Wikipedia
Mischocyttarus
Mischocyttarus is a very large, primarily Neotropical genus of social wasps with a few species found also in the Nearctic region. It is the only member of the tribe Mischocyttarini;[1] the asymmetrical tarsal lobes of Mischocyttarus separates it from the tribe Epiponini. Mischocyttarus is the largest genus of social wasps, containing over 200 species and subspecies.[1] Mischocyttarus wasps build a relatively simple, single comb nest. Sometimes, the nest is built within a meter of the nest of Polistes carnifex.[2] Foraging adults bring nectar and small caterpillars back to the nest to feed to the developing larvae which are individually housed in separate cells in the nest.[3] Not all nests have a female with developed ovaries.[2] Their biology is similar to that of species in the genus Polistes. However, Mischocyttarus appear to show considerably more social and reproductive flexibility than Polistes.
| Mischocyttarus | |
|---|---|
| Western paper wasp (Mischocyttarus flavitarsis) building a nest | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Vespidae |
| Subfamily: | Polistinae |
| Tribe: | Mischocyttarini |
| Genus: | Mischocyttarus Saussure, 1853 |
| Species | |
| >200 species | |
Species[1] edit
- Mischocyttarus achagua Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus acreanus Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus acunai Alayo 1972
- Mischocyttarus adjectus Zikan, 1935
- Mischocyttarus adolphi Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus alboniger Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus alfkenii (Ducke, 1904)
- Mischocyttarus alienus Richards 1978
- Mischocyttarus alternatus Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus anchicaya Silveira, 2015
- Mischocyttarus angulatus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus annulatus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus anthracinus Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus arawak Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus aripuanaensis Silveira, 1998
- Mischocyttarus artifex (Ducke, 1914)
- Mischocyttarus awa Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus baconi Starr, 2011
- Mischocyttarus bahiae Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus bahiaensis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus barbatulus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus barbatus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus basimacula (Cameron, 1906)
- Mischocyttarus belemensis Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus bequaertii Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus bertonii Ducke, 1918
- Mischocyttarus brackmanni Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus bruneri Bequard & Salt, 1931
- Mischocyttarus buyssoni (Ducke, 1906)
- Mischocyttarus cabauna Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus caixuana Silveira, 2015
- Mischocyttarus campestris Raw, 1987
- Mischocyttarus capichaba Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus carbonarius (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus carinulatus Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering, 1903)
- Mischocyttarus catharinaensis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus cearensis Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus cerberus Ducke 1918
- Mischocyttarus chalucas Snelling, 1983
- Mischocyttarus chanchamayoensis Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus chapadae (Fox 1898)
- Mischocyttarus chloroecus Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus cinerasceus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus claretianus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus clavicornis Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus cleomenes Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus clypeatus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus collarellus Richards, 1940
- Mischocyttarus collaris (Ducke, 1904)
- Mischocyttarus commixtus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus confirmatus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus confusoides Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus confusus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus cooperi Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus costaricensis Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus crypticus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus cryptobius Zikán 1935
- Mischocyttarus cubensis (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus curitybanus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus deceptus (Fox, 1895)
- Mischocyttarus decimus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus declaratus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus dimorphus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus drewseni (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus duckei Buysson, 1909
- Mischocyttarus duidensis Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus ecuadorensis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus efferus Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus elegantulus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus embera Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus extinctus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus fidus Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus filiformis (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus filipendulus Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus fisheri Snelling 1970
- Mischocyttarus fitzgeraldi Bequard, 1938
- Mischocyttarus flavicans (Fabricius, 1804)
- Mischocyttarus flavicornis Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus flavitarsis (Saussure 1854)
- Mischocyttarus flavoniger Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus flavoscutellatus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus foveatus Richards, 1940
- Mischocyttarus fraudulentus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus frontalis (Fox, 1898)
- Mischocyttarus funerulus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus garbei Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus giffordi Raw, 1987
- Mischocyttarus gomesi Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus gynandromorphus Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus haywardi Willink 1953
- Mischocyttarus heliconius Richards, 1941
- Mischocyttarus hirsutus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus hirtulus Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus hoffmanni Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus ignotus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus iheringi Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus illusorius Richards 1978
- Mischocyttarus imeldai Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus imitator (Ducke, 1904)
- Mischocyttarus inca Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus inexspectatus Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus injucundus (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus insolitus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus interjectus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus interruptus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus juditae Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus labiatus (Fabricius, 1804)
- Mischocyttarus lanei Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus latior (Fox, 1898)
- Mischocyttarus latissimus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus laurae Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus lecointei (Ducke, 1904)
- Mischocyttarus lemoulti (Buysson, 1909)
- Mischocyttarus leucoecus Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus lilae Willink 1953
