Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الرحمن آل سعودMuḥammad bin ʿAbd ar Raḥman Āl Suʿūd; c. 1877 – 25 July 1943)[1] was an Arabian soldier and politician who played a role in the conquests of his half-brother Abdulaziz that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad was the son of the last emir of Nejd, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, and Sara bint Jiluwi, both from the House of Saud. Muhammad was an early supporter of his half-brother, King Abdulaziz,[2] but they had a falling-out after both attempted to place their sons in line for kingship. This conflict may have led to the death of Muhammad's son Khalid in 1938.[3] Muhammad later became a virtual non-entity in Saudi politics and died in Riyadh in 1943.
Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman was the son of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, twice Emir of Nejd, and his cousin Sara bint Jiluwi.[4] His paternal grandfather was Emir Faisal bin Turki,[5] and his maternal grandfather was Emir Faisal's brother Jiluwi bin Turki.[4] He had a number of half-siblings from his father's other marriages;[6] his half-brother Abdulaziz would become the king of Saudi Arabia, while his half-brothers Abdullah, Ahmed, and Musaid would have a role in the Saudi government.[7] Muhammad was said to be particularly close to his half-brother Abdulaziz and his half-sisters Noura and Al Jawhara.[4] Muhammad and Abdulaziz were fond of their sister Noura, and both men were known to say, "I am the brother of Noura."[8][4]
There is some controversy regarding Muhammad's date of birth, with some sources making him older than Abdulaziz, an important factor in his later maneuvering for the succession. In a publication by his family his birth year is given as 1877.[4] It is also stated that he was born in Riyadh[9] and was younger than Abdulaziz.[4] After his father lost power in 1891, the family went into exile in Kuwait.[10]
Activities and career
Muhammad accompanied his brother Abdulaziz on the latter's raid from November 1901 to January 1902, which resulted in Abdulaziz retaking the Masmak Castle and regaining control over Riyadh.[11] Muhammad and his cousin Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz led the forces which helped Abdulaziz in the battle of Kanzan in 1915.[12] In that battle the Al Ajman tribe wounded Abdulaziz and killed Muhammad's younger half-brother Saad bin Abdul Rahman. The Al Ajman then surrounded Abdulaziz's forces for almost six months before Abdulaziz managed to escape from them with the assistance of Muhammad and Saud Al Kabeer.[12] In 1917 Muhammad went to Hajj being the first Al Saud member who made the pilgrimage after the establishment of the Kingdom of Hejaz in 1916.[13] He headed a group of 12,500 Najdi, and 7,000 of them were armed.[13] In 1920 Muhammad and his nephew Prince Saud, eldest surviving son of Abdulaziz, were sent to capture the Hail Province.[12][14] Next year Muhammad also accompanied Prince Saud against the Al Rashidi forces.[15]
After Abdulaziz took control over most of Arabia and proclaimed himself king, Muhammad was appointed governor of Mecca.[16] He aspired to gain a much more powerful position in the government for himself and his son Khalid.[17][18] To achieve his goals Muhammad attempted to eliminate Prince Saud, son of King Abdulaziz, in 1927 and in 1930, but both attempts were unsuccessful.[18][19] When Saud was made crown prince in May 1933, King Abdulaziz asked the members of the Al Saud to pledge allegiance to Saud. Muhammad did not declare his allegiance and left Riyadh[17][19] and settled in Mecca.[9] However, his son Khalid attended the ceremony to pledge allegiance to Saud.[15]
Prince Muhammad and other senior family members met with King Abdulaziz upon the latter's request in late December 1934 to reaffirm their allegiance to Crown Prince Saud.[15] However, Muhammad and his brothers Abdullah and Ahmed told the king that their allegiance to him was still active, but they did not renew their allegiance to the crown prince.[15] Then they sent a letter to King Abdulaziz explaining the reasons for their views about Crown Prince Saud.[15]
Personal life and death
One of the early palaces following the establishment of the Kingdom was built by Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman outside the walls of Riyadh which is called Atiqah Palace.[20][21]
