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Mimosoideae

April 12, 2024

The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petals that are twice divided (valvate) in bud and with numerous showy, prominent stamens.

Mimosoideae
Calliandra emarginata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
DC.
Informal groups

See text

Distribution of the Mimosoideae
Synonyms
  • Acaciaceae E. Meyer
  • Mimosaceae R. Brown

Recent work on phylogenetic relationships has found that the Mimosoideae form a clade nested with subfamily Caesalpinioideae and the most recent classification by The Legume Phylogeny Working Group refer to them as the Mimosoid clade within subfamily Caesalpinioideae.[1] The group includes about 40 genera and 2,500 species.

Taxonomy edit

Some classification systems, for example the Cronquist system, treat the Fabaceae in a narrow sense, raising the Mimisoideae to the rank of family as Mimosaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group treats Fabaceae in the broad sense. The Mimosoideae were historically subdivided into four tribes (Acacieae, Ingeae, Mimoseae, and Mimozygantheae). However, modern molecular phylogenetics has shown that these groupings were artificial. Several informal subgroups have been proposed, but not yet described formally as tribes.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Additionally, the genus Acacia was recently segregated into five genera (Acacia sensu stricto, Acaciella, Mariosousa, Senegalia, and Vachellia).[8][9]

Basal Mimosoideae edit

Acacia clade edit

 
The lead tree, Leucaena leucocephala, is used for fiber and livestock fodder.

Fossils edit

The following fossil wood morphogenera have been described:[21][22]

  • †Acacioxylon Schenk 1883
  • †Adenantheroxylon Prakash & Tripathi 1968
  • †Albizinium Prakash 1975
  • †Albizzioxylon Nikitin 1935
  • †Anadenantheroxylon Brea et al. 2001
  • †Cathormion Gros 1990
  • †Dichrostachyoxylon Müller-Stoll & Mädel 1967
  • †Eucacioxylon Müller-Stoll & Mädel 1967
  • †Ingoxylon Müller-Stoll & Mädel 1967
  • †Menendoxylon Lutz 1979
  • †Metacacioxylon Gros 1981
  • †Microlobiusxylon Franco & Brea 2010
  • †Mimosoxylon Müller-Stoll & Mädel 1967
  • †Mimosaceoxylon Lakhanpal & Prakash1970
  • †Paraalbizioxylon Gros 1992
  • †Paracacioxylon Müller-Stoll & Mädel 1967
  • †Piptadenioxylon Suguio & Mussa 1978
  • †Prosopisinoxylon Martínez
  • †Tetrapleuroxylon Müller-Stoll & Mädel 1967

Systematics edit

Modern molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships:[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][18]

Pachyelasma

Erythrophleum

Mimosoideae

Chidlowia

Adenanthera Group

Pentaclethra

Newtonia Group

Plathymenia

Entada Group

Cylicodiscus

Prosopis Group

Mimozyganthus Group

Neptunia

Leucaena Group

Dichrostachys Group

Acacia Clade[29]

Vachellia

Parkia Group

Piptadenia Group

Senegalia

Parasenegalia

Mariosousa

Abarema Group

Ingeae Grade

Pithecellobium Group

Acacieae edit

 
Senegalia catechu

Acacieae (Dumort., 1829[30]) is a wide-ranging, polyphyletic tribe of legumes in the Mimosoideae[31] that is native to the tropics, subtropics, and warm-temperate regions. It includes five or six genera and some 1,450 species.

Relationships edit

In Bentham's 1842 circumscription of the subfamily Mimosoideae, Acacieae was one of its three constituent tribes, the others being Ingeae Benth. & Hook.f. and Mimoseae Bornn.[32] His Acacieae tribe of 1842 included many genera that were subsequently assigned to tribe Ingeae Benth. In 1875, however, Bentham narrowed his definition of Acacieae so as to include only Acacia Mill.[33]

The only morphological character of Acacieae used to distinguish it from the Ingeae is the presence of free stamens (as in tribe Mimoseae).[32] In the Ingeae they are fused in the form of a tube, whereas in the Acacieae only a few species have the stamens fused at the base. Several characters of the foliage, seeds, seed pods, pollen, and stipules are shared by the two tribes.[32] The flower morphology of Acacia s.l. has characteristics in common with the genera Leucaena, Piptadenia, and Mimosa (tribe Mimoseae) and Enterolobium and Lysiloma (tribe Ingeae).[34]