- Mischocyttarus lindigi Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus longicornis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus lules Willink 1953
- Mischocyttarus macarenae Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus maculipennis Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus magdalensis Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus malaris Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus maracaensis Raw, 1989
- Mischocyttarus marginatus (Fox 1898)
- Mischocyttarus mastigophorus Richards 1978
- Mischocyttarus mattogrossoensis Zikan, 1935
- Mischocyttarus melanarius (Cameron, 1906)
- Mischocyttarus melanoleucus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus melanops Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus melanopygus Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus melanoxanthus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus mendax Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus metathoracicus (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus metoecus Richards, 1940
- Mischocyttarus mexicanus (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus mimicus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus minifoveatus Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus mirificus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus mirus Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus mixtus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus mocsaryi (Ducke, 1909)
- Mischocyttarus montei Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus montivagus Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus moralesi Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus moronae Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus mourei Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus muisca Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus mysticus Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus napoensis Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus narinensis Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus naumanni Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus navajo Bequard, 1933
- Mischocyttarus nigroclavatus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus nigropygialis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards 1978
- Mischocyttarus occiduus Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus occultus Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus oecothrix Richards 1940
- Mischocyttarus omicron Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus onorei Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus oreophilus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus ornatus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus pallidipectus (Smith 1857)
- Mischocyttarus pallidipes Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus pallidus Zikán 1949
- Mischocyttarus paraguayensis Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus parallelogrammus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus paris Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus paulistanus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus peduncularius Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus pelor Carpenter 1988
- Mischocyttarus pertinax Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus peruanus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus peruviensis Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus petiolatus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus phthisicus (Fabricius 1793)
- Mischocyttarus piceus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus picturatus Bequaert, 1938
- Mischocyttarus piger Richards, 1945
- Mischocyttarus plaumanni Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus polymorphus Cooper, 1998
- Mischocyttarus porantin Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus prominulus Richards 1941
- Mischocyttarus proximus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus pseudomimeticus (Schulz, 1903)
- Mischocyttarus punctatus (Ducke, 1904)
- Mischocyttarus reclusus Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus reflexicollis Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus rhadinomerus Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus richardsi Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus rodriguesi Silveira, 2015
- Mischocyttarus rotundicollis (Cameron, 1912)
- Mischocyttarus rufescens Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus rufidens (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus rufipes Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus rufomaculatus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus ryani Silveira, 2015
- Mischocyttarus santacruzi Raw, 2000
- Mischocyttarus saturatus Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus saussurei Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus schadei Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus schunkei Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus sericeus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus silvicola Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus smithii (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus socialis (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus souzalopesi Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus sprucei Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus stenoecus Richards 1978
- Mischocyttarus subornatus Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus superus Richards, 1940
- Mischocyttarus surinamensis (Saussure, 1854)
- Mischocyttarus suzannae Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus sylvestris Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus synoecus Richards 1940
- Mischocyttarus tapuya (Schulz, 1905)
- Mischocyttarus tarmensis Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus tayacaja Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus tayrona Silveira, 2015
- Mischocyttarus tectus Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus telembi Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus tenuis Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus tertius Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus thrypticus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus timbira Silveira, 2006
- Mischocyttarus tolensis Richards 1941
- Mischocyttarus tomentosus Zikan, 1935
- Mischocyttarus transandinus Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus travassosi Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus tricolor Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus tunari Cooper, 1996
- Mischocyttarus undulatus (Ducke, 1905)
- Mischocyttarus uniformis Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus vaqueroi Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus veracrucis Cooper, 1997
- Mischocyttarus verissimoi Silveira, 2015
- Mischocyttarus villarricanus Zikan 1935
- Mischocyttarus vredeni Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus wagneri (Buysson, 1908)
- Mischocyttarus waunan Silveira, 2013
- Mischocyttarus weyrauchi Zikan 1949
- Mischocyttarus woytkowskyi Richards, 1978
- Mischocyttarus wygodzinskyi Zikan, 1949
- Mischocyttarus xanthocerus Richards 1945
- Mischocyttarus xavante Silveira, 2010
- Mischocyttarus ypiranguensis Fonseca, 1926
- Mischocyttarus zikaninus Richards, 1978
References edit
- ^ a b c Checklist of the Polistine Tribe Mischocyttarini
- ^ a b Corn, Mary L. (1972). "Notes on the Biology of Polistes carnifex (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Costa Rica and Colombia". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 79 (3): 150–157. doi:10.1155/1972/78756.
- ^ Reeve, Hudson K. (1991). "Polistes". In Kenneth G. Ross & Robert W. Mathew (ed.). The Social Biology of Wasps. Cornell University Press. pp. 99–148. ISBN 978-0-8014-9906-7.