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NASA Clean Air Study

January 01, 1970

The NASA Clean Air Study was a project led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in association with the Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA) in 1989, to research ways to clean the air in sealed environments such as space stations. Its results suggested that, in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis, certain common indoor plants may also provide a natural way of removing volatile organic pollutants (benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene were tested).[1]

One of the plants in this study is Bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii)

These results are not applicable to typical buildings, where outdoor-to-indoor air exchange already removes VOCs at a rate that could only be matched by the placement of 10–1000 plants/m2 of a building's floor space.[2]

The results also failed to replicate in future studies, with a 2014 review stating that:[3]

While the plant's ability to take up VOCs is well documented in laboratory studies, the effect of plants on indoor air in complex environments like offices requires further investigations to clarify the full capacity of plants in real-life settings.

List of plants studied edit

The following plants were tested during the initial 1989 study:[4]

Additional research edit

Since the release of the initial 1989 study, titled A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: An Interim Report,[6] further research has been done including a 1993 paper[7] and 1996 book[8] by B. C. Wolverton, the primary researcher on the original NASA study, that listed additional plants and focused on the removal of specific chemicals. A different study in 2004 has also shown that the micro-organisms in the soil of a potted plant remove benzene from the air, and that some plant species themselves also contribute to removing benzene.[9]

Other studies edit

Plants studied in various similar studies on air filtration:

Plant, removes: benzene[10] Total µg/h of benzene removed[10] formaldehyde[10][8][7] Total µg/h of formaldehyde removed[10][7] trichloroethylene[10] Total µg/h of trichloroethylene removed[10] xylene and toluene[7] ammonia[7]
Dwarf date palm (Phoenix roebelenii) No Yes[8] 1,385[7] No Yes No
Areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) No Yes[8] No Yes No
Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata 'Bostoniensis') No Yes[8] 1,863[7] No Yes No
Kimberley queen fern (Nephrolepis obliterata) No Yes[8] 1,328[7] No Yes No
English ivy (Hedera helix) Yes 579 Yes[8] 402[10] -1,120[7] Yes 298 Yes No
Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) No Yes[10] 560[7] No Yes No
Devil's ivy, Pothos plant (Epipremnum aureum) Yes Yes[10] No Yes No
Peace lily (Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa') Yes 1,725 Yes[8] 674[10] Yes 1,128 Yes Yes
Flamingo lily (Anthurium andraeanum) No Yes No Yes Yes
Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema modestum) Yes[8][11] 604 Yes[8][11] 183[4] No No No
Bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii) Yes 1,420 Yes[10][8] 3,196[10] Yes 688 Yes No
Parlour Palm (Chamaedorea elegans) Yes Yes[7] 660[7] Yes Yes[7] Yes[7]
Lady Palm (Rhapis excelsa) Yes Yes[7] 876[7] Yes Yes[7] Yes[7]
Variegated snake plant, mother-in-law's tongue (Sansevieria trifasciata 'Laurentii') Yes[8] 1,196[4] Yes[10] 1,304[10] Yes[8] 405 Yes No
Heartleaf philodendron (Philodendron cordatum) No Yes[10] 353[10] No No No
Selloum philodendron
(Philodendron bipinnatifidum)		 No Yes[10] 361[10] No No No
Elephant ear philodendron (Philodendron domesticum) No Yes[10] 416[10] No No No
Red-edged dracaena (Dracaena marginata) Yes 1,264 Yes[10] 853[10] Yes 1,137 Yes No
Cornstalk dracaena (Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana') Yes Yes[10] 938[7] Yes 421 Yes No
Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina)[5] No Yes[8] 940[7] No Yes No
Barberton daisy (Gerbera jamesonii) Yes 4,486 Yes[8] Yes 1,622 No No
Florist's chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Yes 3,205 Yes[10][8] 1,450[7] Yes Yes Yes
Rubber plant (Ficus elastica) No Yes[8] No No No
Dendrobium orchids (Dendrobium spp.) No Yes[7] 756[7] No Yes No
Dumb canes (Dieffenbachia spp.) No Yes[7] 754[7] No Yes No
King of hearts (Homalomena wallisii) No Yes[7] 668[7] No Yes No
Moth orchids (Phalaenopsis spp.) No Yes[7] 240[7] No Yes No
Aloe vera (Aloe vera) Yes[12] Yes No No No
Janet Craig (Dracaena fragrans "Janet Craig/Cornstalk Plant") Yes[1] 1,082 Yes[1] 1,361[7] - 2,037[10] Yes[1] 764 Yes[7] No
Warneckei (Dracaena deremensis "Warneckei") Yes[1] 1,630 Yes[1] 760[7] Yes[1] 573 Yes[7] No
Banana (Musa acuminata) No Yes[1] 488[10] No No No