The tribal position of monotypic genus Faidherbia A. Chevalier is equivocal.[31] It was included in the Acacieae by Vassal (1981) and Maslin et al. (2003), but Lewis & Rico Arce placed it in tribe Ingeae following Polhill (1994) and Luckow et al. (2003).[31][35] In the latter case, tribe Acacieae may conform to genus Acacia s.l., pending the latter's relationship to other mimosoid genera. Faidherbia is troublesome as its stamens are shortly united at their base and its pollen is similar to some taxa in the Ingeae.[33]

Description edit

They are trees, shrubs or lianas, which may be armed or unarmed.[36] Where they have spines, these are modified stipules. In some, prickles arise from the stem's cortex and epidermis.[37] The leaves are bipinnate or are modified to vertically oriented phyllodes. A few have cladodes rather than leaves.[38] Extrafloral nectaries may be present on the petiole and rachis, and the pinnule tips may carry protein-lipid Beltian bodies.[37] The leaflets are usually opposite, and are carried on shortly stalks or are sessile. The heartwood is typically red and hard,[39] and the sap of various species hardens into gum.[38]

The inflorescences are dense pedunculate heads or spikes borne in axillary clusters, or are aggregated in terminal panicles.[36] The tetra- or pentamerous flowers are uniformly bisexual, or male and bisexual. Sepals are connate (i.e. fused) and valvate (i.e. not overlapping). The reduced petals are valvate, or rarely absent. The flowers have numerous exserted (i.e. protruding) stamens (>2× as many as the corolla lobes),[34] and their filaments are sometimes connate at their base (forming a short stemonozone). Male flowers of some Neotropical species have a reduced staminal tube (cf. A. albicorticata, A. hindsii, A. farnesiana, and S. picachensis).[34] Flowers are usually yellow or cream-coloured, but may be white, red, or purple.[38]

The ovary is sessile or stipitate (i.e. supported by a stipe), with many ovules or ovules arranged in two rows. The ovary is attached by a filiform style to a small, capitate stigma. The legume's endocarp is attached to the exocarp, but is otherwise very variable, and may be dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds are usually elliptic to oblong and flattened to varying degrees. Seeds have a hard black-brown testa (i.e. seed coat) with a pleurogram, visible as a closed or almost closed O-shaped line. Some phyllodinous species have a colourful aril or elaiosome on the seed.[36]