Muhammad married many times. One of his wives was Hassa bint Ahmad Al Sudairi, who was the mother of Sudairi Seven.[1][22] They had a son, Abdullah bin Muhammad. Another spouse of Muhammad was Munira bint Abdullah Al Shaikh,[4] who was the sister of Tarfa bint Abdullah, mother of King Faisal.[6] Muhammad also married a daughter of Sultan bin Bajad Al Otaibi who was from a leading family in the Ghut Ghut branch of the Otaibi tribe and one of the rebellious Ikhwan leaders.[15] Following his settlement in Mecca in 1935 Muhammad married a daughter of Abdullah bin Hasan Al Sheikh, chief qadi of the country.[17]
Muhammad had twenty-five children: twelve sons and thirteen daughters.[4] His eldest son, Khalid, married King Faisal's only full sister, Noura, in 1934.[23] He was killed in a car crash on Al Dahna and Kuwait road.[1] One of Khalid's daughters, Al Jawhara, married to Abdullah bin Faisal, the eldest son of King Faisal.[24]
Muhammad's second eldest son was Fahd (1904–?) who married King Abdulaziz's daughter Sheikha and was the governor of Al Qassim Province[1] who was appointed to the post on 29 June 1969.[25] One of Fahd's daughters is Al Jawhara who is a member of the Consultative Council. Muhammad's grandson Fahd bin Abdullah bin Muhammad was deputy defence minister.[26]
One of Muhammad's great-grandsons, Khalid bin Saud bin Khalid, was a high-ranking official at the ministry of foreign affairs.[1] The daughter of Khalid bin Saud is married to Saud bin Khalid, son of Khalid bin Faisal, governor of Mecca Province.[27] Other great-grandchildren of Muhammad are directors of King Faisal Foundation.[1] For instance, as of 2012 Bandar bin Saud bin Khalid Al Saud was the deputy managing director of the foundation.[28]
Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman died in Riyadh on 25 July 1943[1][9] and was buried in Al Oud cemetery there.[4]
References
^ abcdefgSabri Sharaf (2001). The House of Saud in commerce: A study of royal entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. New Delhi: I.S. Publications. ISBN81-901254-0-0.
^Mai Yamani (January–March 2009). "From fragility to stability: a survival strategy for the Saudi monarchy". Contemporary Arab Affairs. 2 (1): 91. doi:10.1080/17550910802576114. JSTOR 48599662.
^James Wynbrandt (2010). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia. New York: Facts on File. p. 182. ISBN978-0-8160-7876-9.
^ abcdefghi(PDF). Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman and Family Charitable Organization. pp. 55–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2012.
^. King Abdulaziz Information Source. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014.
^Christopher Keesee Mellon (May 2015). "Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy: 1745-1975" (Master's Project). The American University of Beirut. Beirut. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
^"King Abdulaziz' Noble Character" (PDF). Islam House. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
^ abc"Amir Mohamet, Kin of King Ibn Saud". The New York Times. London. 28 July 1943. ProQuest 106667906. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
^Lawrence Paul Goldrup (1971). Saudi Arabia 1902 - 1932: The Development of a Wahhabi Society (PhD thesis). University of California, Los Angeles. p. 25. ProQuest 302463650.
^ abcTalal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma (1999). The role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul'Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916–1934 (PhD thesis). Durham University. pp. 65, 151.
^ abJoshua Teitelbaum (2020). "Hashemites, Egyptians and Saudis: the tripartite struggle for the pilgrimage in the shadow of Ottoman defeat". Middle Eastern Studies. 56 (1): 40. doi:10.1080/00263206.2019.1650349. S2CID 202264793.
^Mohammad Zaid Al Kahtani (December 2004). The Foreign Policy of King Abdulaziz (PhD thesis). University of Leeds. p. 10.
^ abcdefAlexander Blay Bligh (1981). Succession to the throne in Saudi Arabia. Court Politics in the Twentieth Century (PhD thesis). Columbia University. ProQuest 303101806.
^Michael Herb (1999). All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in Middle Eastern Monarchies. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 89. ISBN978-0-7914-4168-8.
^ abcAlexander B. Bligh (1985). "The Saudi religious elite (Ulama) as participant in the political system of the kingdom". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 17: 37–50. doi:10.1017/S0020743800028750.
^ abعورات آل سعود المستورة الانقلاب الأول. Sasa Post (in Arabic). 30 May 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
^ abMuhammad bin Ali Al Kubaisi (18 February 2018). آل سعود .. البيت المتصدع. Al Sharq (in Arabic). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
^"Murabba Palace: The historical divan of King Abdul Aziz". McClatchy – Tribune Business News. Jeddah. 24 September 2012. ProQuest 1065122513.