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h BC Wolverton; WL Douglas; K Bounds (September 1989). Interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement (Report). NASA. NASA-TM-101766.
  2. ^ Cummings, Bryan E.; Waring, Michael S. (March 2020). "Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality: a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 30 (2): 253–261. doi:10.1038/s41370-019-0175-9. PMID 31695112. S2CID 207911697.
  3. ^ Dela Cruz, M; Christensen, JH; Thomsen, JD; Müller, R (2014). "Can ornamental potted plants remove volatile organic compounds from indoor air? – a review" (PDF). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 21 (24): 13909–13928. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3240-x. PMID 25056742. S2CID 207272189. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Wolverton, B. C., et al. A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: an interim report. NASA. September, 1989.
  5. ^ a b American Society for Horticultural Science. Indoor plants can reduce formaldehyde levels. ScienceDaily. February 20, 2009. Quote: "...Complete plants removed approximately 80% of the formaldehyde within 4 hours. Control chambers pumped with the same amount of formaldehyde, but not containing any plant parts, decreased by 7.3% during the day and 6.9% overnight within 5 hours..." In reference to: Kim, J. K., et al. (2008). Efficiency of volatile formaldehyde removal by indoor plants: contribution of aerial plant parts versus the root zone. Horticultural Science 133: 479-627.
  6. ^ Wolverton, B. C. (July 1989). "A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: An Interim Report" (PDF). Retrieved 3 May 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Wolverton, B. C. and J. D. Wolverton. (1993). Plants and soil microorganisms: removal of formaldehyde, xylene, and ammonia from the indoor environment. 2016-02-05 at the Wayback Machine Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 38(2), 11-15.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Wolverton, B. C. (1996) How to Grow Fresh Air. New York: Penguin Books.
  9. ^ Orwell, R.; Wood, R.; Tarran, J.; Torpy, F.; Burchett, M. (2004). "Removal of Benzene by the Indoor Plant/Substrate Microcosm and Implications for Air Quality". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 157 (1–4): 193–207. Bibcode:2004WASP..157..193O. doi:10.1023/B:WATE.0000038896.55713.5b. S2CID 59469964.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Pottorff, Laura. Colorado State University & Denver County Extension Master Gardener. 2010.
  11. ^ a b Wolverton, B. C., et al. Interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: final report. NASA. September, 1989. pp 11-12.
  12. ^ "15 houseplants for improving indoor air quality". MNN - Mother Nature Network. Retrieved 2016-01-04.

External links edit

  • 'Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution' 2018-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
  • How to Grow Your Own Fresh Air – TED 2009. An extension of the TED Talk.