References edit

  1. ^ The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG) (2017). "A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny". Taxon. 66 (1): 44–77. doi:10.12705/661.3.
  2. ^ Bouchenak-Khelladi Y; Maurin O; Hurter J; van der Bank M (2010). "The evolutionary history and biogeography of Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): An emphasis on African acacias". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (2): 495–508. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.019. PMID 20696261.
  3. ^ Brown GK (2008). (PDF). Muelleria. 26 (1): 27–42. doi:10.5962/p.292491. S2CID 51898140. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
  4. ^ Lewis GP; Elias TS (1981). "Mimoseae". In Polhill RM; Raven PH (eds.). Advances in Legume Systematics, Parts 1 and 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 155–168. ISBN 9780855212247.
  5. ^ a b c Luckow M; White PJ; Bruneau A (2000). "Relationships among the basal genera of mimosoid legumes". In Herendeen PS; Bruneau A; Pollard PS (eds.). Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 165–180. ISBN 9781842460177.
  6. ^ a b c Luckow M, Miller JT, Murphy DJ, Livshultz T (2003). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data" (PDF). In Klitgaard BB, Bruneau A (eds.). Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10: Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 197–220. ISBN 9781842460542.
  7. ^ Hughes CE, Bailey CD, Krosnick S, Luckow MA (2003). "Relationships among genera of the informal Dichrostachys and Leucaena groups (Mimosoideae) inferred from ribosomal ITS sequences" (PDF). In Klitgaard BB, Bruneau A (eds.). Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10: Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 221–238. ISBN 9781842460542.
  8. ^ Murphy DJ; Brown GK; Miller JT; Ladiges PY (2010). "Molecular phylogeny of Acacia Mill. (Mimosoideae: Leguminosae): Evidence for major clades and informal classification". Taxon. 59 (1): 7–19. doi:10.1002/tax.591002. JSTOR 27757046.
  9. ^ Kyalangalilwa B; Boatwright JS; Daru BH; Maurin O; van der Bank M (2013). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047.
  10. ^ a b Cury de Barros T; Pádua Teixeira S (2016). "Revisited anatomy of anther glands in mimosoids (Leguminosae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177 (1): 18–33. doi:10.1086/683844. S2CID 86054291.
  11. ^ a b c Luckow M; Fortunato RH; Sede S; Livshultz T (2005). "The phylogenetic affinities of two mysterious monotypic mimosoids from southern South America". Syst Bot. 30 (3): 585–602. doi:10.1600/0363644054782206. S2CID 85970875.
  12. ^ Jobson RW; Luckow M (2007). "Phylogenetic study of the genus Piptadenia (Mimosoideae: Leguminosae) using plastid trnL–F and trnK/matK sequence data". Syst Bot. 32 (3): 569–575. doi:10.1600/036364407782250544. S2CID 85754653.
  13. ^ Simon MF; Pastore JFB; Souza AF; Borges LM; Scalon VR; Ribeiro PG; Santos-Silva J; Souza VC; de Queiroz LP (2016). "Molecular phylogeny of Stryphnodendron (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) and generic delimitations in the Piptadenia Group". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177 (1): 44–59. doi:10.1086/684077. S2CID 86335883.
  14. ^ Simon MF; Grether R; de Queiroz LP; Skema C; Pennington RT; Hughes CE (2009). "Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a neotropical plant diversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106 (48): 20359–20364. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620359S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903410106. PMC 2787167. PMID 19918050.
  15. ^ Iganci JRV; Soares MV; Guerra E; Morim MP (2016). "A Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of the Abarema Alliance (Leguminosae) and Implications for Taxonomic Rearrangement". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1086/684078. S2CID 85889311.
  16. ^ a b Brown GK; Murphy DJ; Miller JT; Ladiges PY (2008). "Acacia s.s. and its relationship among tropical legumes, tribe Ingeae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)". Syst Bot. 33 (4): 739–751. doi:10.1600/036364408786500136. S2CID 85910836.
  17. ^ a b de Souza ER; Lewis GP; Forest F; Schnadelbach AS; van den Berg C; de Queiroz LP (2013). "Phylogeny of Calliandra (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) based on nuclear and plastid molecular markers". Taxon. 62 (6): 1200–1219. doi:10.12705/626.2.
  18. ^ a b Seigler DS; Ebinger JE. (2017). "Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia (Fabaceae : Mimosoideae): New genera of the Mimosoideae". Novon. 25 (2): 180–205. doi:10.3417/2015050. S2CID 90369571.
