Mário Schenberg (var. Mário Schönberg, Mario Schonberg, Mário Schoenberg; July 2, 1914 – November 10, 1990) was a Brazilian electrical engineer, physicist, art critic and writer.
One of the most important Brazilian physicists of the 'heroic era' (1900–1945), together with José Leite Lopes, Cesar Lattes, Jayme Tiomno, and Joaquim da Costa Ribeiro.
Schenberg was born in Recife, Brazil. His parents were Russian-Jews of German origin. From early on he showed remarkable ability for mathematics, enchanting himself with geometry, which had a strong influence on his works. Schenberg took the primary and secondary courses in Recife. Because of his family's financial limitations, he was not able to study in Europe. He then entered the Faculty of Engineering of Recife in 1931.
Scientific work
The Urca process
Widely regarded as one of Brazil's most important theoretical physicists, Schenberg is best remembered for his contributions to astrophysics, particularly the theory of nuclear processes in the formation of supernova stars. He provided the inspiration for the name of the so-called Urca process, a cycle of nuclear reactions in which a nucleus loses energy by absorbing an electron and then re-emitting a beta particle plus a neutrino-antineutrino pair, leading to the loss of internal supporting pressure and consequent collapse and explosion in the form of a supernova. George Gamow (1904–1968) was inspired to name the process Urca after the name of a casino in Rio de Janeiro, when Schenberg remarked to him that "the energy disappears in the nucleus of the supernova as quickly as the money disappeared at that roulette table".
In the University of São Paulo had Schönberg interacted closely with David Bohm during the final years of Bohm's exile in Brazil,[1] and in 1954 Schönberg demonstrated a link among the quantized motion of the Madelung fluid and the trajectories of the de Broglie–Bohm theory.[2] He wrote a series of publications of 1957/1958 on geometric algebras that stand in relation to quantum physics and quantum field theory. He pointed out that those algebras can be described in terms of extensions of the commutative and the anti-commutative Grassmann algebras which have the same structure as the boson algebra and the fermion algebra of creation and annihilation operators. These algebras, in turn, are related to the symplectic algebra and Clifford algebra, respectively.[3] In a paper published in 1958, Schönberg suggested to add a new idempotent to the Heisenberg algebra,[4] and this suggestion was taken up and expanded upon in the 1980s by Basil Hiley and his co-workers in their work on algebraic formulations of quantum mechanics;[1][3][5] this work was performed at Birkbeck College where Bohm had become professor of physics in the meantime. Schönberg's ideas have also been cited in connection with algebraic approaches to describe relativistic phase space.[6]
His work has been cited, together with that of Marcel Riesz, for its importance to Clifford algebras and mathematical physics in the proceedings of a workshop held in France in 1989 which had been dedicated to these two mathematicians.[7]
^ abInterview with Basil Hiley conducted by Olival Freire on January 11, 2008, Oral History Transcript, Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics
^Schönberg, M. (1954). "On the hydrodynamical model of the quantum mechanics". Il Nuovo Cimento. 12 (1): 103–133. Bibcode:1954NCim...12..103S. doi:10.1007/BF02820368. S2CID 123655548. (abstract)
^ abF. A. M. Frescura, B. J. Hiley: Algebras, quantum theory and pre-space, p. 3–4 (published in Revista Brasileira de Fisica, Volume Especial, Julho 1984, Os 70 anos de Mario Schonberg, pp. 49–86)
^M. Schönberg, Quantum mechanics and geometry, An. Acad. Brasil. Cien., 30, pp. 1–20, 1958. Cited after: F. A. M. Frescura, B. J. Hiley: Algebras, quantum theory and pre-space, p. 3–4 (published in Revista Brasileira de Fisica, Volume Especial, Julho 1984, Os 70 anos de Mario Schonberg, pp. 49–86)
^B. J. Hiley: A note on the role of idempotents in the extended Heisenberg algebra, Implications, Scientific Aspects of ANPA 22, pp. 107–121, Cambridge, 2001
^M.C.B. Fernandes, J.D.M. Vianna: On the generalized phase space approach to Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau particles, Foundations of Physics, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 201–219, 1999, doi:10.1023/A:1018869505031 (abstract), therein p. 201
^Artibani Micali, Roger Boudet, Jacques Helmstetter (edds.): Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics. Workshop Proceedings: 2nd (Fundamental Theories of Physics), Kluwer, 1989, ISBN0-7923-1623-1, Foreword (in French language)
^Barros, Alberto Luiz da Rocha (1991). "Schenberg: nada que é humano lhe era estranho" (PDF). Estudos Avançados (in Portuguese). University of São Paulo. 5 (11): 197–198. doi:10.1590/S0103-40141991000100011. ISSN 0103-4014. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Mario Schenberg news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Mario Schenberg var Mario Schonberg Mario Schonberg Mario Schoenberg July 2 1914 November 10 1990 was a Brazilian electrical engineer physicist art critic and writer Mario SchenbergBornMayer Schonberg 1914 07 02 July 2 1914Recife Pernambuco BrazilDiedNovember 10 1990 1990 11 10 aged 76 Sao Paulo BrazilAlma materUniversity of Sao PauloKnown forSchonberg Chandrasekhar limit Urca processScientific careerFieldsTheoretical physicsDoctoral studentsJose Leite LopesNotesOne of the most important Brazilian physicists of the heroic era 1900 1945 together with Jose Leite Lopes Cesar Lattes Jayme Tiomno and Joaquim da Costa Ribeiro Contents 1 Early life 2 Scientific work 2 1 The Urca process 2 2 Schonberg Chandrasekhar limit 2 3 Quantum physics and