^Mashary A. Al Naim (December 2013). "Urban Transformation in the City of Riyadh: A Study of Plural Urban Identity". Open House International. 38 (4): 70–79. doi:10.1108/OHI-04-2013-B0008. ProQuest 456297.
^"Prince Fahd bin Abdullah appointment". Gulf States Newsletter. 25 April 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
^As'ad Abukhalil (2011). The Battle for Saudi Arabia: Royalty, Fundamentalism, and Global Power. New York: Seven Stories Press. p. 9. ISBN978-1-60980-173-1.
^وفاة الأميرة الجوهرة بنت خالد آل سعود. Al Sharq Al Awsat (in Arabic). 16 November 2005. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
^Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Harvard University. p. 261. ProQuest 303295482.
^"Bin Salman and the end of Saudi's consensus rule". Al Jazeera.
^الأمير خالد الفيصل يحتفل بزواج ابنه الأمير سعود من كريمة الأمير خالد بن سعود. Al Riyadh (in Arabic). 5 March 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
^. King Faisal Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
External links
Media related to Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud at Wikimedia Commons
April 11, 2023
muhammad, abdul, rahman, saud, other, people, named, mohamed, abdel, rahman, mohamed, abdel, rahman, disambiguation, arabic, محمد, بن, عبد, الرحمن, آل, سعود, muḥammad, ʿabd, raḥman, suʿūd, 1877, july, 1943, arabian, soldier, politician, played, role, conquests. For other people named Mohamed Abdel Rahman see Mohamed Abdel Rahman disambiguation Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud Arabic محمد بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود Muḥammad bin ʿAbd ar Raḥman Al Suʿud c 1877 25 July 1943 1 was an Arabian soldier and politician who played a role in the conquests of his half brother Abdulaziz that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al SaudPhoto by Captain William Shakespear 1911Bornc 1877Riyadh NejdDied25 July 1943 1943 00 00 aged 65 66 Riyadh Saudi ArabiaBurialAl Oud cemetery RiyadhSpouseSee list Hassa bint Ahmed Al SudairiMunira bint Abdullah Al SheikhA daughter of Sultan bin Bajad Al OtaibiA daughter of Abdullah bin Hasan Al SheikhIssueSee list Prince KhalidPrince FahdPrince AbdullahPrince Bandar8 other sons13 daughtersNamesMuhammad bin Abdul Rahman bin FaisalHouseAl SaudFatherAbdul Rahman bin Faisal Emir of NejdMotherSara bint Jiluwi bin TurkiOccupationMilitary officer politicianMilitary careerService wbr branchSaudi Arabian ArmyYears of service1901 1921Battles warsUnification of Saudi ArabiaMuhammad was the son of the last emir of Nejd Abdul Rahman bin Faisal and Sara bint Jiluwi both from the House of Saud Muhammad was an early supporter of his half brother King Abdulaziz 2 but they had a falling out after both attempted to place their sons in line for kingship This conflict may have led to the death of Muhammad s son Khalid in 1938 3 Muhammad later became a virtual non entity in Saudi politics and died in Riyadh in 1943 Contents 1 Early life 2 Activities and career 3 Personal life and death 4 References 5 External linksEarly life EditMuhammad bin Abdul Rahman was the son of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal twice Emir of Nejd and his cousin Sara bint Jiluwi 4 His paternal grandfather was Emir Faisal bin Turki 5 and his maternal grandfather was Emir Faisal s brother Jiluwi bin Turki 4 He had a number of half siblings from his father s other marriages 6 his half brother Abdulaziz would become the king of Saudi Arabia while his half brothers Abdullah Ahmed and Musaid would have a role in the Saudi government 7 Muhammad was said to be particularly close to his half brother Abdulaziz and his half sisters Noura and Al Jawhara 4 Muhammad and Abdulaziz were fond of their sister Noura and both men were known to say I am the brother of Noura 8 4 There is some controversy regarding Muhammad s date of birth with some sources making him older than Abdulaziz an important factor in his later maneuvering for the succession In a publication by his family his birth year is given as 1877 4 It is also stated that he was born in Riyadh 9 and was younger than Abdulaziz 4 After his father lost power in 1891 the family went into exile in