  19. ^ a b Brown GK; Murphy DJ; Ladiges PY (2011). "Relationships of the Australo-Malesian genus Paraserianthes (Mimosoideae: Leguminosae) identifies the sister group of Acacia sensu stricto and two biogeographical tracks". Cladistics. 27 (4): 380–390. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00349.x. PMID 34875795. S2CID 85416700.
  20. ^ de Souza ER; Krishnara MV; de Queiroz LP (2016). "Sanjappa, a new genus in the tribe Ingeae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from India" (PDF). Rheedea. 26 (1): 1–12.
  21. ^ Franco, María Jimena; Brea, Mariana (2010). "Microlobiusxylon paranaensis gen. et sp. nov. (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Ituzaingó Formation, Paraná Basin, Argentina". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 13 (2): 103–114. doi:10.4072/rbp.2010.2.03.
  22. ^ Martínez, Leandro C.A. (2010). "Prosopisinoxylon anciborae nov. gen. et sp. (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) from the Late Miocene Chiquimil Formation (Santa María Group), Catamarca, Argentina". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 158 (3–4): 262–271. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.09.006.
  23. ^ Bruneau A; Forest F; Herendeen PS; Klitgaard BB; Lewis GP (2001). "Phylogenetic Relationships in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as Inferred from Chloroplast trnL Intron Sequences". Syst Bot. 26 (3): 487–514. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.487 (inactive 31 January 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  24. ^ Miller JT; Grimes JW; Murphy DJ; Bayer RJ; Ladiges PY (2003). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Acacieae and Ingeae (Mimosoideae: Fabaceae) based on trnK, matK, psbA–trnH, and trnL/trnF sequence data". Syst Bot. 28 (3): 558–566. doi:10.1043/02-48.1 (inactive 31 January 2024). JSTOR 25063895.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  25. ^ Bruneau A; Mercure M; Lewis GP; Herendeen PS (2008). "Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in the caesalpinioid legumes". Botany. 86 (7): 697–718. doi:10.1139/B08-058.
  26. ^ Miller JT; Murphy DJ; Brown GK; Richardson DM; González-Orozco CE (2011). "The evolution and phylogenetic placement of invasive Australian Acacia species". Diversity and Distributions. 17 (5): 848–860. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00780.x. hdl:10019.1/117082. S2CID 86727446.
  27. ^ Manzanilla V; Bruneau A (2012). "Phylogeny reconstruction in the Caesalpinieae grade (Leguminosae) based on duplicated copies of the sucrose synthase gene and plastid markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (1): 149–162. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.035. PMID 22699157.
  28. ^ LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] (2013). "Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: Progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades" (PDF). Taxon. 62 (2): 217–248. doi:10.12705/622.8. hdl:10566/3455.
  29. ^ a b c Miller JT; Seigler D; Mishler BD (2014). "A phylogenetic solution to the Acacia problem". Taxon. 63 (3): 653–658. doi:10.12705/633.2.
  30. ^ "Taxon: Tribe Acacieae Dumort. (1829) (plant)". The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  31. ^ a b c d Lewis, G.P. . Kew. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  32. ^ a b c Shinwari, Zabta K.; Jamil, Khansa; Zahra, Nadia Batool (2014). "Molecular systematics of selected genera of subfamily Mimosoideae-Fabaceae" (PDF). Pak. J. Bot. 46 (2): 591–598. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  33. ^ a b Miller, Joseph T.; Bayer, Randall J. (April 2001). "Molecular phylogenetics of Acacia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) based on the chloroplast MATK coding sequence and flanking TRNK intron spacer regions". Am. J. Bot. 88 (4): 697–705. doi:10.2307/2657071. JSTOR 2657071. PMID 11302857.
  34. ^ a b c Rico Arce, M. de L.; Bachman, S. (2006-12-30). "A taxonomic revision of Acaciella (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae)". Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid. 63 (2): 189–244. doi:10.3989/ajbm.2006.v63.i2.7.
  35. ^ "Taxon: Genus Faidherbia A. Chevalier, 1934 (plant)". The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  36. ^ a b c 吴德邻, Wu Delin; Nielsen, Ivan C. (2009). "Flora of China, 6. Tribe ACACIEAE" (PDF). Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  37. ^ a b Armstrong, W. P. "Botany 115 Vegetative Terminology, Modified Roots, Stems and Leaves". Waynes Word. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  38. ^ a b c "Acacia, Thorntree". EOL. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  39. ^ Nicholson, Paul T.; Shaw, Ian, eds. (2000). Ancient Egyptian materials and technology (1. publ., repr. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 335. ISBN 9780521452571.

