Soyuz TM-30 (Russian: Союз ТМ-30, Union TM-30), also known as Mir EO-28, was a Soyuz mission, the 39th and final human spaceflight to the Mirspace station. The crew of the mission was sent by MirCorp, a privately funded company, to reactivate and repair the station. The crew also resupplied the station and boosted the station to an orbit with a low point (perigee) of 360 and a high point (apogee) of 378 kilometers (223 and 235 miles, respectively); the boost in the station's orbit was done by utilizing the engines of the Progress M1-1 and M1-2 spacecraft. At that time a transit between Mir and the International Space Station was already impossible - such a transfer was deemed undesired by NASA - and the orbital plane of ISS had been chosen some time before to be around 120 degrees away from that of Mir. The mission was the first privately funded mission to a space station.[3][4]
The mission was part of an effort by MirCorp to refurbish and privatize the aging Mir space station, which was nearing the end of its operational life. Further commercially funded missions beyond Soyuz TM-30 were originally planned to continue the restoration efforts of the then 14-year-old space station, but insufficient funding and investment ultimately led to the de-orbit of the station in early 2001.[4][5]
Soyuz TM-30 was the first spaceflight for flight commander Zalyotin, who became a cosmonaut in 1990 and completed his general training two years later in 1992.[7] TM-30 was the third visit to space made by flight engineer Kaleri, who became a cosmonaut in 1984 and completed general training in 1986. He served as flight engineer aboard the Soyuz TM-14 and TM-24 missions to Mir in 1992 and 1996–7, respectively.[8]
While Soyuz TM-30 was in orbit, a second privately funded mission was being planned to continue the restoration efforts aboard Mir. The crew assigned to this mission, although never flown, was reported to have been the backup crew for TM-30, cosmonauts Salizhan Sharipov and Pavel Vinogradov.[5]
Backgroundedit
Soyuz TM-30 was intended by MirCorp to be the first in a series of missions to refurbish the 14-year-old Mir space station for commercial use. Although the mission was scheduled to last approximately two months, commander Sergei Zalyotin said before the flight that if additional funds became available the mission could be extended until August, when another crew would replace them. The other possible scenario, which occurred in reality, was again to leave the station uninhabited, as had been done several months before the mission.[10] Towards the end of Soyuz TM-30 plans were formed to send another privately funded mission to continue with MirCorp's maintenance efforts; cosmonauts Salizhan Sharipov and Pavel Vinogradov were tentatively assigned as the crew.[5]
Actor Vladimir Steklov trained and was initially assigned for a 2000 flight on Soyuz TM-30 to film scenes for the movie Thiefs and Prostitutes. Spaceflight is the Prize on Mir.[11] The plans were scrapped weeks before launch due to lack of funding,[12] and space scenes were filmed in studio instead.
Mission highlightsedit
The launch of Soyuz TM-30 on April 4, 2000
Soyuz TM-30 launched at 05:01:29 UT on April 4, 2000. Docking occurred on April 6 at 06:31:24 UT. Although the Soyuz docking system is automated under normal conditions, the final few meters of the approach to the station were executed in manual mode. The decision to switch to manual mode came after the cosmonauts noticed a small deviation in the spacecraft's approach to the targeted docking port. At about 09:32 UT on the day of docking, the crew prepared to open the hatches between the Soyuz spacecraft and the station. After entering the station the crew stabilized the atmosphere inside Mir and undertook routine maintenance work.[3]
On April 25, an uncrewed Progress resupply mission, Progress M1-2, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome to the station to deliver supplies to the crew. Progress M1-2 docked with Mir on April 27. On April 26, the Progress M1-1 spacecraft, which had been docked since February and was used by the Russian Federal Space Agency to boost the station to a higher orbit, undocked and de-orbited over the Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand.[3]
The mission's only Extra-Vehicular Activity, or spacewalk, took place on May 12, between 10:44 and 15:36 UTC. The primary objectives of the spacewalk were to repair damage to Mir's exterior components and record panoramas of the station's hull in order for experts on Earth to analyze the effects of space on the station itself. The cosmonauts inspected a malfunctioning solar array on the Kvant-1 module of the station. They discovered that a burnt-through wire connecting the array with its steering system was preventing its proper rotation. The array was subsequently deemed a loss.[3][6]
