Although O. ingens was long attributed to the genus Moroteuthis, several authors have recently agreed that Moroteuthis is a junior synonym of Onykia.[3]
Mature female (38.4 cm ML, 1.875 kg weight) from the Chatham Rise
The size of a fully grown O. ingens, inclusive of tentacles, is currently unknown. Many estimates, however, predict that the mantle may reach lengths of up to 94 cm (37 in). Research has found that egg sizes of the squid average 2.1 mm inside mature females, while juveniles average 4.6 mm or larger. Juveniles are presumed to live near the surface, until they reach a mantle length of approximately 200 mm, at which time they relocate to deeper water, and larger prey. O. ingens exhibit sexual dimorphism, with females growing linearly twice as fast as males, and reaching a fully mature size of more than five times that of male counterparts.[4]
Penis elongation has been observed in this species; when erect, the penis may be as long as the mantle, head and arms combined.[5][6] As such, deep water squid like M. ingens have the greatest known penis length relative to body size of all mobile animals, second in the entire animal kingdom only to certain sessile barnacles.[5]
Left: A dissected male specimen of Onykia ingens, showing a non-erect penis (the white tubular structure located below most of the other organs) Right: A specimen of the same species exhibiting elongation of the penis to 67 cm in length
Ecologyedit
It is generally accepted that there are large dietary variations between large and small O. ingens. One of the most common findings is that juvenile squid (>200 mm ML) consume a greater percentage of crustaceans and cephalopods compared to their size than mature squid, which consume a large percentage of fish and virtually no crustaceans.[7] Globally, however, myctophid fish (lantern fish) are seen as common prey.[8] Larger squid are known to practice cannibalism (accounting for up to 6% of diet).[9]
^Barratt, I.; Allcock, L. (2014). "Onykia ingens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T163131A975198. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163131A975198.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Philippe Bouchet (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Onykia ingens (E. A. Smith, 1881)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
^Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Zootaxa2696: 1–186. Preview
^Bolstad, K. 2003. Spotlight on: Moroteuthis ingens 2007-12-12 at the Wayback Machine. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
^ abArkhipkin, A.I. & V.V. Laptikhovsky 2010. Observation of penis elongation in Onykia ingens: implications for spermatophore transfer in deep-water squid. Journal of Molluscan Studies, published online on June 30, 2010. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq019
^Walker, M. 2010. Super squid sex organ discovered. BBC Earth News, July 7, 2010.
^Phillips, K., P. Nichols & G. Jackson 2003. Size-related dietary changes observed in the squid Moroteuthis ingens at the Argentines Islands: stomach contents and fatty-acid analyses. Polar Biology26(7): 474-485.
^Phillips, K., P. Nichols & G. Jackson 2003. Dietary variation of the squid Moroteuthis ingens at four sites in the Southern Ocean: stomach contents, lipid and fatty acid profiles. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK83: 523-534.
^Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2003. Diet of the squid Moroteuthis ingens (Teuthoidea: Onychoteuthidae) in the upper slope waters of the Kerguelen Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series250: 197–203.
^CephBase: Predators of Moroteuthis ingens 2005-01-19 at the Wayback Machine.
External linksedit
. Archived from the original on 2005-08-17.