External links edit

  •   Data related to Acacieae at Wikispecies
  •   Media related to Mimosoideae at Wikimedia Commons

April 12, 2024
mimosoideae, traditional, subfamily, trees, herbs, lianas, shrubs, family, fabaceae, that, mostly, grow, tropical, subtropical, climates, they, typically, characterized, having, radially, symmetric, flowers, with, petals, that, twice, divided, valvate, with, n. The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees herbs lianas and shrubs in the pea family Fabaceae that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers with petals that are twice divided valvate in bud and with numerous showy prominent stamens MimosoideaeCalliandra emarginataScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FabalesFamily FabaceaeSubfamily CaesalpinioideaeClade Mimosoid cladeDC Informal groupsSee textDistribution of the MimosoideaeSynonymsAcaciaceae E Meyer Mimosaceae R BrownRecent work on phylogenetic relationships has found that the Mimosoideae form a clade nested with subfamily Caesalpinioideae and the most recent classification by The Legume Phylogeny Working Group refer to them as the Mimosoid clade within subfamily Caesalpinioideae 1 The group includes about 40 genera and 2 500 species Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Basal Mimosoideae 1 2 Acacia clade 1 3 Fossils 2 Systematics 3 Acacieae 3 1 Relationships 3 2 Description 4 References 5 External linksTaxonomy editSome classification systems for example the Cronquist system treat the Fabaceae in a narrow sense raising the Mimisoideae to the rank of family as Mimosaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group treats Fabaceae in the broad sense The Mimosoideae were historically subdivided into four tribes Acacieae Ingeae Mimoseae and Mimozygantheae However modern molecular phylogenetics has shown that these groupings were artificial Several informal subgroups have been proposed but not yet described formally as tribes 2 3 4 5 6 7 Additionally the genus Acacia was recently segregated into five genera Acacia sensu stricto Acaciella Mariosousa Senegalia and Vachellia 8 9 Basal Mimosoideae edit Adenanthera group 10 Adenanthera L Amblygonocarpus Harms Calpocalyx Harms Pseudoprosopis Harms Tetrapleura Benth Xylia Benth Entada group 10 Elephantorrhiza Benth Entada Adans Piptadeniastrum Brenan Newtonia group Fillaeopsis Harms Indopiptadenia Brenan Lemurodendron Villiers amp P Guinet Newtonia Baill Prosopis group Prosopis L Xerocladia Harv Mimozyganthus group 11 Mimozyganthus Burkart Piptadeniopsis Burkart Prosopidastrum Burkart Leucaena group 5 11 Desmanthus Willd Kanaloa Lorence amp K R Wood Leucaena Benth Schleinitzia Warb ex Nevling amp Niezgoda Dichrostachys group 5 6 11 Alantsilodendron Villiers Calliandropsis H M Hern amp P Guinet Dichrostachys DC Wight amp Arn Gagnebina Neck ex DC Unassigned Aubrevillea Pellegr Chidlowia Hoyle Cylicodiscus Harms Neptunia Lour Pentaclethra Benth Plathymenia Benth Acacia clade edit nbsp The lead tree Leucaena leucocephala is used for fiber and livestock fodder Parkia group Anadenanthera Speg Parkia R Br Piptadenia group 6 12 13 Adenopodia C Presl Microlobius C Presl Mimosa L 14 Parapiptadenia Brenan Piptadenia Benth Pityrocarpa Britton amp Rose Pseudopiptadenia Rauschert Stryphnodendron Mart Abarema group 15 16 17 Abarema Pittier Balizia Barneby amp J W Grimes Hydrochorea Barneby amp J W Grimes Ingeae grade Paraphyletic Acaciella Britton amp Rose 18 Afrocalliandra E R Souza amp L P Queiroz Albizia Durazz Archidendron F Muell Archidendropsis I C Nielsen Blanchetiodendron Barneby amp J W Grimes Calliandra Benth Cathormion Benth Hassk Cedrelinga Ducke Chloroleucon Benth Britton amp Rose Cojoba Britton amp Rose Enterolobium Mart Faidherbia A Chev Falcataria I C Nielsen Barneby amp J W Grimes 19 Hesperalbizia Barneby amp J W Grimes Inga Mill Leucochloron Barneby amp J W Grimes Lysiloma Benth Macrosamanea Britton amp Rose Pararchidendron I C Nielsen Pseudosamanea Harms Samanea Benth Merr Sanjappa E R Souza amp Krishnaraj 20 Serianthes Benth Thailentadopsis Kosterm Viguieranthus Villiers Wallaceodendron Koord Zapoteca H M Hern Zygia P Browne Pithecellobium group 16 17 Ebenopsis Britton amp Rose Havardia Small Painteria Britton amp Rose Pithecellobium Mart Sphinga Barneby amp J W Grimes Unassigned Acacia Mill Mariosousa Seigler amp Ebinger Paraserianthes I C Nielsen Parasenegalia Seigler amp Ebinger Pseudosenegalia Seigler amp Ebinger Senegalia Raf Vachellia Wight amp Arn Fossils edit The following fossil wood