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Wikipedia

Nasal congestion

August 22, 2023

This article is about symptomatic nasal congestion. For natural partial congestion, see nasal cycle.

Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of nasal passages, leading to impaired nasal breathing, usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflammation of blood vessels.[1]

Nasal congestion
Other namesNasal blockage, nasal obstruction, blocked nose, stuffy nose, plugged nose
SpecialtyOtorhinolaryngology

Background

In about 85% of cases, nasal congestion leads to mouth breathing rather than nasal breathing.[2] According to Jason Turowski, MD of the Cleveland Clinic, "we are designed to breathe through our noses from birth—it's the way humans have evolved."[3] This is referred to as "obligate nasal breathing."[4]

Nasal congestion can interfere with hearing and speech. Significant congestion may interfere with sleep, cause snoring, and can be associated with sleep apnea or upper airway resistance syndrome.[5] In children, nasal congestion from enlarged adenoids has caused chronic sleep apnea with insufficient oxygen levels and hypoxia. The problem usually resolves after surgery to remove the adenoids and tonsils, however the problem often relapses later in life due to craniofacial alterations from chronic nasal congestion.[6]

Causes

Nasal obstruction

Nasal obstruction characterized by insufficient airflow through the nose can be a subjective sensation or the result of objective pathology.[10] It is difficult to quantify by subjective complaints or clinical examinations alone, hence both clinicians and researchers depend both on concurrent subjective assessment and on objective measurement of the nasal airway.[11]

Prevalence of kyphosis has been linked to nasal obstruction in a study.[12]

Treatment

According to WebMD, congestion can be addressed through the use of a humidifier, warm showers, drinking fluids, using a neti pot, using a nasal saline spray, and sleeping with one's head elevated. It also recommends a number of over the counter decongestants and antihistamines.[13] A 2012 study concluded that combining nasal sprays with "nasal breathing exercises" (NBE) led to improvement of symptoms. Though it may seem an odd recommendation, crying may also be helpful.[14]

The Cleveland Clinic also states that congestion may be a sign of a deviated septum, a condition that needs to be addressed by a doctor.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Nasal congestion". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. A.D.A.M., Inc.
  2. ^ Rao A, ed. (2012). Principles and Practice of Pedodontics (3rd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. pp. 169, 170. ISBN 9789350258910.
  3. ^ Turowski, Jason (2016-04-29). "Should You Breathe Through Your Mouth or Your Nose?". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  4. ^ Bergeson PS, Shaw JC (October 2001). "Are infants really obligatory nasal breathers?". Clinical Pediatrics. 40 (10): 567–9. doi:10.1177/000992280104001006. PMID 11681824. S2CID 44715721.
  5. ^ de Oliveira, Pedro Wey Barbosa; Gregorio, Luciano Lobato; Silva, Rogério Santos; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azevedo; Tufik, Sergio; Gregório, Luis Carlos (July 2016). "Orofacial-cervical alterations in individuals with upper airway resistance syndrome". Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 82 (4): 377–384. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.05.015. PMC 9448996. PMID 26671020.
  6. ^ Buschang PH, Carrillo R, Rossouw PE (March 2011). "Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent, retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 69 (3): 754–62. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2010.11.013. PMC 3046301. PMID 21236539.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Nasal congestion at MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Update Date: 8/2/2011. Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro. Also reviewed by David Zieve.
  8. ^ . Aerin Medical. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
  9. ^ Pacheco-Galván A, Hart SP, Morice AH (April 2011). "Relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux and airway diseases: the airway reflux paradigm". Archivos de Bronconeumologia. 47 (4): 195–203. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2011.02.001. PMID 21459504.
  10. ^ Wang DY, Raza MT, Gordon BR (June 2004). "Control of nasal obstruction in perennial allergic rhinitis". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 4 (3): 165–70. doi:10.1097/00130832-200406000-00005. PMID 15126936. S2CID 20608574.
  11. ^ Wang DY, Raza MT, Goh DY, Lee BW, Chan YH (July 2004). "Acoustic rhinometry in nasal allergen challenge study: which dimensional measures are meaningful?". Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 34 (7): 1093–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01988.x. PMID 15248855. S2CID 28523614.
  12. ^ Šidlauskienė M, Smailienė D, Lopatienė K, Čekanauskas E, Pribuišienė R, Šidlauskas M (June 2015). "Relationships between Malocclusion, Body Posture, and Nasopharyngeal Pathology in Pre-Orthodontic Children". Medical Science Monitor. 21: 1765–73. doi:10.12659/MSM.893395. PMC 4484615. PMID 26086193.
  13. ^ Swiner, Carmelita (2020-01-27). "'How to Treat Nasal Congestion and Sinus Pressure". WebMD. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  14. ^ Nair, Satish (2011-04-12). "Nasal Breathing Exercise and its Effect on Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis". Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 64 (2): 172–176. doi:10.1007/s12070-011-0243-5. PMC 3392338. PMID 23730580.
  15. ^ "Is Your Nose Working Against You? 5 Signs of a Deviated Septum". Cleveland Clinic. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-28.

