immigration officers to issue temporary residence permits to foreigners victimized by human trafficking in Canada thereby providing these victims with opportunities to receive aid 48 Implementation Edit Jason Kenney Minister of Citizenship and Immigration said in 2012 that he hoped that Canada s new policy of not allowing the country s sex industry to employ foreign workers would strengthen the NAP CHT The plan came into force on June 28 2012 51 After the establishment of the national action plan British Columbia established a provincial action plan informed by the national one to coordinate its anti human trafficking efforts with the federal government s OCTIP then became involved in implementing the national and provincial action plans 52 The provincial action plan published in March 2013 states that contributing to development of the NAP CHT through consultation and information sharing was an immediate priority 53 The month after the plan took effect the Canadian government announced that the country s sex industry would no longer be allowed to employ foreign workers because of the risks of exploitation abuse and trafficking in that environment As part of this policy the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada stopped issuing new temporary work permits for foreigners seeking work with escort agencies massage parlours and strip clubs Jason Kenney Minister of Citizenship and Immigration said that he hoped that the NAP CHT would be strengthened by this new policy and said that its purpose was to protect foreigners from what they might not know will happen to them when they get to Canada 54 That November Status of Women Canada sought to support the NAP CHT by soliciting the public for proposals of how to best support community organizations that serve female victims of sex trafficking the most common victims of this form of trafficking 55 In late 2012 Smith launched the Joy Smith Foundation as a follow up to the NAP CHT this nonpartisan apolitical foundation is dedicated to raising awareness about human trafficking and providing support to human trafficking victims with counselling housing and clothing 56 The Canadian government spent more than 6 million on actions related to the NAP CHT in 2013 37 In September of that year Kellie Leitch Minister responsible for the Status of Women and Minister of Labour announced that the government would give the Women s Support Network of York Region 200 000 to initiate a project aimed at eradicating human trafficking in the Regional Municipality of York and she appealed to the NAP CHT when making the announcement 57 In February 2013 the Toronto City Council decided to coordinate its anti human trafficking efforts with the NAP CHT 58 That May during a meeting of the sixty seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations Headquarters in New York City that was convened to discuss the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons the Canadian delegation spoke about the NAP CHT 59 Reactions EditTo the plan s establishment Edit The establishment of the plan was received positively by many Canadian NGOs and law enforcement officials 33 Within a day of its establishment the plan had received support from the parents of human trafficking victims Glendene Grant mother of missing human trafficking victim Jessie Foster said From the bottom of my heart I would like to thank the government of Canada for their development and launch of the Canadian National Action Plan to Combat the Crime of Human Trafficking making our country one of the leaders in the fight against this crime 60 Around the same time the EFC voiced its support for the plan specifically praising the commitments to create a national human trafficking law enforcement taskforce to raise awareness to invest in prevention to care for victims and to consult with stakeholders on an ongoing basis The EFC s policy analyst Julia Beazley said that the organization was particularly pleased with the proposals aimed at combatting sexual exploitation and with the focus given to our Aboriginal communities which are particularly vulnerable to trafficking 60 United States Ambassador at Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons Luis CdeBaca said that the NAP CHT shows the international community what an effective anti trafficking strategy looks like Luis CdeBaca United States Ambassador at Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons said With the announcement of a new national action plan Canada is showing the international community what an effective anti trafficking strategy looks like 61 Nagy said that she was absolutely thrilled with the establishment of the plan Invidiata said that she and many others stand proud to