Mu'awiya ibn Yazid (Arabic: معاوية بن يزيد, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Yazīd; c. 664 – 684 CE), usually known simply as Mu'awiya II was the third Umayyad caliph. He succeeded his father Yazid I as the third caliph and last caliph of the Sufyanid line in the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled briefly in 683-684 (64 AH) before he died.[1]
Mu'awiya was the son of Yazid I and an unknown mother from the Kalb tribe. She is often confused with Umm Hashim Fakhita bint Abi Hashim, mother of Mu'awiya's half-brother Khalid ibn Yazid.[1]
Reign
Before Yazid I died, he had the bay'ah made to his son Mu'awiya. Mu'awiya succeeded his father in Damascus in 64 AH (November 683 CE), at an age of somewhere between 17 and 23. He was supported by the Kalb tribe, but his authority was likely only recognised in Damascus and southern Syria, with Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr claiming the caliphate from his base in the Hejaz.[1]
Mu'awiya's reign would have lasted for about 20 days to 4 months, but likely no more than 2 months. Given the short span of time, few events were possible, and some of those transmitted may be unreliable political and sectarian fabrications. These include:[1]
Being a member of the Qadariyya, resulting from the belief that Mu'awiya abdicated before his death.
Denouncing his predecessors' tyranny and injustice towards the Alids.[2]
Having the kunyaAbu Layla ("Father of Layla"),[3]: 428–429 a name often applied to weak persons. This was suspicious because he had no children.
Abdication before his death,[3]: 468 originating from later Marwanid propaganda.
What does seem certain, is that Mu'awiya continued his father's policy and remitted a third of the taxes.[4] During his reign, Mu'awiya suffered from ill health and so had to stay in the Umayyad palace (al-Khaḍrā’) in Damascus. His adviser Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri took care of practical affairs.[1]
Death and legacy
Umayyad Caliphate coin at the time of Mu'awiya II ibn Yazid. MRW (Marw) mint; "Abd Allah ibn Khazim, governor". Dated AH 64 (AD 683/4). Sasanian style bust imitating Khosrau II right; bismillah and three pellets in margin; c/m: animal left in incuse/ Fire altar with ribbons and attendants; star and crescent flanking flames; date to left, mint to right.
It is unclear how Mu'awiya died, although jaundice and a plague have been named as causes. Since he had no children and either refused[3]: 577 or was not given the opportunity to appoint a successor, the campaigns against Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt came to a complete stop. Umayyad power temporarily collapsed until Marwan I took back control.[1]
In his al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, Ibn Arabi claimed that Muawiyya II was a spiritual Pole (Ghawth) of his time and one of the few in history having such a spiritual degree combined with a temporal power, like the Rashidun Caliphs and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.[5]
^Lammens, Henri (1920). "Moʿâwia II ou le dernier des Sofiânides". Études sur le siècle des Omayyades. Beirut. pp. 177–179.
^"Parmi les Pôles, il en est dont l'autorité se manifeste et qui détiennent le Califat extérieur, de même qu'en vertu de leur degré spirituel ils détiennent la lieutenance ésotérique. Tel fut le cas de Abû Bakr, de 'Umar, de 'Uthmân, de 'Alî de Al Hasan, de Mu'âwiyah Ibn Yazîd, de 'Umar Ibn 'Abd Il 'Azîz et de Al Mutawakkil " (translation: There are Poles whose authority is manifest and who hold foreign Caliphate, and that according to their spiritual degree they hold esoteric authority to. Such was the case with Abû Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthmân, 'Alî, Al Hasan, Mu'âwiyah Ibn Yazîd, 'Umar Ibn 'Abd Il 'Azîz and Al Mutawakkil) Le Sceau des Saints, trans. Michel Chodkiewicz, Éditions Gallimard, Paris 1986, p. 121-122.