Further reading

External links

August 22, 2023
nasal, congestion, this, article, about, symptomatic, nasal, congestion, natural, partial, congestion, nasal, cycle, partial, complete, blockage, nasal, passages, leading, impaired, nasal, breathing, usually, membranes, lining, nose, becoming, swollen, from, i. This article is about symptomatic nasal congestion For natural partial congestion see nasal cycle Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of nasal passages leading to impaired nasal breathing usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflammation of blood vessels 1 Nasal congestionOther namesNasal blockage nasal obstruction blocked nose stuffy nose plugged noseSpecialtyOtorhinolaryngology Contents 1 Background 2 Causes 2 1 Nasal obstruction 3 Treatment 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksBackground EditIn about 85 of cases nasal congestion leads to mouth breathing rather than nasal breathing 2 According to Jason Turowski MD of the Cleveland Clinic we are designed to breathe through our noses from birth it s the way humans have evolved 3 This is referred to as obligate nasal breathing 4 Nasal congestion can interfere with hearing and speech Significant congestion may interfere with sleep cause snoring and can be associated with sleep apnea or upper airway resistance syndrome 5 In children nasal congestion from enlarged adenoids has caused chronic sleep apnea with insufficient oxygen levels and hypoxia The problem usually resolves after surgery to remove the adenoids and tonsils however the problem often relapses later in life due to craniofacial alterations from chronic nasal congestion 6 Causes EditAllergies 7 like hay fever 7 allergic reaction to pollen or grass Common cold 7 influenza or COVID 19 Rhinitis medicamentosa 7 a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants e g oxymetazoline phenylephrine xylometazoline and naphazoline nasal sprays Sinusitis or sinus infection 7 Narrow or collapsing nasal valve 8 Pregnancy may cause women to suffer from nasal congestion due to the increased amount of blood flowing through the body 7 Nasal polyps 7 Gastroesophageal reflux disease theorized to cause chronic rhinosinusitis the airway reflux paradigm 9 Nasal obstruction Edit Nasal obstruction characterized by insufficient airflow through the nose can be a subjective sensation or the result of objective pathology 10 It is difficult to quantify by subjective complaints or clinical examinations alone hence both clinicians and researchers depend both on concurrent subjective assessment and on objective measurement of the nasal airway 11 Prevalence of kyphosis has been linked to nasal obstruction in a study 12 Treatment EditAccording to WebMD congestion can be addressed through the use of a humidifier warm showers drinking fluids using a neti pot using a nasal saline spray and sleeping with one s head elevated It also recommends a number of over the counter decongestants and antihistamines 13 A 2012 study concluded that combining nasal sprays with nasal breathing exercises NBE led to improvement of symptoms Though it may seem an odd recommendation crying may also be helpful 14 The Cleveland Clinic also states that congestion may be a sign of a deviated septum a condition that needs to be addressed by a doctor 15 See also EditDecongestant Honeymoon rhinitis InhalerReferences Edit Nasal congestion MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia A D A M Inc Rao A ed 2012 Principles and Practice of Pedodontics 3rd ed New Delhi Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub pp 169 170 ISBN 9789350258910 Turowski Jason 2016 04 29 Should You Breathe Through Your Mouth or Your Nose Cleveland Clinic Retrieved 2020 06 28 Bergeson PS Shaw JC October 2001 Are infants really obligatory nasal breathers Clinical Pediatrics 40 10 567 9 doi 10 1177 000992280104001006 PMID 11681824 S2CID 44715721 de Oliveira Pedro Wey Barbosa Gregorio Luciano Lobato Silva Rogerio Santos Bittencourt Lia Rita Azevedo Tufik Sergio Gregorio Luis Carlos July 2016 Orofacial cervical alterations in individuals with upper airway resistance syndrome Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 82 4 377 384 doi 10 1016 j bjorl 2015 05 015 PMC 9448996 PMID 26671020 Buschang PH Carrillo R Rossouw PE March 2011 Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 69 3 754 62 doi 10 1016 j joms 2010 11 013 PMC 3046301 PMID 21236539 a b c d e f g Nasal congestion at MedlinePlus a service of the U S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Update Date 8 2 2011 Updated by Neil K Kaneshiro Also reviewed by David Zieve Blocked Nose Restricted Air Flow Aerin Medical Archived from the original on 2016 08 26 Retrieved 2016 07 12 Pacheco Galvan A Hart SP Morice AH April 2011 Relationship between gastro oesophageal reflux and airway diseases the airway reflux paradigm Archivos de Bronconeumologia 47 4 195 203 doi 10 1016 j arbres 2011 02 001 PMID 21459504 Wang DY Raza MT Gordon BR June 2004 Control of nasal obstruction in perennial allergic rhinitis Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 4 3 165 70 doi 10 1097 00130832 200406000 00005 PMID 15126936 S2CID 20608574 Wang DY Raza MT Goh DY Lee BW Chan YH July 2004 Acoustic rhinometry in nasal allergen challenge study which dimensional measures are meaningful Clinical and Experimental Allergy 34 7 1093 8 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2222 2004 01988 x PMID 15248855 S2CID 28523614 Sidlauskiene M Smailiene D Lopatiene K Cekanauskas E Pribuisiene R Sidlauskas M June 2015 Relationships between Malocclusion Body Posture and Nasopharyngeal Pathology in Pre Orthodontic Children Medical Science Monitor 21 1765 73 doi 10 12659 MSM 893395 PMC 4484615 PMID 26086193 Swiner Carmelita 2020 01 27 How to Treat Nasal Congestion and Sinus Pressure WebMD Retrieved 2020 06 28 Nair Satish 2011 04 12 Nasal Breathing Exercise and its Effect on Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 64 2 172 176 doi 10 1007 s12070 011 0243 5 PMC 3392338 PMID 23730580 Is Your Nose Working Against You 5 Signs of a Deviated Septum Cleveland Clinic 7 November 2019 Retrieved 2020 06 28 Further reading EditNestor James 2020 Breath The New Science of a Lost Art Riverhead Books ISBN 978 0735213616 External links Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nasal congestion amp oldid 1153944848, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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