morphogenera have been described 21 22 Acacioxylon Schenk 1883 Adenantheroxylon Prakash amp Tripathi 1968 Albizinium Prakash 1975 Albizzioxylon Nikitin 1935 Anadenantheroxylon Brea et al 2001 Cathormion Gros 1990 Dichrostachyoxylon Muller Stoll amp Madel 1967 Eucacioxylon Muller Stoll amp Madel 1967 Ingoxylon Muller Stoll amp Madel 1967 Menendoxylon Lutz 1979 Metacacioxylon Gros 1981 Microlobiusxylon Franco amp Brea 2010 Mimosoxylon Muller Stoll amp Madel 1967 Mimosaceoxylon Lakhanpal amp Prakash1970 Paraalbizioxylon Gros 1992 Paracacioxylon Muller Stoll amp Madel 1967 Piptadenioxylon Suguio amp Mussa 1978 Prosopisinoxylon Martinez Tetrapleuroxylon Muller Stoll amp Madel 1967Systematics editModern molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 18 DiptychandraMoldenhaweraPachyelasmaErythrophleumMimosoideae ChidlowiaAdenanthera GroupPentaclethraNewtonia GroupPlathymeniaEntada GroupCylicodiscusProsopis GroupMimozyganthus GroupNeptuniaLeucaena GroupDichrostachys GroupAcacia Clade 29 VachelliaParkia GroupPiptadenia GroupSenegaliaParasenegaliaMariosousaAbarema GroupIngeae GradePithecellobium GroupParaserianthes 19 Austroacacia 29 Acacieae edit nbsp Senegalia catechuAcacieae Dumort 1829 30 is a wide ranging polyphyletic tribe of legumes in the Mimosoideae 31 that is native to the tropics subtropics and warm temperate regions It includes five or six genera and some 1 450 species Subdivision 5 or 6 genera Acacia Mill type genus 31 Vachellia Wight amp Arn Senegalia Rafinesque Acaciella Britton amp Rose Mariosousa Seigler amp Ebinger Racosperma MartiusRelationships edit In Bentham s 1842 circumscription of the subfamily Mimosoideae Acacieae was one of its three constituent tribes the others being Ingeae Benth amp Hook f and Mimoseae Bornn 32 His Acacieae tribe of 1842 included many genera that were subsequently assigned to tribe Ingeae Benth In 1875 however Bentham narrowed his definition of Acacieae so as to include only Acacia Mill 33 The only morphological character of Acacieae used to distinguish it from the Ingeae is the presence of free stamens as in tribe Mimoseae 32 In the Ingeae they are fused in the form of a tube whereas in the Acacieae only a few species have the stamens fused at the base Several characters of the foliage seeds seed pods pollen and stipules are shared by the two tribes 32 The flower morphology of Acacia s l has characteristics in common with the genera Leucaena Piptadenia and Mimosa tribe Mimoseae and Enterolobium and Lysiloma tribe Ingeae 34 The tribal position of monotypic genus Faidherbia A Chevalier is equivocal 31 It was included in the Acacieae by Vassal 1981 and Maslin et al 2003 but Lewis amp Rico Arce placed it in tribe Ingeae following Polhill 1994 and Luckow et al 2003 31 35 In the latter case tribe Acacieae may conform to genus Acacia s l pending the latter s relationship to other mimosoid genera Faidherbia is troublesome as its stamens are shortly united at their base and its pollen is similar to some taxa in the Ingeae 33 Description edit They are trees shrubs or lianas which may be armed or unarmed 36 Where they have spines these are modified stipules In some prickles arise from the stem s cortex and epidermis 37 The leaves are bipinnate or are modified to vertically oriented phyllodes A few have cladodes rather than leaves 38 Extrafloral nectaries may be present on the petiole and rachis and the pinnule tips may carry protein lipid Beltian bodies 37 The leaflets are usually opposite and are carried on shortly stalks or are sessile The heartwood is typically red and hard 39 and the sap of various species hardens into gum 38 The inflorescences are dense pedunculate heads or spikes borne in axillary clusters or are aggregated in terminal panicles 36 The tetra or pentamerous flowers are uniformly bisexual or male and bisexual Sepals are connate i e fused and valvate i e not overlapping The reduced petals are valvate or rarely absent The flowers have numerous exserted i e protruding stamens gt 2 as many as the corolla lobes 34 and their filaments are sometimes connate at their base forming a short stemonozone Male flowers of some Neotropical species have a reduced staminal tube cf A albicorticata A hindsii A farnesiana and S picachensis 34 Flowers are usually yellow or cream coloured but may be white red or purple 38 The ovary is sessile or stipitate i e supported by a stipe with many ovules or ovules arranged in two rows The ovary is attached by a filiform style to a small capitate stigma The legume s endocarp is