be Canadian because of the announcement of the NAP CHT s important measures to protect our women and children in Canada Natasha Falle founder and director of Sex Trade 101 said that as an organization of sex trafficking victims they were extremely pleased with the establishment of the NAP CHT She said that she and the other members of Sex Trade 101 have been collectively afraid raped beaten sold discarded so we are forever grateful to MP Joy Smith for being a voice for those who are not allowed to speak out 33 Brian Venables Divisional Secretary for Public Relations and Development for the British Columbia Division of The Salvation Army said We welcome a plan that enhances the support for the victims of these horrible crimes and are pleased to have been part of the plan s development He also praised the plan s outline of how to educate the public on the subject of human trafficking and how the police and the judiciary should cooperate on the subject Brian McConaghy of Ratanak International said that he was pleased to see the NAP CHT established and that the plan s framework is necessary to protect those at risk of being trafficked Sister Nancy Brown of Covenant House British Columbia said that her organization was in support of the NAP CHT and Smith s efforts to combat human trafficking The Servants Anonymous Society s chief financial officer Dominique Machefert said that her organization applauds the Conservative Government for taking the issue of human trafficking seriously and for executing the necessary steps to enact the National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking 33 A common criticism of the plan is that it is not victim centric and that its support for victims is insufficient Bethany Hastie of McGill University said that the HTNCC had a good track record of intelligence assessment and awareness raising with respect to human trafficking and she therefore approved of the plan s funding of the HTNCC She was critical of the plan s emphasis on law enforcement saying that the crime fighting focus of the plan has unfortunately detracted from victim services She said that more attention to victim services was necessary because most Canadian provinces were employing only ad hoc methods of supporting victims often omitting important elements such as legal aid and situation appropriate shelter 43 A few weeks after the establishment of the NAP CHT Dean Allison MP for Niagara West Glanbrook Ontario travelled to Cambodia and Thailand to learn more about human trafficking as part of a parliamentary delegation with World Vision Canada and he said that his meetings there convinced him that we are on the right track in Canada with our National Action Plan 62 UNICEF Canada recommended that Canadians write to Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews to ensure that youth and children would be the plans s foremost priorities In October 2012 the Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children CCRC said that it approved of Canada s adoption of the plan but was reserving judgement on whether the new Human Trafficking Taskforce would be more effective than the body it replaced 46 The CCRC criticized the NAP CHT for including few specific strategies for children and no mention of strengthening respect for children s rights as part of prevention 45 The CCRC also said that the NAP CHT lacks recognition of the responsibilities Canada has according to the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children Child Prostitution and Child Pornography The coalition therefore recommended that the plan be amended to include mandatory sentencing for traffickers of children and to provide for collaboration with youth organizations 45 Also in October 2012 Jamie McIntosh of IJM Canada said that his organization supports the NAP CHT and that the plan s promises to participate in international child protection would be best fulfilled by apprehending and prosecuting Canadians who engage in child sex tourism and child trafficking in other countries McIntosh recommended that this work be focused on Cambodia the Dominican Republic Mexico the Philippines and Thailand because these countries are particularly vulnerable to Canadian traffickers He also recommended focusing on these countries because Canadians have been caught participating in child sex tourism there McIntosh made specific reference to the cases of Kenneth Klassen and Donald Bakker 63 In response to the plan Chab Dai Canada initiated the Canadian Freedom Registry Project to promote and enable the implementation of Canada s National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking focusing specifically on partnership Chab Dai sought to research ways to improve anti