Kuwait 10 Activities and career EditMuhammad accompanied his brother Abdulaziz on the latter s raid from November 1901 to January 1902 which resulted in Abdulaziz retaking the Masmak Castle and regaining control over Riyadh 11 Muhammad and his cousin Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz led the forces which helped Abdulaziz in the battle of Kanzan in 1915 12 In that battle the Al Ajman tribe wounded Abdulaziz and killed Muhammad s younger half brother Saad bin Abdul Rahman The Al Ajman then surrounded Abdulaziz s forces for almost six months before Abdulaziz managed to escape from them with the assistance of Muhammad and Saud Al Kabeer 12 In 1917 Muhammad went to Hajj being the first Al Saud member who made the pilgrimage after the establishment of the Kingdom of Hejaz in 1916 13 He headed a group of 12 500 Najdi and 7 000 of them were armed 13 In 1920 Muhammad and his nephew Prince Saud eldest surviving son of Abdulaziz were sent to capture the Hail Province 12 14 Next year Muhammad also accompanied Prince Saud against the Al Rashidi forces 15 After Abdulaziz took control over most of Arabia and proclaimed himself king Muhammad was appointed governor of Mecca 16 He aspired to gain a much more powerful position in the government for himself and his son Khalid 17 18 To achieve his goals Muhammad attempted to eliminate Prince Saud son of King Abdulaziz in 1927 and in 1930 but both attempts were unsuccessful 18 19 When Saud was made crown prince in May 1933 King Abdulaziz asked the members of the Al Saud to pledge allegiance to Saud Muhammad did not declare his allegiance and left Riyadh 17 19 and settled in Mecca 9 However his son Khalid attended the ceremony to pledge allegiance to Saud 15 Prince Muhammad and other senior family members met with King Abdulaziz upon the latter s request in late December 1934 to reaffirm their allegiance to Crown Prince Saud 15 However Muhammad and his brothers Abdullah and Ahmed told the king that their allegiance to him was still active but they did not renew their allegiance to the crown prince 15 Then they sent a letter to King Abdulaziz explaining the reasons for their views about Crown Prince Saud 15 Personal life and death EditOne of the early palaces following the establishment of the Kingdom was built by Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman outside the walls of Riyadh which is called Atiqah Palace 20 21 Muhammad married many times One of his wives was Hassa bint Ahmad Al Sudairi who was the mother of Sudairi Seven 1 22 They had a son Abdullah bin Muhammad Another spouse of Muhammad was Munira bint Abdullah Al Shaikh 4 who was the sister of Tarfa bint Abdullah mother of King Faisal 6 Muhammad also married a daughter of Sultan bin Bajad Al Otaibi who was from a leading family in the Ghut Ghut branch of the Otaibi tribe and one of the rebellious Ikhwan leaders 15 Following his settlement in Mecca in 1935 Muhammad married a daughter of Abdullah bin Hasan Al Sheikh chief qadi of the country 17 Muhammad had twenty five children twelve sons and thirteen daughters 4 His eldest son Khalid married King Faisal s only full sister Noura in 1934 23 He was killed in a car crash on Al Dahna and Kuwait road 1 One of Khalid s daughters Al Jawhara married to Abdullah bin Faisal the eldest son of King Faisal 24 Muhammad s second eldest son was Fahd 1904 who married King Abdulaziz s daughter Sheikha and was the governor of Al Qassim Province 1 who was appointed to the post on 29 June 1969 25 One of Fahd s daughters is Al Jawhara who is a member of the Consultative Council Muhammad s grandson Fahd bin Abdullah bin Muhammad was deputy defence minister 26 One of Muhammad s great grandsons Khalid bin Saud bin Khalid was a high ranking official at the ministry of foreign affairs 1 The daughter of Khalid bin Saud is married to Saud bin Khalid son of Khalid bin Faisal governor of Mecca Province 27 Other great grandchildren of Muhammad are directors of King Faisal Foundation 1 For instance as of 2012 Bandar bin Saud bin Khalid Al Saud was the deputy managing director of the foundation 28 Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman died in Riyadh on 25 July 1943 1 9 and