attached to the exocarp but is otherwise very variable and may be dehiscent or indehiscent Seeds are usually elliptic to oblong and flattened to varying degrees Seeds have a hard black brown testa i e seed coat with a pleurogram visible as a closed or almost closed O shaped line Some phyllodinous species have a colourful aril or elaiosome on the seed 36 References edit The Legume Phylogeny Working Group LPWG 2017 A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny Taxon 66 1 44 77 doi 10 12705 661 3 Bouchenak Khelladi Y Maurin O Hurter J van der Bank M 2010 The evolutionary history and biogeography of Mimosoideae Leguminosae An emphasis on African acacias Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 2 495 508 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2010 07 019 PMID 20696261 Brown GK 2008 Systematics of the tribe Ingeae Leguminosae Mimosoideae over the past 25 years PDF Muelleria 26 1 27 42 doi 10 5962 p 292491 S2CID 51898140 Archived from the original PDF on 2019 03 24 Retrieved 2017 02 06 Lewis GP Elias TS 1981 Mimoseae In Polhill RM Raven PH eds Advances in Legume Systematics Parts 1 and 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew pp 155 168 ISBN 9780855212247 a b c Luckow M White PJ Bruneau A 2000 Relationships among the basal genera of mimosoid legumes In Herendeen PS Bruneau A Pollard PS eds Advances in Legume Systematics Part 9 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew pp 165 180 ISBN 9781842460177 a b c Luckow M Miller JT Murphy DJ Livshultz T 2003 A phylogenetic analysis of the Mimosoideae Leguminosae based on chloroplast DNA sequence data PDF In Klitgaard BB Bruneau A eds Advances in Legume Systematics Part 10 Higher Level Systematics Royal Botanic Gardens Kew pp 197 220 ISBN 9781842460542 Hughes CE Bailey CD Krosnick S Luckow MA 2003 Relationships among genera of the informal Dichrostachys and Leucaena groups Mimosoideae inferred from ribosomal ITS sequences PDF In Klitgaard BB Bruneau A eds Advances in Legume Systematics Part 10 Higher Level Systematics Royal Botanic Gardens Kew pp 221 238 ISBN 9781842460542 Murphy DJ Brown GK Miller JT Ladiges PY 2010 Molecular phylogeny of Acacia Mill Mimosoideae Leguminosae Evidence for major clades and informal classification Taxon 59 1 7 19 doi 10 1002 tax 591002 JSTOR 27757046 Kyalangalilwa B Boatwright JS Daru BH Maurin O van der Bank M 2013 Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s l Fabaceae Mimosoideae in Africa including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172 4 500 523 doi 10 1111 boj 12047 a b Cury de Barros T Padua Teixeira S 2016 Revisited anatomy of anther glands in mimosoids Leguminosae International Journal of Plant Sciences 177 1 18 33 doi 10 1086 683844 S2CID 86054291 a b c Luckow M Fortunato RH Sede S Livshultz T 2005 The phylogenetic affinities of two mysterious monotypic mimosoids from southern South America Syst Bot 30 3 585 602 doi 10 1600 0363644054782206 S2CID 85970875 Jobson RW Luckow M 2007 Phylogenetic study of the genus Piptadenia Mimosoideae Leguminosae using plastid trnL F and trnK matK sequence data Syst Bot 32 3 569 575 doi 10 1600 036364407782250544 S2CID 85754653 Simon MF Pastore JFB Souza AF Borges LM Scalon VR Ribeiro PG Santos Silva J Souza VC de Queiroz LP 2016 Molecular phylogeny of Stryphnodendron Mimosoideae Leguminosae and generic delimitations in the Piptadenia Group International Journal of Plant Sciences 177 1 44 59 doi 10 1086 684077 S2CID 86335883 Simon MF Grether R de Queiroz LP Skema C Pennington RT Hughes CE 2009 Recent assembly of the Cerrado a neotropical plant diversity hotspot by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 48 20359 20364 Bibcode 2009PNAS 10620359S doi 10 1073 pnas 0903410106 PMC 2787167 PMID 19918050 Iganci JRV Soares MV Guerra E Morim MP 2016 A Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of the Abarema Alliance Leguminosae and Implications for Taxonomic Rearrangement International Journal of Plant Sciences 177 1 34 43 doi 10 1086 684078 S2CID 85889311 a b Brown GK Murphy DJ Miller JT Ladiges PY 2008 Acacia s s and its relationship among tropical legumes tribe Ingeae Leguminosae Mimosoideae Syst Bot 33 4 739 751 doi 10 1600 036364408786500136 S2CID 85910836 a b de Souza ER Lewis GP Forest F Schnadelbach AS van den Berg C de Queiroz LP 2013 Phylogeny of Calliandra Leguminosae Mimosoideae based on nuclear and plastid molecular markers Taxon 62 6 1200 1219 doi 10 12705 626 2 a b Seigler DS Ebinger JE 2017 Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia