The Molière radius is a characteristic constant of a material giving the scale of the transverse dimension of the fully contained electromagnetic showers initiated by an incident high energy electron or photon. By definition, it is the radius of a cylinder containing on average 90% of the shower's energy deposition. Two Molière radii contain 95% of the shower's energy deposition. It is related to the radiation lengthX0 by the approximate relation RM = 0.0265 X0 (Z + 1.2), where Z is the atomic number.[1] The Molière radius is useful in experimental particle physics in the design of calorimeters: a smaller Molière radius means better shower position resolution, and better shower separation due to a smaller degree of shower overlaps.
^Phillip R. Sloan, Brandon Fogel, "Creating a Physical Biology: The Three-Man Paper and Early Molecular Biology" University of Chicago Press, 2011
^Collaboration, PIONEER; et al. (2022). "Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment". arXiv:2203.05505 [hep-ex].
^The CMS Collaboration (2006). "Chapter 1. Introduction". CMS Physics : Technical Design Report Volume 1: Detector Performance and Software. CERN. p. 14. ISBN9789290832683. CMS has chosen lead tungstate scintillating crystals for its ECAL. These crystals have short radiation (X0 = 0.89 cm) and Moliere (2.2 cm) lengths, are fast (80% of the light is emitted within 25 ns) and radiation hard (up to 10 Mrad).
^Atomic and nuclear properties of cesium iodide (CsI)
^Atomic and nuclear properties of materials: Liquid argon (Ar) (Ar)
^ Greisen, Kenneth (1960). "Cosmic Ray Showers". Annual Review of Nuclear Science. 10. Laboratory of Nuclear Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.: 71. Bibcode:1960ARNPS..10...63G. doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.10.120160.000431.
^Pierre Auger Collaboration (2009). "Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger observatory". Astroparticle Physics. 32 (2): 89–99. arXiv:0906.5497. Bibcode:2009APh....32...89P. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.06.004.
This particle physics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
molière, radius, other, uses, molière, disambiguation, characteristic, constant, material, giving, scale, transverse, dimension, fully, contained, electromagnetic, showers, initiated, incident, high, energy, electron, photon, definition, radius, cylinder, cont. For other uses see Moliere disambiguation The Moliere radius is a characteristic constant of a material giving the scale of the transverse dimension of the fully contained electromagnetic showers initiated by an incident high energy electron or photon By definition it is the radius of a cylinder containing on average 90 of the shower s energy deposition Two Moliere radii contain 95 of the shower s energy deposition It is related to the radiation length X0 by the approximate relation RM 0 0265 X0 Z 1 2 where Z is the atomic number 1 The Moliere radius is useful in experimental particle physics in the design of calorimeters a smaller Moliere radius means better shower position resolution and better shower separation due to a smaller degree of shower overlaps The Moliere radius is named after German physicist Paul Friederich Gaspard Gert Moliere 1909 64 2 Moliere radii for typical materials used in calorimetry editLYSO crystals 2 07 cm 3 Lead tungstate crystals 2 2 cm 4 Caesium iodide 3 5 cm 5 Liquid krypton 4 7 cm 6 Liquid argon 9 04 cm 7 Earth s atmosphere at sea level 79 m 8 Earth s atmosphere above ground 91 m 9 References edit Moliere Radius Archived 2007 10 02 at the Wayback Machine Phillip R Sloan Brandon Fogel Creating a Physical Biology The Three Man Paper and Early Molecular Biology University of Chicago Press 2011 Collaboration PIONEER et al 2022 Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment arXiv 2203 05505 hep ex The CMS Collaboration 2006 Chapter 1 Introduction CMS Physics Technical Design Report Volume 1 Detector Performance and Software CERN p 14 ISBN 9789290832683 CMS has chosen lead tungstate scintillating crystals for its ECAL These crystals have short radiation X0 0 89 cm and Moliere 2 2 cm lengths are fast 80 of the light is emitted within 25 ns and radiation hard up to 10 Mrad Atomic and nuclear properties of cesium iodide CsI Fanti V Barr G D Buchholz P Cundy D Doble N Gatignon L Gonidec A Hallgren B Kesseler G Lacourt A Laverriere G Linser G Norton A Schinzel D Seidl W Stemmler T Taureg H Viehhauser G Wahl H Duclos J Gianoli A Martini M Piemontese L Savrie M Kalinin A Kekelidze J Kozhevnikov Y Coward D Leber F Cenci P Lariccia P Lubrano P Pepe M Calafiura P Cerri C Fantechi R Gorini B Laico F Mannelli I Marzulli V Schiuma D Debu P Mazzucato E Migliori A Peyaud B Turlay R Kreutz A Biino C Ceccucci A Palestini S Griesmayer E Markytan M Neuhofer G Pernicka M Taurok T Wulz C E May 1994 Performance of an electromagnetic liquid krypton calorimeter PDF Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 344 3 507 520 doi 10 1016 0168 9002 94 90871 0 Retrieved 1 December 2022 Atomic and nuclear properties of materials Liquid argon Ar Ar Greisen Kenneth 1960 Cosmic Ray Showers Annual Review of Nuclear Science 10 Laboratory of Nuclear Studies Cornell University Ithaca N Y 71 Bibcode 1960ARNPS 10 63G doi 10 1146 annurev ns 10 120160 000431 Pierre Auger Collaboration 2009 Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger observatory Astroparticle Physics 32 2 89 99 arXiv 0906 5497 Bibcode 2009APh 32 89P doi 10 1016 j astropartphys 2009 06 004 nbsp This particle physics related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Moliere radius amp oldid 1166601813, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
