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Ménagerie du Jardin des plantes

November 13, 2023

Not to be confused with Paris Zoological Park.

The ménagerie du Jardin des plantes is a zoo in Paris, France, belonging to the botanical garden Jardin des Plantes. Founded in 1794, largely with animals brought from the royal zoo of the Palace of Versailles, abandoned because of the French Revolution, it is the second oldest zoological garden in the world (after Tiergarten Schönbrunn). Today, the zoo contains many rare smaller and medium-sized mammals, and a variety of birds and reptiles.

Ménagerie du Jardin des plantes
The Rotonde, today a home for giant tortoises
48°50′41″N 2°21′35″E / 48.84472°N 2.35972°E / 48.84472; 2.35972
Date openedDecember 11, 1794[1]
LocationParis, France
Land area5.5 ha (14 acres)[1]
No. of animals1,000[1]
Annual visitors500,000[1]
MembershipsEAZA[2]
Websitewww.mnhn.fr

Location edit

The zoo is located directly by the Seine in the centre of Paris. It takes up about one third of the Jardin des Plantes.

History edit

The botanical garden edit

Main article: Jardin des plantes

In the beginning the term Jardin des Plantes referred only to a botanical garden of 58 acres (230,000 m2), created and built by the royal physicians Jean Herouard and Guy de La Brosse. It therefore became known as the royal herb garden. Created in 1626 and opened for the public in 1635, it is the oldest part of the national research and educational institute for science, the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, which was founded in 1793.

The foundation of the menagerie edit

 
Animal artists at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. From the magazine L'Illustration, 7 August 1902.

In the course of the French Revolution the menagerie was formally established in 1794. According to a decision of the National Assembly in 1793, exotic animals in private hands were to be donated to the Menagerie in Versailles or killed, stuffed and donated to the natural scientists of the Jardin des Plantes. However, the scientists let the animals (the exact number of which is unknown) live. The Royal Menagerie in Versailles (ménagerie royale) was dissolved and these animals were also transferred to the Jardin des Plantes.[3] Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (1737–1814) is considered to be the founder of the menagerie. He was committed to the principles of keeping exotic animals in their natural environment, having regard to their needs, placing them under scientific supervision, and allowing public access in the interest of public education.

The Jardin was free for all visitors and tourists right from its inception. While the menagerie at first was just provisional it grew in the first three decades of the 19th century to be the largest exotic animal collection in Europe. The Zoo was under the scientific leadership of the former head of the zoological department at the museum, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844). From 1805 onwards the menagerie was under the leadership of Frédéric Cuvier, who was replaced in 1836 by Geoffroy's son Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.

Research edit

The institutional incorporation of the menagerie within the National Research Institute of the National Natural History Museum facilitated the academic study of the animals by doctors and zoologists. Studies related to systematics, morphology and anatomy were all carried out, notably by Georges Cuvier. Étienne Geoffroy, Frédéric Cuvier (the brother of Georges Cuvier) performed research in the area of behavioral observation. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Frédéric Cuvier published their results in the quarterly work Histoire des Mammifières. It was first published in 1826 and became one of the foundational books concerning the biology of exotic animals. Furthermore, F. Cuvier's plans regarding the breeding of new domestic animal species were formulated.

Attractions and species growth edit

 
Plan of the Ménagerie du Jardin des plantes, Paris, France.
 
Pallas's cat at the zoo

The expanding range of species was chiefly the result of French travelling researchers, colonial officials and donations from private people, which accounts for the fact that the animals in the Jardine were not limited to local French species.

The so-called Rotonde was added to the basic enclosures in 1804, and from 1808 was used to harbour large animals such as elephants. In 1805 the bear ditch followed and in 1821, a so-called Fauverie or predator enclosure. The Volieren enclosure (voleries, birdhouses) for diurnal birds of prey was added in 1825, and two years later a birdhouse specifically for pheasants. A monkey house was set up for the first time in 1837, while reptiles had to wait until 1870 for their enclosure. Most animals were kept in functional, classicist, gallery-like buildings.

In another part was the Vallée Suisse which had been built as a romantic garden. Here were several small enclosures which held exotic animals such as antelopes. Some buildings from this period still exist today - the semicircular birdhouse for pheasants (1827), the reptile house and the new pheasants enclosure (1881). At the beginning of the 20th century a hibernation enclosure (1905), a small monkey house (1928), a vivarium (1929), another monkey house (1934) and a reptile house (1932) had been built. A half century passed after this improvement without any further innovations except the restoration of the bear pit and some technical corrections.