January 01, 1970
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The NASA Clean Air Study was a project led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA in association with the Associated Landscape Contractors of America ALCA in 1989 to research ways to clean the air in sealed environments such as space stations Its results suggested that in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis certain common indoor plants may also provide a natural way of removing volatile organic pollutants benzene formaldehyde and trichloroethylene were tested 1 One of the plants in this study is Bamboo palm Chamaedorea seifrizii These results are not applicable to typical buildings where outdoor to indoor air exchange already removes VOCs at a rate that could only be matched by the placement of 10 1000 plants m2 of a building s floor space 2 The results also failed to replicate in future studies with a 2014 review stating that 3 While the plant s ability to take up VOCs is well documented in laboratory studies the effect of plants on indoor air in complex environments like offices requires further investigations to clarify the full capacity of plants in real life settings List of plants studied editThe following plants were tested during the initial 1989 study 4 Variegated snake plant mother in law s tongue Sansevieria trifasciata laurentii English ivy Hedera helix Peace lily Spathiphyllum Mauna Loa Chinese evergreen Aglaonema modestum Bamboo palm Chamaedorea seifrizii Red edged dracaena marginata Dracaena marginata Cornstalk dracaena mass cane corn cane Dracaena fragrans Massangeana Weeping fig Ficus benjamina 5 Barberton daisy gerbera daisy Gerbera jamesonii Florist s chrysanthemum pot mum Chrysanthemum morifolium Janet Craig Dracaena deremensis Janet Craig Warneckei Dracaena deremensis Warneckei Additional research editSince the release of the initial 1989 study titled A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement An Interim Report 6 further research has been done including a 1993 paper 7 and 1996 book 8 by B C Wolverton the primary researcher on the original NASA study that listed additional plants and focused on the removal of specific chemicals A different study in 2004 has also shown that the micro organisms in the soil of a potted plant remove benzene from the air and that some plant species themselves also contribute to removing benzene 9 Other studies edit This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Amount removed column can be merged with remove or not column using a href Template Yes html title Template Yes yes a 123 syntax Please help improve this section if you can May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Plants studied in various similar studies on air filtration Plant removes benzene 10 Total µg h of benzene removed 10 formaldehyde 10 8 7 Total µg h of formaldehyde removed 10 7 trichloroethylene 10 Total µg h of trichloroethylene removed 10 xylene and toluene 7 ammonia 7 Dwarf date palm Phoenix roebelenii No Yes 8 1 385 7 No Yes No Areca palm Dypsis lutescens No Yes 8 No Yes No Boston fern Nephrolepis exaltata Bostoniensis No Yes 8 1 863 7 No Yes No Kimberley queen fern Nephrolepis obliterata No Yes 8 1 328 7 No Yes No English ivy Hedera helix Yes 579 Yes 8 402 10 1 120 7 Yes 298 Yes No Spider plant Chlorophytum comosum No Yes 10 560 7 No Yes No Devil s ivy Pothos plant Epipremnum aureum Yes Yes 10 No Yes No Peace lily Spathiphyllum Mauna Loa Yes 1 725 Yes 8 674 10 Yes 1 128 Yes Yes Flamingo lily Anthurium andraeanum No Yes No Yes Yes Chinese evergreen Aglaonema modestum Yes 8 11 604 Yes 8 11 183 4 No No No Bamboo palm Chamaedorea seifrizii Yes 1 420 Yes 10 8 3 196 10 Yes 688 Yes No Parlour Palm Chamaedorea elegans Yes Yes 7 660 7 Yes Yes 7 Yes 7 Lady Palm Rhapis excelsa Yes Yes 7 876 7 Yes Yes 7 Yes 7 Variegated snake plant mother in law s tongue Sansevieria trifasciata Laurentii Yes 8 1 196 4 Yes 10 1 304 10 Yes 8 405 Yes No Heartleaf philodendron Philodendron cordatum No Yes 10 353 10 No No No Selloum philodendron Philodendron bipinnatifidum No Yes 10 361 10 No No No Elephant ear philodendron Philodendron domesticum No Yes 10 416 10 No No No Red edged dracaena Dracaena marginata Yes 1 264 Yes 10 853 10 Yes 1 137 Yes No Cornstalk dracaena Dracaena fragrans Massangeana Yes Yes 10 938 7 Yes 421 Yes No Weeping fig Ficus benjamina 5 No Yes 8 940 7 No Yes No Barberton daisy Gerbera jamesonii Yes 4 486 Yes 8 Yes 1 622 No No Florist s chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium Yes 3 205 Yes 10 8 1 450 7 Yes Yes Yes Rubber plant Ficus elastica No Yes 8 No No No Dendrobium orchids Dendrobium spp No Yes 7 756 7 No Yes No Dumb canes Dieffenbachia spp No Yes 7 754 7 No Yes No King of hearts Homalomena wallisii No Yes 7 668 7 No Yes No Moth orchids Phalaenopsis spp No Yes 7 240 7 No Yes No Aloe vera Aloe vera Yes 12 Yes No No No Janet Craig Dracaena fragrans Janet Craig Cornstalk Plant Yes 1 1 082 Yes 1 1 361 7 2 037 10 Yes 1 764 Yes 7 No Warneckei Dracaena deremensis Warneckei Yes 1 1 630 Yes 1 760 7 Yes 1 573 Yes 7 No Banana Musa acuminata No Yes 1 488 10 No No NoSee also editDracaena reflexa Green wall Indoor air quality Phytoremediation Rain garden Sick building syndromeReferences edit a b c d e f g h BC Wolverton WL Douglas K Bounds September 1989 Interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement Report NASA NASA TM 101766 Cummings Bryan E Waring Michael S March 2020 Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies Journal of Exposure Science amp Environmental Epidemiology 30 2 253 261 doi 10 1038 s41370 019 0175 9 PMID 31695112 S2CID 207911697 Dela Cruz M Christensen JH Thomsen JD Muller R 2014 Can ornamental potted plants remove volatile organic compounds from indoor air a review PDF Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21 24 13909 13928 doi 10 1007 s11356 014 3240 x PMID 25056742 S2CID 207272189 Retrieved 15 August 2018 a b c Wolverton B C et al A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement an interim report NASA September 1989 a b American Society for Horticultural Science Indoor plants can reduce formaldehyde levels ScienceDaily February 20 2009 Quote Complete plants removed approximately 80 of the formaldehyde within 4 hours Control chambers pumped with the same amount of formaldehyde but not containing any plant parts decreased by 7 3 during the day and 6 9 overnight within 5 hours In reference to Kim J K et al 2008 Efficiency of volatile formaldehyde removal by indoor plants contribution of aerial plant parts versus the root zone Horticultural Science 133 479 627 Wolverton B C July 1989 A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement An Interim Report PDF Retrieved 3 May 2020 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Wolverton B C and J D Wolverton 1993 Plants and soil microorganisms removal of formaldehyde xylene and ammonia from the indoor environment Archived 2016 02 05 at the Wayback Machine Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 38 2 11 15 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Wolverton B C 1996 How to Grow Fresh Air New York Penguin Books Orwell R Wood R Tarran J Torpy F Burchett M 2004 Removal of Benzene by the Indoor Plant Substrate Microcosm and Implications for Air Quality Water Air amp Soil Pollution 157 1 4 193 207 Bibcode 2004WASP 157 193O doi 10 1023 B WATE 0000038896 55713 5b S2CID 59469964 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Pottorff Laura Plants Clean Air Inside Our Homes Colorado State University amp Denver County Extension Master Gardener 2010 a b Wolverton B C et al Interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement final report NASA September 1989 pp 11 12 15 houseplants for improving indoor air quality MNN Mother Nature Network Retrieved 2016 01 04 External links edit Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Archived 2018 11 01 at the Wayback Machine How to Grow Your Own Fresh Air TED 2009 An extension of the TED Talk Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NASA Clean Air Study amp oldid 1220833926, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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