human trafficking activities in Canada and to facilitate information sharing between anti human trafficking organisations and the federal and provincial governments 51 In April 2013 a troika of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights composed of Brazil the Philippines and the Republic of Ireland released a report reviewing Canada as part of that year s Universal Periodic Review the report highlighted the establishment of the NAP CHT as a positive achievement 64 UNICEF Canada approved of the establishment of the NAP CHT and encouraged Canadians to write letters to politicians asking them to make sure that youth and children are the plan s foremost priorities The politicians UNICEF recommended that people write to Harper Toews Kenney and Rob Nicholson the Minister of Justice 65 To the plan s implementation Edit A month after the plan s establishment Public Service Alliance of Canada Prairies Regional Executive Vice President Marianne Hladun wrote an open letter to Brad Trost MP for Saskatoon Humboldt saying that while she approved of the NAP CHT the government was being inconsistent in its treatment of human trafficking because it had recently announced that it would be eliminating four CBSA intelligence officer positions thereby dismissing four people who were already doing effective anti human trafficking work 66 When it was announced that foreign workers would no longer be issued permits for work in Canada s sex industry Tim Lambrinos leader of the Adult Entertainment Association of Canada said that he might challenge the policy because he believed that strip clubs are a very safe environment and that the government was destroying an industry and creating a labour shortage 54 At Toronto s third annual Walk for Freedom in September 2012 Shae Invidiata criticized the NAP CHT for allotting only 500 000 to victim services saying I m very grateful but we need more 35 Smith also said that the 500 000 allotted to support victims was insufficient She said that many of these organizations still struggle to provide basic care for victims of human trafficking and that there should be a considerable increase in support from the federal and provincial governments for these organizations 44 In June 2013 on the first anniversary of the plan s establishment a variety of NGOs released a joint report about the NAP CHT In this report Don Hutchinson vice president of the EFC said that continuing focused implementation of the Action Plan is essential to Canadians doing our part to put an end to this travesty Michael Maidment director of federal government relations for The Salvation Army wrote that the plan was important and sends a message to traffickers about the government s commitment to end human trafficking Andrea Burkhart on behalf of ACT Alberta wrote that victim support funding needed to increase Karlee Sapoznik president of the AAMS criticized the NAP CHT for ignoring the country s crucial lack of research and data writing that we need sustained research on the nature of human trafficking within and involving Canada 25 Nonetheless she said that her organization was pleased to have been consulted in the development of the plan 33 That July Stefan Lehmeier a World Vision Canada Senior Policy Advisor for Child Protection said that World Vision was pleased with the establishment of the NAP CHT and with Canadian politicians level of interest in the plan He said that there has been progress in combating human trafficking as a result of the NAP CHT but he criticized the country for not doing more with the new information that the plan has exposed saying that we haven t seen the number of convictions we wanted to see Lehmeier said that the RCMP should collaborate more with law enforcement agencies in Southeast Asia to address the issue of Canadians participating in sex tourism there 67 In September Jennifer Lucking of Walk With Me encouraged Canadians to write to their members of parliament to make sure that the promises outlined in the plan come to fruition 21 In preparation for 2013 Walk for Freedom Invidiata said she was glad that the NAP CHT had come into existence but that the related funds should be released in a different way 68 Notes Edit Sources do not specify when the proposal was submitted to Harper but it was no earlier than February 2007 and no later than April 2012 References Edit a b 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report Canada Chapter United States Department of State 2012 Archived from the original on January 10 2014 Retrieved November 27 2013 a b Tamara Cherry October 1 2008 Canada turns its back on victims If you compare what the U S is doing to what Canada is doing it s shameful Toronto Sun Retrieved November 28 2013 