A new enclosure for diurnal birds of prey was built in 1983. A variety of renovations were carried out in the 1980s. At the beginning of the 21st century the pheasants enclosure from 1881 was renovated. However, as all of the structures are listed buildings, it is almost impossible to create new structures here. However the Jardin des Plantes still exists today and is the second oldest civil zoo in the world.

See also edit

  • Zarafa – famous 19th century female Nubian giraffe and 18-year menagerie resident

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d Livet, Jonas (December 28, 2003). . leszoosdanslemonde.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  2. ^ "EAZA Member Zoos & Aquariums". eaza.net. EAZA. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  3. ^ Deligeorges, Gady, Labalette, "Le Jardin des Plantes et le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" (2004), p.16-19

Literature edit

  • Deligorges, Stephan; Gady, Alexandre; Labalette, Françoise (2004). Le Jardin des plantes et le Muséum national d'histoire naturalle (in French). Éditions du Patrimoine- Centre des Monuments Nationaux. ISBN 978-2-85822-601-6.
  • Werner Kourist: 400 Jahre Zoo. Im Spiegel der Sammlung Werner Kourist, Bonn 1976, S. 70-73.
  • Annelore Rieke-Müller / Lothar Dittrich: Der Löwe brüllt nebenan. Die Gründung Zoologischer Gärten im deutschsprachigen Raum 1833-1869, Köln / Weimar / Wien 1998. ISBN 3-412-00798-6
  • Eric Baratay, Elisabeth Hardouin-Fugier: Zoo. Von der Menagerie zum Tierpark, Berlin 2000. ISBN 3-8031-3604-0
  • Lothar Dittrich, Dietrich von Engelhardt & Annelore Rieke-Müller (Hg.): Die Kulturgeschichte des Zoos, Berlin 2001. ISBN 3-86135-482-9
  • Wilfrid Blunt: The Ark in the Park – The Zoo in the 19th Century, London 1976.
  • Richard W. Burkhardt: La Ménagerie et la vie du Muséum; In: Le Muséum au premier siècle de son histoire, hrsg. v. Claude Blanckaer et al. Paris: Éditions du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997, S. 481-508.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes at Wikimedia Commons
  • Website of the Muséum nationale d’Histoire naturelle (in English and French)

