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Nathan Pritikin

January 01, 1970

Nathan Pritikin (August 29, 1915 – February 21, 1985) was an American inventor, engineer, nutritionist and longevity researcher.[1][2] He promoted the Pritikin diet, a high-carbohydrate low-fat plant-based diet combined with regular aerobic exercise to prevent cardiovascular disease.[3] The Pritikin diet emphasizes the consumption of legumes, whole grains, fresh fruit and vegetables and non-fat dairy products with small amounts of lean meat, fowl and fish.[4]

Nathan Pritikin
Born(1915-08-28)August 28, 1915
Chicago, Illinois
DiedFebruary 21, 1985(1985-02-21) (aged 69)
Albany, New York
NationalityAmerican
GenreNutrition
SpouseIlene (1923–2009)
Children4 sons, 1 daughter

Biography edit

The eldest son born to Jacob and Ester, Pritikin was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, he was given a scholarship to the University of Chicago and attended from 1933 to 1935, dropping out because of the Depression and starting his own business Flash Foto.[5] He became an inventor and a millionaire developing patents for companies such as Honeywell, General Electric and Bendix[5] while living in Chicago. He later moved the company to Santa Barbara, California in the 1950s. Pritikin retired in 1966 and devoted his attention solely to longevity and nutritional research. He established the Pritikin Longevity Center in Santa Barbara in 1976 which later moved to Santa Monica.[6] It closed in 1997 and is now the Hotel Casa del Mar. The Pritikin Longevity Center is currently located in Miami. His son Robert was the head of Pritikin Research Foundation.[7]

Pritikin Diet edit

In 1958, Pritikin was diagnosed with "coronary artery insufficiency (without symptoms) secondary to an exercise electrocardiogram".[8] By diet and exercise he was able to reduce his cholesterol level.[8]

Based on studies indicating that people in primitive cultures with primarily plant-based lifestyles had little history of heart disease and western cancers,[9] and medical data available during WW2 detailing rates of disease in various countries he created a low-fat diet that was high in unrefined carbohydrates like vegetables, fruits, beans, whole grains, small amounts of lean meat and low-fat dairy products along with a moderate aerobic exercise regime.[10] His dietary and exercise regime is called the Pritikin diet or Pritikin Program.[11][12] He charged patients $6000 for several weeks of the Program at his Pritikin center.[11]

The Pritikin diet is low in cholesterol and sodium and in total is 5–10% fat, 10–15% protein and 80% carbohydrate.[13] Protein consumption is limited to 3.5 ounces of lean meat daily which reduces total cholesterol and fat intake.[13] The Pritikin diet has been described as a low-fat high-fiber plant-based diet.[3] On the Pritikin diet there are several food categories, the "go" foods, the "caution" foods and the "stop" foods. The "go" foods that are encouraged are fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, non-fat dairy products, fish and lean protein such as white skinless poultry and tofu. The caution foods include refined grains, refined sweeteners and salt. The foods to be totally avoided are those rich in saturated fat, organ meats, processed meats, eggs yolks and vegetable oils. [3]

Pritikin promoted his diet to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, diabetes, gout, high-blood pressure and other diseases.[14] The Pritikin Program has been authorized as a cardiac rehabilitation program by Medicare.[15]

Reception edit

Dietitians and nutritionists have classified the Pritikin diet as a fad diet due to its restrictive nature and unsubstantiated health claims.[12][14][16][17][18]

Some of Pritikin's dietary recommendations are in line with mainstream nutritional advice such as emphasizing vegetable consumption and restricting alcohol but his claims about his Program reversing atherosclerosis are not supported by clinical evidence.[16][19][20] He was also criticized for making false statements such as "almost any amount of sugar is too much".[20]

The American Medical Association have questioned the effectiveness of the diet for the diseases it is supposed to prevent and have warned that the lower calcium and iron intake may make it unsuitable for pregnant women.[14] In 1985, Columbia University’s Institute of Human Nutrition suggested that the Pritikin Program may provide inadequate sources of calcium, copper and zinc.[21]