Tree of Life web project: Onykia ingens
January 01, 1970
onykia, ingens, greater, hooked, squid, species, squid, family, onychoteuthidae, occurs, worldwide, subantarctic, oceans, greater, hooked, squid, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phyl. Onykia ingens the greater hooked squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae It occurs worldwide in subantarctic oceans Greater hooked squid Onykia ingens 400 mm ML Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Order Oegopsida Family Onychoteuthidae Genus Onykia Species O ingens Binomial name Onykia ingens Smith 1881 2 Synonyms Onychoteuthis ingensSmith 1881 Moroteuthis ingens Smith 1881 Although O ingens was long attributed to the genus Moroteuthis several authors have recently agreed that Moroteuthis is a junior synonym of Onykia 3 Contents 1 Size and growth 2 Ecology 3 References 4 External linksSize and growth edit nbsp Mature female 38 4 cm ML 1 875 kg weight from the Chatham Rise The size of a fully grown O ingens inclusive of tentacles is currently unknown Many estimates however predict that the mantle may reach lengths of up to 94 cm 37 in Research has found that egg sizes of the squid average 2 1 mm inside mature females while juveniles average 4 6 mm or larger Juveniles are presumed to live near the surface until they reach a mantle length of approximately 200 mm at which time they relocate to deeper water and larger prey O ingens exhibit sexual dimorphism with females growing linearly twice as fast as males and reaching a fully mature size of more than five times that of male counterparts 4 Penis elongation has been observed in this species when erect the penis may be as long as the mantle head and arms combined 5 6 As such deep water squid like M ingens have the greatest known penis length relative to body size of all mobile animals second in the entire animal kingdom only to certain sessile barnacles 5 nbsp nbsp Left A dissected male specimen of Onykia ingens showing a non erect penis the white tubular structure located below most of the other organs Right A specimen of the same species exhibiting elongation of the penis to 67 cm in lengthEcology editIt is generally accepted that there are large dietary variations between large and small O ingens One of the most common findings is that juvenile squid gt 200 mm ML consume a greater percentage of crustaceans and cephalopods compared to their size than mature squid which consume a large percentage of fish and virtually no crustaceans 7 Globally however myctophid fish lantern fish are seen as common prey 8 Larger squid are known to practice cannibalism accounting for up to 6 of diet 9 O ingens as with many if not all large squid has a number of predators These include the patagonian toothfish king penguin wandering albatross pilot whale bottlenose whale dwarf sperm whale sperm whale and other types of squid 10 Other predators include Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals nbsp Tentacular club of Onykia ingens nbsp Piece of ventral mantle skin nbsp Gladius with cross sectionsReferences edit Barratt I Allcock L 2014 Onykia ingens IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014 e T163131A975198 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2014 1 RLTS T163131A975198 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Philippe Bouchet 2018 Bieler R Bouchet P Gofas S Marshall B Rosenberg G La Perna R Neubauer TA Sartori AF Schneider S Vos C ter Poorten JJ Taylor J Dijkstra H Finn J Bank R Neubert E Moretzsohn F Faber M Houart R Picton B Garcia Alvarez O eds Onykia ingens E A Smith 1881 MolluscaBase World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 16 March 2018 Bolstad K S R 2010 Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray 1847 Cephalopoda Oegopsida Zootaxa 2696 1 186 Preview Bolstad K 2003 Spotlight on Moroteuthis ingens Archived 2007 12 12 at the Wayback Machine The Octopus News Magazine Online a b Arkhipkin A I amp V V Laptikhovsky 2010 Observation of penis elongation in Onykia ingens implications for spermatophore transfer in deep water squid Journal of Molluscan Studies published online on June 30 2010 doi 10 1093 mollus eyq019 Walker M 2010 Super squid sex organ discovered BBC Earth News July 7 2010 Phillips K P Nichols amp G Jackson 2003 Size related dietary changes observed in the squid Moroteuthis ingens at the Argentines Islands stomach contents and fatty acid analyses Polar Biology 26 7 474 485 Phillips K P Nichols amp G Jackson 2003 Dietary variation of the squid Moroteuthis ingens at four sites in the Southern Ocean stomach contents lipid and fatty acid profiles Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 83 523 534 Cherel Y amp G Duhamel 2003 Diet of the squid Moroteuthis ingens Teuthoidea Onychoteuthidae in the upper slope waters of the Kerguelen Islands Marine Ecology Progress Series 250 197 203 CephBase Predators of Moroteuthis ingens Archived 2005 01 19 at the Wayback Machine External links edit CephBase Onykia ingens Archived from the original on 2005 08 17 Tree of Life web project Onykia ingens First observation of a double tentacle bifurcation in cephalopods Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Onykia ingens amp oldid 1188074200, wikipedia, wiki, 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