Monascus is a genus of mold. Among the known species of this genus, the red-pigmented Monascus purpureus is among the most important because of its use in the production of certain fermented foods in East Asia, particularly China and Japan.
Monascus purpureus derives its signature red color from mosascus pigment that is composed of azaphilones or secondary fungal metabolites.[2] There are six primary compounds all with similar biosynthetic pathways, two yellow pigments, ankaflavin and monascin, two orange pigments monascorubin and rubropunctain, and two red pigments monascorubinamine and rubropunctaimine.[3] All six are produced with a combination of polyketide synthase (PKS) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) In the first step a hexekatide is formed through Type 1 PKS encoded by the Mripig A gene.[4] PKS uses the domains acyl transferase, acetyl-CoA, ketoacyl synthase, acyl transferase, acyl carrier protein and the base units of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to produce a ketone chain that undergoes Knoevenagel aldol condensations.[4] The second step is the formation of a fatty acid through the FAS pathway.[3] The β-keto acid then undergoes a trans-esterification reaction to form one of the two orange pigments. At this point the compound can either undergo reduction to form one of the yellow pigments or amination to form one of the red pigments.[2]
Referencesedit
^"Catalogue of Life – 2011 Annual Checklist :: Search all names". www.catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
^ abAgboyibor, Clement; Kong, Wei-Bao; Chen, Dong; Zhang, Ai-Mei; Niu, Shi-Quan (1 October 2018). "Monascus pigments production, composition, bioactivity and its application: A review". Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 16: 433–447. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2018.09.012. ISSN 1878-8181. S2CID 139258585.
^ abChaudhary, Vishu; Katyal, Priya; Poonia, Anuj Kumar; Kaur, Jaspreet; Puniya, Anil Kumar; Panwar, Harsh (4 October 2021). "Natural pigment from Monascus : The production and therapeutic significance". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 133 (1): 18–38. doi:10.1111/jam.15308. ISSN 1364-5072. PMID 34569683. S2CID 237941521.
^ abLiu, Lujie; Zhao, Jixing; Huang, Yaolin; Xin, Qiao; Wang, Zhilong (2018). "Diversifying of Chemical Structure of Native Monascus Pigments". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 3143. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03143. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC6308397. PMID 30622522.
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monascus, genus, mold, among, known, species, this, genus, pigmented, purpureus, among, most, important, because, production, certain, fermented, foods, east, asia, particularly, china, japan, purpureus, being, used, make, rice, winescientific, classificationd. Monascus is a genus of mold Among the known species of this genus the red pigmented Monascus purpureus is among the most important because of its use in the production of certain fermented foods in East Asia particularly China and Japan MonascusMonascus purpureus being used to make red rice wineScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaClass EurotiomycetesOrder EurotialesFamily AspergillaceaeGenus MonascusTiegh 1884 Type speciesMonascus ruberSynonymsAllescheria Sacc amp P Syd 1899 Backusia Thirum M D Whitehead amp P N Mathur 1965 Eurotiella Lindau 1900 Eurotiopsis Costantin ex Laborde 1897 Physomyces Harz 1890 Contents 1 Species 2 Phylogeny 3 Monascus pigments and biosynthesis 4 ReferencesSpecies editMonascus albidulus Zhong Q Li amp F Guo 2004 Monascus argentinensis Stchigel amp Guarro 2004 Monascus aurantiacus Zhong Q Li ex Zhong Q Li amp F Guo 2004 Monascus barkeri P A Dang 1907 Monascus eremophilus A D Hocking amp Pitt 1988 Monascus flavipigmentosus R N Barbosa Souza Motta N T Oliveira amp Houbraken 2017 Monascus floridanus P F Cannon amp E L Barnard 1987 Monascus fumeus Zhong Q Li amp F Guo 2004 Monascus lunisporas Udagawa amp H Baba 1998 Monascus mellicola R N Barbosa Souza Motta N T Oliveira amp Houbraken 2017 Monascus mucoroides Tiegh 1884 Monascus olei Piedallu 1910 Monascus pallens P F Cannon Abdullah amp B A Abbas 1995 Monascus paxii Lingelsh 1916 Monascus pilosus K Sato ex D Hawksw amp Pitt 1983 Monascus purpureus Went 1895 Monascus recifensis R N Barbosa Souza Motta N T Oliveira amp Houbraken 2017 Monascus ruber Tiegh 1884 Monascus rutilus Zhong Q Li amp F Guo 2004 Monascus sanguineus P F Cannon Abdullah amp B A Abbas 1995 Monascus vini Săvul amp Hulea 1953 Phylogeny editPhylogeny as given by Bisby et al 2000 who put the genus into a separate family Monascaceae 1 Monascaceae Monascus Monascus kaoliangMonascus pilosusMonascus aurantiacusMonascus floridanusMonascus eremophilusMonascus ruberMonascus purpureusMonascus argentinensisBasipetosporaXeromycesFraseriellaMonascus pigments and biosynthesis editMonascus purpureus derives its signature red color from mosascus pigment that is composed of azaphilones or secondary fungal metabolites 2 There are six primary compounds all with similar biosynthetic pathways two yellow pigments ankaflavin and monascin two orange pigments monascorubin and rubropunctain and two red pigments monascorubinamine and rubropunctaimine 3 All six are produced with a combination of polyketide synthase PKS and fatty acid synthase FAS In the first step a hexekatide is formed through Type 1 PKS encoded by the Mripig A gene 4 PKS uses the domains acyl transferase acetyl CoA ketoacyl synthase acyl transferase acyl carrier protein and the base units of acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA to produce a ketone chain that undergoes Knoevenagel aldol condensations 4 The second step is the formation of a fatty acid through the FAS pathway 3 The b keto acid then undergoes a trans esterification reaction to form one of the two orange pigments At this point the compound can either undergo reduction to form one of the yellow pigments or amination to form one of the red pigments 2 References edit Catalogue of Life 2011 Annual Checklist Search all names www catalogueoflife org Retrieved 23 October 2017 a b Agboyibor Clement Kong Wei Bao Chen Dong Zhang Ai Mei Niu Shi Quan 1 October 2018 Monascus pigments production composition bioactivity and its application A review Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 16 433 447 doi 10 1016 j bcab 2018 09 012 ISSN 1878 8181 S2CID 139258585 a b Chaudhary Vishu Katyal Priya Poonia Anuj Kumar Kaur Jaspreet Puniya Anil Kumar Panwar Harsh 4 October 2021 Natural pigment from Monascus The production and therapeutic significance Journal of Applied Microbiology 133 1 18 38 doi 10 1111 jam 15308 ISSN 1364 5072 PMID 34569683 S2CID 237941521 a b Liu Lujie Zhao Jixing Huang Yaolin Xin Qiao Wang Zhilong 2018 Diversifying of Chemical Structure of Native Monascus Pigments Frontiers in Microbiology 9 3143 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2018 03143 ISSN 1664 302X PMC 6308397 PMID 30622522 nbsp This Eurotiomycetes related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Monascus amp oldid 1180019707, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