UBC Legal Expert Releases Canada s First Stats on Foreign Human Trafficking Victims University of British Columbia October 28 2008 Archived from the original on December 7 2013 Retrieved November 28 2013 a b Joy Smith January 27 2011 Canadians being trafficked here at home Winnipeg Sun Retrieved May 25 2013 Thomas S Axworthy February 11 2009 Canada can join Obama to end human trafficking Toronto Star Retrieved May 25 2013 Jim Coggins May 2007 Canadian activists pursue today s slavers CanadianChristianity com Retrieved May 25 2013 a b Jessica Murphy June 5 2012 Feds to announce human trafficking action plan Canoe ca Retrieved October 13 2013 a b c d Callandra Cochrane November 1 2010 Human Trafficking in Canada The Need for Action Citizens for Public Justice Archived from the original on October 29 2013 Retrieved October 26 2013 a b c d e Mia Rabson September 15 2010 Make buying sex illegal city Tory MP urges Bolster fight against human trafficking Winnipeg Free Press Retrieved May 25 2013 Joel Oosterman Anti Human Trafficking Bill Adopted by House of Commons Sex Trade 101 Retrieved October 21 2013 a b c d e f g h i National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking Required The Filipino Journal Vol 4 no 11 November 2011 Archived from the original on November 25 2011 Retrieved October 10 2013 a b Pauline Kosalka October 4 2010 Human trafficking an uncomfortable truth in Canada The Interim Retrieved October 25 2013 Human Trafficking Breaking the Chains PDF Sisters of Mercy of Newfoundland March 24 2012 p 5 Retrieved October 22 2013 a b c Geoffrey Johnston April 26 2012 End the scourge of human trafficking Kingston Whig Standard Retrieved October 13 2013 a b U S tells Canada Harsher sentences needed for sex traffickers The News June 17 2009 Archived from the original on October 2 2013 Retrieved May 25 2013 a b Mia Rabson October 28 2010 MP targets human trafficking Winnipeg Free Press p A6 Smith leads delegation to combat human trafficking Winnipeg Free Press June 7 2013 Retrieved October 8 2013 a b Jenny Yuen August 13 2011 Former prostitute calls for trafficking strategy The London Free Press Retrieved April 6 2013 a b Frank Stirk May 2011 Church planter s daughter commits to fighting human trafficking PDF Baptist Horizon 24 2 10 Archived from the original PDF on September 27 2013 Retrieved May 18 2013 Tara Teng addresses Members of Parliament and Senators Trinity Western University February 20 2012 Retrieved May 13 2013 a b Craig Kielburger Kielburger Marc September 30 2012 Obama tackles issue of modern slavery The Chronicle Herald Retrieved October 7 2013 Human Trafficking Breaking the Chains Sisters of Loretto February 24 2012 Retrieved October 26 2013 Updates from MP Joy Smith Sextrade101 com April 27 2012 Retrieved June 21 2018 A Response to Connecting the Dots A Proposal for a National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking PDF The Office for Systemic Justice Retrieved November 1 2013 a b NGOs celebrate anniversary of National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking call its implementation enhancement essential PDF International Justice Mission June 6 2013 Archived from the original PDF on November 2 2013 Retrieved November 1 2013 a b c d Tamara Cherry June 14 2010 Report experts call for national strategy on human trafficking The London Free Press Retrieved May 25 2013 Brenlee Carrington October 9 2010 B C prof shines light on modern day slavery Winnipeg Free Press Retrieved November 18 2013 Invidiata fights slavery of human trafficking Oakville Beaver February 17 2011 Retrieved October 8 2013 Budget slashed for B C human trafficking office National Post August 2 2011 Retrieved May 25 2013 Erica Bulman August 2 2011 Experts accuse province of axing human trafficking office s budget 24 Hours Retrieved October 7 2013 British Columbia Ministry of Justice 2013 p 2 a b Electronic Bulletin on Trafficking Persons Against the Crime of Trafficking in Humans Ottawa July 2012 Retrieved October 26 2013 a b c d e Human Trafficking Canada s National Action Plan Statements by Stakeholders Joy Smith Retrieved November 2 2013 a b c d e f g h The Harper Government Launches Canada s National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking Public Safety Canada June 6 2012 Archived from the original on July 3 2013 Retrieved May 25 2013 a b Jenny Yuen September 15 2012 About 700 march in Toronto to stop human trafficking The London Free Press Retrieved October 8 2013 a b Nicole O Reilly June 9 2012 Toews thanks team for stopping human traffickers The Hamilton Spectator Retrieved October 7 2013 a b Kathleen McFarland February 15 2013 The high cost of human trafficking Capital News Online Archived from the original