On June 15, 2000, the TM-30 spacecraft undocked from the station at about 21:24 UT. The de-orbit burn occurred at about 23:52 UT and landing followed at about 00:44 UT on June 16, about 45 kilometers (28 mi) southeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan.[3][13]
Milestonesedit
Soyuz TM-30 was the first privately funded crewed space expedition but several other firsts were also achieved, including the first privately funded extra-vehicular activity, and the first privately funded uncrewed resupply mission to a space station, utilizing the Progress-M1 spacecraft.[4] Soyuz TM-30 also managed to delay the de-orbit of Mir, which was originally scheduled to occur some time in 2000, but ultimately occurred in March 2001.[14]
soyuz, russian, Союз, ТМ, union, also, known, soyuz, mission, 39th, final, human, spaceflight, space, station, crew, mission, sent, mircorp, privately, funded, company, reactivate, repair, station, crew, also, resupplied, station, boosted, station, orbit, with. Soyuz TM 30 Russian Soyuz TM 30 Union TM 30 also known as Mir EO 28 was a Soyuz mission the 39th and final human spaceflight to the Mir space station The crew of the mission was sent by MirCorp a privately funded company to reactivate and repair the station The crew also resupplied the station and boosted the station to an orbit with a low point perigee of 360 and a high point apogee of 378 kilometers 223 and 235 miles respectively the boost in the station s orbit was done by utilizing the engines of the Progress M1 1 and M1 2 spacecraft At that time a transit between Mir and the International Space Station was already impossible such a transfer was deemed undesired by NASA and the orbital plane of ISS had been chosen some time before to be around 120 degrees away from that of Mir The mission was the first privately funded mission to a space station 3 4 Soyuz TM 30Mission typeMir crew transportOperatorRosaviakosmosMirCorpCOSPAR ID2000 018ASATCAT no 26116Mission duration72 days 19 hours 42 minutesOrbits completed1 145Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraftSoyuz 7K STM No 204 1 Spacecraft typeSoyuz TMManufacturerRKK EnergiaCrewCrew size2MembersSergei ZalyotinAleksandr KaleriCallsignEnise j Yenisei Start of missionLaunch dateApril 4 2000 05 01 29 2000 04 04UTC05 01 29Z UTC 2 RocketSoyuz ULaunch siteBaikonur 1 5End of missionLanding dateJune 16 2000 00 44 2000 06 16UTC00 45Z UTCLanding site49 54 N 67 12 E 49 900 N 67 200 E 49 900 67 200Orbital parametersReference systemGeocentricRegimeLow EarthPerigee altitude358 kilometres 222 mi Apogee altitude384 kilometres 239 mi Inclination51 6 degreesPeriod91 96 minutesEpochMay 5 2000 1 Docking with MirDocking portCore forwardDocking dateApril 6 2000 06 31 24 UTCUndocking dateJune 15 2000 21 24 UTCTime docked70 days 15 hoursSoyuz programme Crewed missions Soyuz TM 29Soyuz TM 31 The mission was part of an effort by MirCorp to refurbish and privatize the aging Mir space station which was nearing the end of its operational life Further commercially funded missions beyond Soyuz TM 30 were originally planned to continue the restoration efforts of the then 14 year old space station but insufficient funding and investment ultimately led to the de orbit of the station in early 2001 4 5 Contents 1 Crew 1 1 Backup crew 2 Background 3 Mission highlights 4 Milestones 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksCrew editPosition 4 6 CrewCommander nbsp Sergei ZalyotinFirst spaceflightFlight Engineer nbsp Aleksandr KaleriThird spaceflightSoyuz TM 30 was the first spaceflight for flight commander Zalyotin who became a cosmonaut in 1990 and completed his general training two years later in 1992 7 TM 30 was the third visit to space made by flight engineer Kaleri who became a cosmonaut in 1984 and completed general training in 1986 He served as flight engineer aboard the Soyuz TM 14 and TM 24 missions to Mir in 1992 and 1996 7 respectively 8 Backup crew edit Position 5 9 CrewCommander nbsp Salizhan SharipovFlight Engineer nbsp Pavel VinogradovWhile Soyuz TM 30 was in orbit a second privately funded mission was being planned to continue the restoration efforts aboard Mir The crew assigned to this mission although never flown was reported to have been the backup crew for TM 30 cosmonauts Salizhan Sharipov and Pavel Vinogradov 5 Background editSoyuz TM 30 was intended by MirCorp to be the first in a series of missions to refurbish the 14 year old Mir space station for commercial use Although the mission was scheduled to last approximately two months commander Sergei Zalyotin said before the flight that if additional funds became