Fabaceae Mimosoideae New genera of the Mimosoideae Novon 25 2 180 205 doi 10 3417 2015050 S2CID 90369571 a b Brown GK Murphy DJ Ladiges PY 2011 Relationships of the Australo Malesian genus Paraserianthes Mimosoideae Leguminosae identifies the sister group of Acacia sensu stricto and two biogeographical tracks Cladistics 27 4 380 390 doi 10 1111 j 1096 0031 2011 00349 x PMID 34875795 S2CID 85416700 de Souza ER Krishnara MV de Queiroz LP 2016 Sanjappa a new genus in the tribe Ingeae Leguminosae Mimosoideae from India PDF Rheedea 26 1 1 12 Franco Maria Jimena Brea Mariana 2010 Microlobiusxylon paranaensis gen et sp nov Fabaceae Mimosoideae from the Pliocene Pleistocene of Ituzaingo Formation Parana Basin Argentina Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 13 2 103 114 doi 10 4072 rbp 2010 2 03 Martinez Leandro C A 2010 Prosopisinoxylon anciborae nov gen et sp Leguminosae Mimosoideae from the Late Miocene Chiquimil Formation Santa Maria Group Catamarca Argentina Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 158 3 4 262 271 doi 10 1016 j revpalbo 2009 09 006 Bruneau A Forest F Herendeen PS Klitgaard BB Lewis GP 2001 Phylogenetic Relationships in the Caesalpinioideae Leguminosae as Inferred from Chloroplast trnL Intron Sequences Syst Bot 26 3 487 514 doi 10 1043 0363 6445 26 3 487 inactive 31 January 2024 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of January 2024 link Miller JT Grimes JW Murphy DJ Bayer RJ Ladiges PY 2003 A phylogenetic analysis of the Acacieae and Ingeae Mimosoideae Fabaceae based on trnK matK psbA trnH and trnL trnF sequence data Syst Bot 28 3 558 566 doi 10 1043 02 48 1 inactive 31 January 2024 JSTOR 25063895 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of January 2024 link Bruneau A Mercure M Lewis GP Herendeen PS 2008 Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in the caesalpinioid legumes Botany 86 7 697 718 doi 10 1139 B08 058 Miller JT Murphy DJ Brown GK Richardson DM Gonzalez Orozco CE 2011 The evolution and phylogenetic placement of invasive Australian Acacia species Diversity and Distributions 17 5 848 860 doi 10 1111 j 1472 4642 2011 00780 x hdl 10019 1 117082 S2CID 86727446 Manzanilla V Bruneau A 2012 Phylogeny reconstruction in the Caesalpinieae grade Leguminosae based on duplicated copies of the sucrose synthase gene and plastid markers Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65 1 149 162 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2012 05 035 PMID 22699157 LPWG Legume Phylogeny Working Group 2013 Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century Progress prospects and lessons for other species rich clades PDF Taxon 62 2 217 248 doi 10 12705 622 8 hdl 10566 3455 a b c Miller JT Seigler D Mishler BD 2014 A phylogenetic solution to the Acacia problem Taxon 63 3 653 658 doi 10 12705 633 2 Taxon Tribe Acacieae Dumort 1829 plant The Taxonomicon Retrieved 19 November 2015 a b c d Lewis G P Acacieae Dumort 1829 Kew Archived from the original on 6 September 2015 Retrieved 19 November 2015 a b c Shinwari Zabta K Jamil Khansa Zahra Nadia Batool 2014 Molecular systematics of selected genera of subfamily Mimosoideae Fabaceae PDF Pak J Bot 46 2 591 598 Retrieved 23 November 2015 a b Miller Joseph T Bayer Randall J April 2001 Molecular phylogenetics of Acacia Fabaceae Mimosoideae based on the chloroplast MATK coding sequence and flanking TRNK intron spacer regions Am J Bot 88 4 697 705 doi 10 2307 2657071 JSTOR 2657071 PMID 11302857 a b c Rico Arce M de L Bachman S 2006 12 30 A taxonomic revision of Acaciella Leguminosae Mimosoideae Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 63 2 189 244 doi 10 3989 ajbm 2006 v63 i2 7 Taxon Genus Faidherbia A Chevalier 1934 plant The Taxonomicon Retrieved 19 November 2015 a b c 吴德邻 Wu Delin Nielsen Ivan C 2009 Flora of China 6 Tribe ACACIEAE PDF Missouri Botanical Garden Press Retrieved 19 November 2015 a b Armstrong W P Botany 115 Vegetative Terminology Modified Roots Stems and Leaves Waynes Word Retrieved 19 November 2015 a b c Acacia Thorntree EOL Retrieved 22 November 2015 Nicholson Paul T Shaw Ian eds 2000 Ancient Egyptian materials and technology 1 publ repr ed Cambridge Cambridge Univ Press p 335 ISBN 9780521452571 External links edit nbsp Data related to Acacieae at Wikispecies nbsp Media related to Mimosoideae at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mimosoideae amp oldid 1201970006, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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