on February 17 2013 Retrieved October 13 2013 MP calls for human trafficking awareness day Winnipeg Sun February 16 2012 Retrieved September 6 2013 Jennifer Quinn October 5 2013 Inside the world of human sex trafficking Toronto Star Retrieved October 6 2013 Chelsey Roach April 6 2013 Young actress vies for Miss World Canada Sudbury Star Retrieved October 6 2013 a b Randy Hoback March 7 2013 Working Together Engaging Men in Ending Violence against Women paNOW Retrieved October 21 2013 British Columbia Ministry of Justice 2013 p 6 a b c d Bethany Hastie June 15 2012 Canada s National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking Initial Reflections McGill University Retrieved October 18 2013 a b Andrew Kooman June 18 2013 10 Qs with MP Joy Smith Trafficking in Canada Andrew Kooman Retrieved October 18 2013 a b c Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children 2012 p 4 a b c Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children 2012 p 2 77th plenary meeting General Assembly United Nations May 13 2013 Retrieved October 29 2013 a b c Child Trafficking Action PDF ECPAT Canada Archived from the original PDF on October 31 2013 Retrieved October 29 2013 Joy Smith June 17 2013 Human trafficking conference focussed on this global issue Beacon News Archived from the original on April 12 2014 Retrieved October 13 2013 Deborah Gyapong June 13 2012 Joy Smith s human trafficking strategy bears fruit in National Action Plan The Catholic Register Retrieved October 17 2013 a b Freedom Registry Chab Dai Canada Archived from the original on September 10 2014 Retrieved October 26 2013 British Columbia Ministry of Justice 2013 p 8 British Columbia Ministry of Justice 2013 p 15 a b Andrew Moran July 5 2012 Foreign workers can t be hired in sex trade industry Digital Journal Retrieved October 13 2013 Government of Canada Taking Action to Reduce Trafficking of Women and Girls Canada News Centre Government of Canada November 30 2012 Retrieved November 2 2013 Deborah Gyapong November 7 2012 MP invites civil society to join the fight against human trafficking The Catholic Register Archived from the original on October 18 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Chris Traber September 13 2013 Victims laud move to curb human trafficking The Brampton Guardian Retrieved October 4 2013 City Council Decision Toronto City Council February 20 2013 Retrieved October 25 2013 Canada Participates in UN General Assembly High Level Meeting to Assess the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking PDF Canada s Anti Human Trafficking Newsletter No 3 July 2013 pp 3 4 Retrieved October 29 2013 a b Government Launches Canada s National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking CanadianChristianity com June 7 2012 Retrieved October 10 2013 Luis CdeBaca July 9 2012 July 9 2012 The 219th anniversary of Canada s abolition of slavery Embassy of the United States Ottawa Archived from the original on October 29 2013 Retrieved October 26 2013 Dean Allison July 27 2012 Human Trafficking Addressing a Worldwide Problem West Niagara News p 6 Retrieved October 22 2013 Jamie McIntosh October 24 2012 Raising the Stakes on Human Trafficking International Justice Mission Canada Retrieved October 26 2013 Canada Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights April 26 2013 Retrieved October 22 2013 Traffic is for cars not children Help stop the traffic UNICEF Canada Archived from the original on October 22 2013 Retrieved October 18 2013 Marianne Hladun July 3 2012 A letter to MP Brad Trost regarding human trafficking Public Service Alliance of Canada Retrieved October 25 2013 Craig Macartney July 29 2013 Action plan to combat human trafficking passes first year milestone ChristianWeek Archived from the original on October 18 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Gilda Salomone September 10 2013 Children are not for sale Canadians walk to end human trafficking Radio Canada International Retrieved October 10 2013 Bibliography Edit BC s Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking PDF British Columbia Ministry of Justice March 2013 Retrieved May 25 2013 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children Child Prostitution and Child Pornography PDF Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children October 5 2012 Archived from the original PDF on October 22 2013 Retrieved October 21 2013 External links EditOfficial website Full PDF version Joy Smith s selected highlights Connecting the Dots Regulations Amending the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking amp oldid 1069132317, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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