geometric algebra 3 Politics and life 4 Articles 5 See also 6 ReferencesEarly life EditSchenberg was born in Recife Brazil His parents were Russian Jews of German origin From early on he showed remarkable ability for mathematics enchanting himself with geometry which had a strong influence on his works Schenberg took the primary and secondary courses in Recife Because of his family s financial limitations he was not able to study in Europe He then entered the Faculty of Engineering of Recife in 1931 Scientific work EditThe Urca process Edit Widely regarded as one of Brazil s most important theoretical physicists Schenberg is best remembered for his contributions to astrophysics particularly the theory of nuclear processes in the formation of supernova stars He provided the inspiration for the name of the so called Urca process a cycle of nuclear reactions in which a nucleus loses energy by absorbing an electron and then re emitting a beta particle plus a neutrino antineutrino pair leading to the loss of internal supporting pressure and consequent collapse and explosion in the form of a supernova George Gamow 1904 1968 was inspired to name the process Urca after the name of a casino in Rio de Janeiro when Schenberg remarked to him that the energy disappears in the nucleus of the supernova as quickly as the money disappeared at that roulette table Schonberg Chandrasekhar limit Edit Together with Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910 1995 he discovered and published in 1942 the so called Schonberg Chandrasekhar limit which is the maximum mass of the core of a star that can support the overlying layers against gravitational collapse once the core hydrogen is exhausted Quantum physics and geometric algebra Edit In the University of Sao Paulo had Schonberg interacted closely with David Bohm during the final years of Bohm s exile in Brazil 1 and in 1954 Schonberg demonstrated a link among the quantized motion of the Madelung fluid and the trajectories of the de Broglie Bohm theory 2 He wrote a series of publications of 1957 1958 on geometric algebras that stand in relation to quantum physics and quantum field theory He pointed out that those algebras can be described in terms of extensions of the commutative and the anti commutative Grassmann algebras which have the same structure as the boson algebra and the fermion algebra of creation and annihilation operators These algebras in turn are related to the symplectic algebra and Clifford algebra respectively 3 In a paper published in 1958 Schonberg suggested to add a new idempotent to the Heisenberg algebra 4 and this suggestion was taken up and expanded upon in the 1980s by Basil Hiley and his co workers in their work on algebraic formulations of quantum mechanics 1 3 5 this work was performed at Birkbeck College where Bohm had become professor of physics in the meantime Schonberg s ideas have also been cited in connection with algebraic approaches to describe relativistic phase space 6 His work has been cited together with that of Marcel Riesz for its importance to Clifford algebras and mathematical physics in the proceedings of a workshop held in France in 1989 which had been dedicated to these two mathematicians 7 Politics and life EditSchenberg was also a member of the Brazilian Communist Party 8 9 and professor of the University of Sao Paulo Articles EditHis articles include M Schonberg Quantum kinematics and geometry Il Nuovo Cimento 1955 1965 vol 6 Supplement 1 pp 356 380 1957 doi 10 1007 BF02724793 preview M Schonberg S Chandrasekhar On the Evolution of the Main Sequence Stars Astrophysical Journal vol 96 no p 161 ff 1942 fulltextSee also EditMario Schenberg Gravitational Wave Detector a spherical resonant mass gravitational wave detector named after Mario SchenbergReferences Edit a b Interview with Basil Hiley conducted by Olival Freire on January 11 2008 Oral History Transcript Niels Bohr Library amp Archives American Institute of Physics Schonberg M 1954 On the hydrodynamical model of the quantum mechanics Il Nuovo Cimento 12 1 103 133 Bibcode 1954NCim 12 103S doi 10 1007 BF02820368 S2CID 123655548 abstract a b F A M Frescura B J Hiley Algebras quantum theory and pre space p 3 4 published in Revista Brasileira de Fisica Volume Especial Julho 1984 Os 70 anos de Mario Schonberg pp 49 86 M Schonberg Quantum mechanics and geometry An Acad Brasil Cien 30 pp 1 20 1958 Cited after F A M Frescura B J Hiley Algebras quantum theory and pre space p 3 4 published in Revista Brasileira de Fisica Volume Especial Julho 1984 Os 70 anos de Mario Schonberg pp 49 86 B J Hiley A note on the role of idempotents in the extended Heisenberg algebra Implications Scientific Aspects of ANPA 22 pp 107 121 Cambridge 2001 M C B Fernandes J D M Vianna On the generalized phase space approach to Duffin Kemmer Petiau particles Foundations of Physics vol 29 no 2 pp 201 219 1999 doi 10 1023 A 1018869505031 abstract therein p 201 Artibani Micali Roger Boudet Jacques Helmstetter edds Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics Workshop Proceedings 2nd Fundamental Theories of Physics Kluwer 1989 ISBN 0 7923 1623 1 Foreword in French language Beauchesne Kim Santos Alessandra 2011 The Utopian Impulse in Latin America Palgrave Macmillan p 177 ISBN 9780230339613 Barros Alberto Luiz da Rocha 1991 Schenberg nada que e humano lhe era estranho PDF Estudos Avancados in Portuguese University of Sao Paulo 5 11 197 198 doi 10 1590 S0103 40141991000100011 ISSN 0103 4014 Retrieved December 7 2015 Preceded byJose Goldemberg President of the Brazilian Society of Physics1979 1981 Succeeded byHerch Moyses Nussenzveig Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mario Schenberg amp oldid 1088516536, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