was buried in Al Oud cemetery there 4 References Edit a b c d e f g Sabri Sharaf 2001 The House of Saud in commerce A study of royal entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia New Delhi I S Publications ISBN 81 901254 0 0 Mai Yamani January March 2009 From fragility to stability a survival strategy for the Saudi monarchy Contemporary Arab Affairs 2 1 91 doi 10 1080 17550910802576114 JSTOR 48599662 James Wynbrandt 2010 A Brief History of Saudi Arabia New York Facts on File p 182 ISBN 978 0 8160 7876 9 a b c d e f g h i Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman Al Faisal Al Saud PDF Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman and Family Charitable Organization pp 55 56 Archived from the original PDF on 17 September 2012 Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud 1 King Abdulaziz Information Source Archived from the original on 21 February 2014 a b Alexei Vassiliev 2013 King Faisal Personality Faith and Times London Saqi p 12 ISBN 978 0 86356 761 2 Christopher Keesee Mellon May 2015 Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy 1745 1975 Master s Project The American University of Beirut Beirut Retrieved 23 January 2021 King Abdulaziz Noble Character PDF Islam House Retrieved 29 April 2012 a b c Amir Mohamet Kin of King Ibn Saud The New York Times London 28 July 1943 ProQuest 106667906 Retrieved 30 August 2020 Joel Carmichael July 1942 Prince of Arabs Foreign Affairs 20 4 719 731 doi 10 2307 20029188 JSTOR 20029188 Lawrence Paul Goldrup 1971 Saudi Arabia 1902 1932 The Development of a Wahhabi Society PhD thesis University of California Los Angeles p 25 ProQuest 302463650 a b c Talal Sha yfan Muslat Al Azma 1999 The role of the Ikhwan under Abdul Aziz Al Sa ud 1916 1934 PhD thesis Durham University pp 65 151 a b Joshua Teitelbaum 2020 Hashemites Egyptians and Saudis the tripartite struggle for the pilgrimage in the shadow of Ottoman defeat Middle Eastern Studies 56 1 40 doi 10 1080 00263206 2019 1650349 S2CID 202264793 Mohammad Zaid Al Kahtani December 2004 The Foreign Policy of King Abdulaziz PhD thesis University of Leeds p 10 a b c d e f Alexander Blay Bligh 1981 Succession to the throne in Saudi Arabia Court Politics in the Twentieth Century PhD thesis Columbia University ProQuest 303101806 Michael Herb 1999 All in the Family Absolutism Revolution and Democracy in Middle Eastern Monarchies Albany NY SUNY Press p 89 ISBN 978 0 7914 4168 8 a b c Alexander B Bligh 1985 The Saudi religious elite Ulama as participant in the political system of the kingdom International Journal of Middle East Studies 17 37 50 doi 10 1017 S0020743800028750 a b عورات آل سعود المستورة الانقلاب الأول Sasa Post in Arabic 30 May 2015 Retrieved 3 October 2020 a b Muhammad bin Ali Al Kubaisi 18 February 2018 آل سعود البيت المتصدع Al Sharq in Arabic Retrieved 15 May 2021 Murabba Palace The historical divan of King Abdul Aziz McClatchy Tribune Business News Jeddah 24 September 2012 ProQuest 1065122513 Mashary A Al Naim December 2013 Urban Transformation in the City of Riyadh A Study of Plural Urban Identity Open House International 38 4 70 79 doi 10 1108 OHI 04 2013 B0008 ProQuest 456297 Prince Fahd bin Abdullah appointment Gulf States Newsletter 25 April 2013 Retrieved 7 August 2013 As ad Abukhalil 2011 The Battle for Saudi Arabia Royalty Fundamentalism and Global Power New York Seven Stories Press p 9 ISBN 978 1 60980 173 1 وفاة الأميرة الجوهرة بنت خالد آل سعود Al Sharq Al Awsat in Arabic 16 November 2005 Retrieved 8 October 2020 Gary Samuel Samore 1984 Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia 1953 1982 PhD thesis Harvard University p 261 ProQuest 303295482 Bin Salman and the end of Saudi s consensus rule Al Jazeera الأمير خالد الفيصل يحتفل بزواج ابنه الأمير سعود من كريمة الأمير خالد بن سعود Al Riyadh in Arabic 5 March 2010 Retrieved 24 March 2012 Statement King Faisal Foundation Archived from the original on 29 August 2012 Retrieved 9 August 2012 External links EditA biography on Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Media related to Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud amp oldid 1124094393, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