Frederick J. Stare commented that the Pritikin diet is an "extremely restrictive plan" that is difficult to adhere to long-term and suggested that the diet may increase the risk of iron deficiency.[17] He stated that the diet recommended by the American Medical Association is nutritionally balanced and more practical than the Pritikin diet.[17] Alice H. Lichtenstein has suggested that the diet may be time consuming to plan and prepare meals and that there is a risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies as the diet is extremely low in fat.[22]

A 2023 review found that the Pritikin diet had no significant impact on all-cause mortality or cardiovascular outcomes.[23][24]

Death edit

Pritikin was diagnosed with leukemia in 1958, and it had been in remission until early 1980s when he began to suffer severe pain and complications from the disease and associated treatments. Despite this he was fully active until a few weeks before death. He committed suicide at Albany Medical Center on February 21, 1985.[1][2] Per a letter to the editor, at autopsy it is claimed that there was a near absence of atherosclerosis (only some fatty streaks), and that the heart's pumping function was completely uncompromised.[25][26]

Selected publications edit

Articles

  • Pritikin, Nathan. (1976). High Carbohydrate Diets: Maligned and Misunderstood. The Journal of Applied Nutrition 28 (3&4): 56-68.[27]

Books

  • Live Longer Now: The First One Hundred Years of Your Life: The 2100 Program. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0-448-11504-2 co-authored with Jon N. Leonard and Jack L. Hofer (1974).
  • The Pritikin Program for Diet and Exercise. Bantam. ISBN 978-0553271928 co-authored with Patrick M. McGrady (1979).
  • The Pritikin Permanent Weight Loss Manual. Bantam. ISBN 0553204947 (1981).
  • The Pritikin Promise: 28 Days to a Longer, Healthier Life. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671494476 (1983).
  • Diet for Runners: The High-Performance Diet that Gives You Supercharged Energy and Endurance ISBN 978-0671556235 (1985).
  • Pritikin: The Man Who Healed America's Heart ISBN 0-87857-732-7 Tom Monte, Ilene Pritikin (1987).

References edit

  1. ^ a b Jones, Jack (February 23, 1985). "Nathan Pritikin, crusader for fitness, kills himself". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Nutritionist takes own life". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). (wire reports). February 23, 1985. p. 3.
  3. ^ a b c Vasudevan, Rajiv S; Rosander, Ashley; Pazargadi, Aryana; Wilkinson, Michael J. "Plant-based Diets in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease". In Michael J. Wilkinson, Michael S. Garshick, Pam R. Taub. (2021). Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Nutritional and Dietary Approaches. Springer. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-3-030-78176-7
  4. ^ Ronzio, Robert A. (2003). The Encyclopedia of Nutrition and Good Health. Facts On File. p. 532. ISBN 978-0816066308
  5. ^ a b When His Health Deserted Him, Diet and Fitness Guru Nathan Pritikin Turned to Suicide, by Eleanor Hoover, People Magazine, March 11, 1985
  6. ^ "Personal Health". nytimes.com. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Pritikin Son Carries On Crusade : A Firm Believer in Diet’s Influence on Heart Health". latimes.com. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Pritikin Truly Lived His Diet". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  9. ^ Company, DIANE Publishing (1995-07-01). Alternative Medicine: Expanding Medical Horizons. DIANE Publishing. pp. 233–. ISBN 9780788118203. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  10. ^ Nathan Pritikin: The Man Who Healed America's Heart (the Official Biography) by Tom Monte with Ilene Pritikin ISBN 0-87857-732-7
  11. ^ a b . washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  12. ^ a b Alters S, Schiff W (22 February 2012). "Chapter 10: Body Weight and Its Management". Essential Concepts for Healthy Living (Sixth ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 327. ISBN 978-1-4496-3062-1.
  13. ^ a b Leddy, Susan. (2006). Integrative Health Promotion: Conceptual Bases for Nursing Practice. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 434–435. ISBN 0-7637-3840-9
  14. ^ a b c Willis, Judith (1982). "Diet Books Sell Well But..." FDA Consumer. 16: 14–17.
  15. ^ "Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation (ICR) Program – Pritikin Program". cms.gov. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  16. ^ a b "The Pritikin program: Claims vs. facts". Consumer Reports. 47 (10): 513–518. 1982.
  17. ^ a b c Stare, Fredrick J. (1985). Food for Fitness After Fifty: A Menu for Good Health in the Later Years. George F. Stickley Company. p. 45. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0-89313-048-0
  18. ^ Wexler, Barbara. (2008). Weight in America: Obesity, Eating Disorders, and Other Health Risks. Gale Group. pp. 72–77. ISBN 978-1414407821
  19. ^ Yetiv, Jack Z. (1988). Popular Nutritional Practices: Sense and Nonsense. Dell Publishing. p. 300. ISBN 978-0440200468
  20. ^ a b Berland, Theodore. (1983). Rating the Diets. Beekman House. pp. 96–101. ISBN 0-517-40839-2
  21. ^ "Recognizing the Fallacies of Fad Diets : They Can Produce Malnutrition, Vitamin Deficiency Symptoms". latimes.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  22. ^ Lichenstein, Alice H; Chait, Alan; Rosenfeld, Michael E. Dietary Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. In Peter W. F. Wilson. (2013). Atlas of Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors and Treatment. Current Medicine Group. p. 162. ISBN 978-1461564843
  23. ^ Karam G, Agarwal A, Sadeghirad B, Jalink M, Hitchcock CL, Ge L, Kiflen R, Ahmed W, Zea AM, Milenkovic J, Chedrawe MA, Rabassa M, El Dib R, Goldenberg JZ, Guyatt GH, Boyce E, Johnston BC. (2023). "Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta analysis". BMJ. 380: e072003. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-072003. PMC 10053756.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ . tctmd.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  25. ^ "Autopsy of Pritikin May Renew Debate". Los Angeles Times. 1985-07-04. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  26. ^ Hubbard, JD; Inkeles, S; Barnard, RJ (4 July 1985). "Nathan Pritikin's Heart". The New England Journal of Medicine. 313 (1): 52. doi:10.1056/NEJM198507043130119. PMID 3889648.
  27. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2019-06-27.