November 13, 2023
ménagerie, jardin, plantes, confused, with, paris, zoological, park, ménagerie, jardin, plantes, paris, france, belonging, botanical, garden, jardin, plantes, founded, 1794, largely, with, animals, brought, from, royal, palace, versailles, abandoned, because, . Not to be confused with Paris Zoological Park The menagerie du Jardin des plantes is a zoo in Paris France belonging to the botanical garden Jardin des Plantes Founded in 1794 largely with animals brought from the royal zoo of the Palace of Versailles abandoned because of the French Revolution it is the second oldest zoological garden in the world after Tiergarten Schonbrunn Today the zoo contains many rare smaller and medium sized mammals and a variety of birds and reptiles Menagerie du Jardin des plantesThe Rotonde today a home for giant tortoises48 50 41 N 2 21 35 E 48 84472 N 2 35972 E 48 84472 2 35972Date openedDecember 11 1794 1 LocationParis FranceLand area5 5 ha 14 acres 1 No of animals1 000 1 Annual visitors500 000 1 MembershipsEAZA 2 Websitewww wbr mnhn wbr fr Contents 1 Location 2 History 2 1 The botanical garden 2 2 The foundation of the menagerie 3 Research 4 Attractions and species growth 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Literature 8 External linksLocation editThe zoo is located directly by the Seine in the centre of Paris It takes up about one third of the Jardin des Plantes History editThe botanical garden edit Main article Jardin des plantes In the beginning the term Jardin des Plantes referred only to a botanical garden of 58 acres 230 000 m2 created and built by the royal physicians Jean Herouard and Guy de La Brosse It therefore became known as the royal herb garden Created in 1626 and opened for the public in 1635 it is the oldest part of the national research and educational institute for science the Museum national d histoire naturelle which was founded in 1793 The foundation of the menagerie edit nbsp Animal artists at the Jardin des Plantes Paris From the magazine L Illustration 7 August 1902 In the course of the French Revolution the menagerie was formally established in 1794 According to a decision of the National Assembly in 1793 exotic animals in private hands were to be donated to the Menagerie in Versailles or killed stuffed and donated to the natural scientists of the Jardin des Plantes However the scientists let the animals the exact number of which is unknown live The Royal Menagerie in Versailles menagerie royale was dissolved and these animals were also transferred to the Jardin des Plantes 3 Jacques Henri Bernardin de Saint Pierre 1737 1814 is considered to be the founder of the menagerie He was committed to the principles of keeping exotic animals in their natural environment having regard to their needs placing them under scientific supervision and allowing public access in the interest of public education The Jardin was free for all visitors and tourists right from its inception While the menagerie at first was just provisional it grew in the first three decades of the 19th century to be the largest exotic animal collection in Europe The Zoo was under the scientific leadership of the former head of the zoological department at the museum Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 1772 1844 From 1805 onwards the menagerie was under the leadership of Frederic Cuvier who was replaced in 1836 by Geoffroy s son Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Research editThe institutional incorporation of the menagerie within the National Research Institute of the National Natural History Museum facilitated the academic study of the animals by doctors and zoologists Studies related to systematics morphology and anatomy were all carried out notably by Georges Cuvier Etienne Geoffroy Frederic Cuvier the brother of Georges Cuvier performed research in the area of behavioral observation Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire and Frederic Cuvier published their results in the quarterly work Histoire des Mammifieres It was first published in 1826 and became one of the foundational books concerning the biology of exotic animals Furthermore F Cuvier s plans regarding the breeding of new domestic animal species were formulated Attractions and species growth edit nbsp Plan of the Menagerie du Jardin des plantes Paris France nbsp Pallas s cat at the zooThe expanding range of species was chiefly the result of French travelling researchers colonial officials and donations from private people which accounts for the fact that the animals in the Jardine were not limited to local French species The so called Rotonde was added to the basic enclosures in 1804 and from 1808 was used to harbour large animals such as elephants In 1805 the bear ditch followed and in 1821 a so called Fauverie or predator enclosure The Volieren enclosure voleries birdhouses for diurnal birds of prey was added in 1825 and two years later a birdhouse specifically for pheasants A monkey house was set up for the first time in 1837 while reptiles had to wait until 1870 for their enclosure Most animals were kept in functional classicist gallery like buildings In another part was the Vallee Suisse which had been built as a romantic garden Here were several small enclosures which held exotic animals such as antelopes Some buildings from this period still exist today the semicircular birdhouse for pheasants 1827 the reptile house and the new pheasants enclosure 1881 At the beginning of the 20th century a hibernation enclosure 1905 a small monkey house 1928 a vivarium 1929 another monkey house 1934 and a reptile house 1932 had been built A half century passed after this improvement without any further innovations except the restoration of the bear pit and some technical corrections A new enclosure for diurnal birds of prey was built in 1983 A variety of renovations were carried out in the 1980s At the beginning of the 21st century the pheasants enclosure from 1881 was renovated However as all of the structures are listed buildings it is almost impossible to create new structures here However the Jardin des Plantes still exists today and is the second oldest civil zoo in the world nbsp North Chinese leopards nbsp Southern pudu nbsp Sichuan takin nbsp Flamingos nbsp House for reptiles nbsp BinturongSee also editZarafa famous 19th century female Nubian giraffe and 18 year menagerie residentNotes edit a b c d Livet Jonas December 28 2003 Les Zoos dans le Monde Menagerie du Jardin des plantes leszoosdanslemonde com Archived from the original on May 17 2013 Retrieved September 1 2012 EAZA Member Zoos amp Aquariums eaza net EAZA Retrieved 23 November 2011 Deligeorges Gady Labalette Le Jardin des Plantes et le Museum National d Histoire Naturelle 2004 p 16 19Literature editDeligorges Stephan Gady Alexandre Labalette Francoise 2004 Le Jardin des plantes et le Museum national d histoire naturalle in French Editions du Patrimoine Centre des Monuments Nationaux ISBN 978 2 85822 601 6 Werner Kourist 400 Jahre Zoo Im Spiegel der Sammlung Werner Kourist Bonn 1976 S 70 73 Annelore Rieke Muller Lothar Dittrich Der Lowe brullt nebenan Die Grundung Zoologischer Garten im deutschsprachigen Raum 1833 1869 Koln Weimar Wien 1998 ISBN 3 412 00798 6 Eric Baratay Elisabeth Hardouin Fugier Zoo Von der Menagerie zum Tierpark Berlin 2000 ISBN 3 8031 3604 0 Lothar Dittrich Dietrich von Engelhardt amp Annelore Rieke Muller Hg Die Kulturgeschichte des Zoos Berlin 2001 ISBN 3 86135 482 9 Wilfrid Blunt The Ark in the Park The Zoo in the 19th Century London 1976 Richard W Burkhardt La Menagerie et la vie du Museum In Le Museum au premier siecle de son histoire hrsg v Claude Blanckaer et al Paris Editions du Museum national d histoire naturelle 1997 S 481 508 External links edit nbsp Media related to Menagerie du Jardin des Plantes at Wikimedia Commons Website of the Museum nationale d Histoire naturelle in English and French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Menagerie du Jardin des plantes amp oldid 1160438646, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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