available the mission could be extended until August when another crew would replace them The other possible scenario which occurred in reality was again to leave the station uninhabited as had been done several months before the mission 10 Towards the end of Soyuz TM 30 plans were formed to send another privately funded mission to continue with MirCorp s maintenance efforts cosmonauts Salizhan Sharipov and Pavel Vinogradov were tentatively assigned as the crew 5 Actor Vladimir Steklov trained and was initially assigned for a 2000 flight on Soyuz TM 30 to film scenes for the movie Thiefs and Prostitutes Spaceflight is the Prize on Mir 11 The plans were scrapped weeks before launch due to lack of funding 12 and space scenes were filmed in studio instead Mission highlights edit nbsp The launch of Soyuz TM 30 on April 4 2000Soyuz TM 30 launched at 05 01 29 UT on April 4 2000 Docking occurred on April 6 at 06 31 24 UT Although the Soyuz docking system is automated under normal conditions the final few meters of the approach to the station were executed in manual mode The decision to switch to manual mode came after the cosmonauts noticed a small deviation in the spacecraft s approach to the targeted docking port At about 09 32 UT on the day of docking the crew prepared to open the hatches between the Soyuz spacecraft and the station After entering the station the crew stabilized the atmosphere inside Mir and undertook routine maintenance work 3 On April 25 an uncrewed Progress resupply mission Progress M1 2 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome to the station to deliver supplies to the crew Progress M1 2 docked with Mir on April 27 On April 26 the Progress M1 1 spacecraft which had been docked since February and was used by the Russian Federal Space Agency to boost the station to a higher orbit undocked and de orbited over the Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand 3 The mission s only Extra Vehicular Activity or spacewalk took place on May 12 between 10 44 and 15 36 UTC The primary objectives of the spacewalk were to repair damage to Mir s exterior components and record panoramas of the station s hull in order for experts on Earth to analyze the effects of space on the station itself The cosmonauts inspected a malfunctioning solar array on the Kvant 1 module of the station They discovered that a burnt through wire connecting the array with its steering system was preventing its proper rotation The array was subsequently deemed a loss 3 6 On June 15 2000 the TM 30 spacecraft undocked from the station at about 21 24 UT The de orbit burn occurred at about 23 52 UT and landing followed at about 00 44 UT on June 16 about 45 kilometers 28 mi southeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan 3 13 Milestones editSoyuz TM 30 was the first privately funded crewed space expedition but several other firsts were also achieved including the first privately funded extra vehicular activity and the first privately funded uncrewed resupply mission to a space station utilizing the Progress M1 spacecraft 4 Soyuz TM 30 also managed to delay the de orbit of Mir which was originally scheduled to occur some time in 2000 but ultimately occurred in March 2001 14 See also edit nbsp Spaceflight portalList of Mir Expeditions MirCorpReferences edit a b McDowell Jonathan Satellite Catalog Jonathan s Space Page Retrieved 21 November 2013 McDowell Jonathan Launch Log Jonathan s Space Page Retrieved 21 November 2013 a b c d e Mir EO 28 Astronautix Archived from the original on 24 July 2008 Retrieved 25 October 2010 a b c d MirCorp Mission MirCorp Retrieved 25 October 2010 a b c d New mission planned for Mir as current one wraps up CNN 12 June 2000 Archived from the original on 7 October 2012 Retrieved 30 April 2011 a b Missions to Mir in 2000 Russianspaceweb Retrieved 25 October 2010 Cosmonaut Bio Sergei Zalyotin NASA Retrieved 24 July 2011 Cosmonaut Bio Alexander Kaleri NASA Retrieved 24 July 2011 Soyuz TM 30 Human Spaceflights Spacefacts Retrieved 30 April 2011 Space Crew poised for return to Mir on Tuesday CNN 3 April 2000 Archived from the original on 7 October 2012 Retrieved 30 April 2011 Russian star set to shoot into space Cosmonauts to reopen and repair Mir for future use UPI Archives MIR Expedition 28 EO 28 Resident Crews of the MIR Spacefacts Retrieved 1 May 2011 Future of Mir in doubt after cosmonauts return home CNN 16 June 2000 Archived from the original on 7 October 2012 Retrieved 30 April 2011 External links editThe MirCorp mission at SellingPeace com by Jeffrey Manber49 54 N 67 12 E 49 900 N 67 200 E 49 900 67 200 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Soyuz TM 30 amp oldid 1168088918, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