External links edit

  • Nathan Pritikin papers – Online Archive California

January 01, 1970
nathan, pritikin, august, 1915, february, 1985, american, inventor, engineer, nutritionist, longevity, researcher, promoted, pritikin, diet, high, carbohydrate, plant, based, diet, combined, with, regular, aerobic, exercise, prevent, cardiovascular, disease, p. Nathan Pritikin August 29 1915 February 21 1985 was an American inventor engineer nutritionist and longevity researcher 1 2 He promoted the Pritikin diet a high carbohydrate low fat plant based diet combined with regular aerobic exercise to prevent cardiovascular disease 3 The Pritikin diet emphasizes the consumption of legumes whole grains fresh fruit and vegetables and non fat dairy products with small amounts of lean meat fowl and fish 4 Nathan PritikinBorn 1915 08 28 August 28 1915Chicago IllinoisDiedFebruary 21 1985 1985 02 21 aged 69 Albany New YorkNationalityAmericanGenreNutritionSpouseIlene 1923 2009 Children4 sons 1 daughter Contents 1 Biography 2 Pritikin Diet 2 1 Reception 3 Death 4 Selected publications 5 References 6 External linksBiography editThe eldest son born to Jacob and Ester Pritikin was born and raised in Chicago Illinois he was given a scholarship to the University of Chicago and attended from 1933 to 1935 dropping out because of the Depression and starting his own business Flash Foto 5 He became an inventor and a millionaire developing patents for companies such as Honeywell General Electric and Bendix 5 while living in Chicago He later moved the company to Santa Barbara California in the 1950s Pritikin retired in 1966 and devoted his attention solely to longevity and nutritional research He established the Pritikin Longevity Center in Santa Barbara in 1976 which later moved to Santa Monica 6 It closed in 1997 and is now the Hotel Casa del Mar The Pritikin Longevity Center is currently located in Miami His son Robert was the head of Pritikin Research Foundation 7 Pritikin Diet editIn 1958 Pritikin was diagnosed with coronary artery insufficiency without symptoms secondary to an exercise electrocardiogram 8 By diet and exercise he was able to reduce his cholesterol level 8 Based on studies indicating that people in primitive cultures with primarily plant based lifestyles had little history of heart disease and western cancers 9 and medical data available during WW2 detailing rates of disease in various countries he created a low fat diet that was high in unrefined carbohydrates like vegetables fruits beans whole grains small amounts of lean meat and low fat dairy products along with a moderate aerobic exercise regime 10 His dietary and exercise regime is called the Pritikin diet or Pritikin Program 11 12 He charged patients 6000 for several weeks of the Program at his Pritikin center 11 The Pritikin diet is low in cholesterol and sodium and in total is 5 10 fat 10 15 protein and 80 carbohydrate 13 Protein consumption is limited to 3 5 ounces of lean meat daily which reduces total cholesterol and fat intake 13 The Pritikin diet has been described as a low fat high fiber plant based diet 3 On the Pritikin diet there are several food categories the go foods the caution foods and the stop foods The go foods that are encouraged are fruits vegetables legumes whole grains non fat dairy products fish and lean protein such as white skinless poultry and tofu The caution foods include refined grains refined sweeteners and salt The foods to be totally avoided are those rich in saturated fat organ meats processed meats eggs yolks and vegetable oils 3 Pritikin