awiya, awiya, yazid, arabic, معاوية, بن, يزيد, romanized, muʿāwiya, yazīd, usually, known, simply, third, umayyad, caliph, succeeded, father, yazid, third, caliph, last, caliph, sufyanid, line, umayyad, dynasty, ruled, briefly, before, died, awiya, yazid, معاو. Mu awiya ibn Yazid Arabic معاوية بن يزيد romanized Muʿawiya ibn Yazid c 664 684 CE usually known simply as Mu awiya II was the third Umayyad caliph He succeeded his father Yazid I as the third caliph and last caliph of the Sufyanid line in the Umayyad dynasty He ruled briefly in 683 684 64 AH before he died 1 Mu awiya ibn Yazid معاوية بن يزيدKhalifahAmir al Mu minin3rd Caliph of the Umayyad caliphateReign683 684PredecessorYazid ISuccessorMarwan IBornc 664 CEBilad al ShamDiedc 684 CE aged 19 20 Damascus Umayyad Caliphate present day Syria HouseSufyanidDynastyUmayyadFatherYazidReligionIslamArabic namePersonal Ism MuʿawiyaمعاويةPatronymic Nasab ibn Yazidبن يزيدTeknonymic Kunya Abu Layla Contents 1 Early life 2 Reign 3 Death and legacy 4 ReferencesEarly life EditMu awiya was the son of Yazid I and an unknown mother from the Kalb tribe She is often confused with Umm Hashim Fakhita bint Abi Hashim mother of Mu awiya s half brother Khalid ibn Yazid 1 Reign EditBefore Yazid I died he had the bay ah made to his son Mu awiya Mu awiya succeeded his father in Damascus in 64 AH November 683 CE at an age of somewhere between 17 and 23 He was supported by the Kalb tribe but his authority was likely only recognised in Damascus and southern Syria with Abd Allah ibn al Zubayr claiming the caliphate from his base in the Hejaz 1 Mu awiya s reign would have lasted for about 20 days to 4 months but likely no more than 2 months Given the short span of time few events were possible and some of those transmitted may be unreliable political and sectarian fabrications These include 1 Being a member of the Qadariyya resulting from the belief that Mu awiya abdicated before his death Denouncing his predecessors tyranny and injustice towards the Alids 2 Having the kunya Abu Layla Father of Layla 3 428 429 a name often applied to weak persons This was suspicious because he had no children Abdication before his death 3 468 originating from later Marwanid propaganda What does seem certain is that Mu awiya continued his father s policy and remitted a third of the taxes 4 During his reign Mu awiya suffered from ill health and so had to stay in the Umayyad palace al Khaḍra in Damascus His adviser Al Dahhak ibn Qays al Fihri took care of practical affairs 1 Death and legacy Edit Umayyad Caliphate coin at the time of Mu awiya II ibn Yazid MRW Marw mint Abd Allah ibn Khazim governor Dated AH 64 AD 683 4 Sasanian style bust imitating Khosrau II right bismillah and three pellets in margin c m animal left in incuse Fire altar with ribbons and attendants star and crescent flanking flames date to left mint to right It is unclear how Mu awiya died although jaundice and a plague have been named as causes Since he had no children and either refused 3 577 or was not given the opportunity to appoint a successor the campaigns against Ibn al Zubayr s revolt came to a complete stop Umayyad power temporarily collapsed until Marwan I took back control 1 In his al Futuḥat al Makkiyya Ibn Arabi claimed that Muawiyya II was a spiritual Pole Ghawth of his time and one of the few in history having such a spiritual degree combined with a temporal power like the Rashidun Caliphs and Umar ibn Abd al Aziz 5 References Edit a b c d e f Bosworth C E 1993 Muʿawiya II In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume VII Mif Naz Leiden E J Brill ISBN 978 90 04 09419 2 Ya qubi Tarikh al Yaqubi pp 302 303 a b c Al Tabari Henri Lammens ed Annales quos scripsit Abu Djafar Mohammed ibn Djarir at Tabari Vol II Lammens Henri 1920 Moʿawia II ou le dernier des Sofianides Etudes sur le siecle des Omayyades Beirut pp 177 179 Parmi les Poles il en est dont l autorite se manifeste et qui detiennent le Califat exterieur de meme qu en vertu de leur degre spirituel ils detiennent la lieutenance esoterique Tel fut le cas de Abu Bakr de Umar de Uthman de Ali de Al Hasan de Mu awiyah Ibn Yazid de Umar Ibn Abd Il Aziz et de Al Mutawakkil translation There are Poles whose authority is manifest and who hold foreign Caliphate and that according to their spiritual degree they hold esoteric authority to Such was the case with Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali Al Hasan Mu awiyah Ibn Yazid Umar Ibn Abd Il Aziz and Al Mutawakkil Le Sceau des Saints trans Michel Chodkiewicz Editions Gallimard Paris 1986 p 121 122 Mu awiya IIUmayyad DynastyBorn c 664 CE Died c 684Preceded byYazid I Caliph of IslamUmayyad Caliph683 684 Succeeded byMarwan I Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mu 27awiya II amp oldid 1146263894, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