promoted his diet to prevent and treat atherosclerosis diabetes gout high blood pressure and other diseases 14 The Pritikin Program has been authorized as a cardiac rehabilitation program by Medicare 15 Reception edit Dietitians and nutritionists have classified the Pritikin diet as a fad diet due to its restrictive nature and unsubstantiated health claims 12 14 16 17 18 Some of Pritikin s dietary recommendations are in line with mainstream nutritional advice such as emphasizing vegetable consumption and restricting alcohol but his claims about his Program reversing atherosclerosis are not supported by clinical evidence 16 19 20 He was also criticized for making false statements such as almost any amount of sugar is too much 20 The American Medical Association have questioned the effectiveness of the diet for the diseases it is supposed to prevent and have warned that the lower calcium and iron intake may make it unsuitable for pregnant women 14 In 1985 Columbia University s Institute of Human Nutrition suggested that the Pritikin Program may provide inadequate sources of calcium copper and zinc 21 Frederick J Stare commented that the Pritikin diet is an extremely restrictive plan that is difficult to adhere to long term and suggested that the diet may increase the risk of iron deficiency 17 He stated that the diet recommended by the American Medical Association is nutritionally balanced and more practical than the Pritikin diet 17 Alice H Lichtenstein has suggested that the diet may be time consuming to plan and prepare meals and that there is a risk of fat soluble vitamin deficiencies as the diet is extremely low in fat 22 A 2023 review found that the Pritikin diet had no significant impact on all cause mortality or cardiovascular outcomes 23 24 Death editPritikin was diagnosed with leukemia in 1958 and it had been in remission until early 1980s when he began to suffer severe pain and complications from the disease and associated treatments Despite this he was fully active until a few weeks before death He committed suicide at Albany Medical Center on February 21 1985 1 2 Per a letter to the editor at autopsy it is claimed that there was a near absence of atherosclerosis only some fatty streaks and that the heart s pumping function was completely uncompromised 25 26 Selected publications editArticles Pritikin Nathan 1976 High Carbohydrate Diets Maligned and Misunderstood The Journal of Applied Nutrition 28 3 amp 4 56 68 27 Books Live Longer Now The First One Hundred Years of Your Life The 2100 Program Grosset amp Dunlap ISBN 0 448 11504 2 co authored with Jon N Leonard and Jack L Hofer 1974 The Pritikin Program for Diet and Exercise Bantam ISBN 978 0553271928 co authored with Patrick M McGrady 1979 The Pritikin Permanent Weight Loss Manual Bantam ISBN 0553204947 1981 The Pritikin Promise 28 Days to a Longer Healthier Life Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0671494476 1983 Diet for Runners The High Performance Diet that Gives You Supercharged Energy and Endurance ISBN 978 0671556235 1985 Pritikin The Man Who Healed America s Heart ISBN 0 87857 732 7 Tom Monte Ilene Pritikin 1987 References edit a b Jones Jack February 23 1985 Nathan Pritikin crusader for fitness kills himself Los Angeles Times Retrieved June 18 2018 a b Nutritionist takes own life Spokesman Review Spokane Washington wire reports February 23 1985 p 3 a b c Vasudevan Rajiv S Rosander Ashley Pazargadi Aryana Wilkinson Michael J Plant based Diets in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease In Michael J Wilkinson Michael S Garshick Pam R Taub 2021 Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Nutritional and Dietary Approaches Springer pp 103 104 ISBN 978 3 030 78176 7 Ronzio Robert A 2003 The Encyclopedia of Nutrition and Good Health Facts On File p 532 ISBN 978 0816066308 a b When His Health Deserted Him Diet and Fitness Guru Nathan Pritikin Turned to Suicide by Eleanor Hoover People Magazine March 11 1985 Personal Health nytimes com Retrieved 20 November 2023 Pritikin Son Carries On Crusade A Firm Believer in Diet s Influence on Heart Health latimes com Retrieved 20 November 2023 a b Pritikin Truly Lived His Diet chicagotribune com Retrieved 22 January 2024 Company DIANE Publishing 1995 07 01 Alternative Medicine Expanding Medical Horizons DIANE Publishing pp 233 ISBN 9780788118203 Retrieved 10 May 2014 Nathan Pritikin The Man Who Healed America s Heart the Official Biography by Tom Monte with Ilene Pritikin ISBN 0 87857 732 7 a b Death by Choice washingtonpost com Retrieved 22 January 2024 a b Alters S Schiff W 22 February 2012 Chapter 10 Body Weight and Its Management Essential Concepts for Healthy Living Sixth ed Jones amp Bartlett Publishers p 327 ISBN 978 1 4496 3062 1 a b Leddy Susan 2006 Integrative Health Promotion Conceptual Bases for Nursing Practice Jones and Bartlett Publishers pp 434 435 ISBN 0 7637 3840 9 a b c Willis Judith 1982 Diet Books Sell Well But FDA Consumer 16 14 17 Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation ICR Program Pritikin Program cms gov Retrieved 22 January 2024 a b The Pritikin program Claims vs facts Consumer Reports 47 10 513 518 1982 a b c Stare Fredrick J 1985 Food for Fitness After Fifty A Menu for Good Health in the Later Years George F Stickley Company p 45 pp 88 89 ISBN 978 0 89313 048 0 Wexler Barbara 2008 Weight in America Obesity Eating Disorders and Other Health Risks Gale Group pp 72 77 ISBN 978 1414407821 Yetiv Jack Z 1988 Popular Nutritional Practices Sense and Nonsense Dell Publishing p 300 ISBN 978 0440200468 a b Berland Theodore 1983 Rating the Diets Beekman House pp 96 101 ISBN 0 517 40839 2 Recognizing the Fallacies of Fad Diets They Can Produce Malnutrition Vitamin Deficiency Symptoms latimes com Retrieved 22 January 2024 Lichenstein Alice H Chait Alan Rosenfeld Michael E Dietary Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Peter W F Wilson 2013 Atlas of Atherosclerosis Risk Factors and Treatment Current Medicine Group p 162 ISBN 978 1461564843 Karam G Agarwal A Sadeghirad B Jalink M Hitchcock CL Ge L Kiflen R Ahmed W Zea AM Milenkovic J Chedrawe MA Rabassa M El Dib R Goldenberg JZ Guyatt GH Boyce E Johnston BC 2023 Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk systematic review and network meta analysis BMJ 380 e072003 doi 10 1136 bmj 2022 072003 PMC 10053756 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Mediterranean Low Fat Diets Both Good for Health Network Meta analysis tctmd com Retrieved 22 January 2024 Autopsy of Pritikin May Renew Debate Los Angeles Times 1985 07 04 Retrieved 2019 09 23 Hubbard JD Inkeles S Barnard RJ 4 July 1985 Nathan Pritikin s Heart The New England Journal of Medicine 313 1 52 doi 10 1056 NEJM198507043130119 PMID 3889648 High Carbohydrate Diets Maligned and Misunderstood PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2016 12 01 Retrieved 2019 06 27 External links editNathan Pritikin papers Online Archive California Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nathan Pritikin amp oldid 1204875815, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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