Millî Görüş

Millî Görüş (Turkish: [milˈliː ɟœˈɾyʃ], lit. 'National Outlook' or 'National Vision') or Erbakanism is a religious-political movement and the ideology of a series of Islamist parties inspired by Necmettin Erbakan. It argues that Turkey can develop with its own human and economic power by protecting its core values and moving forward with faster steps by rivaling European imperialism.^[1] Multiple political parties in Turkey adopted the ideology, such as New Welfare Party, Felicity Party, Virtue Party, Welfare Party, National Salvation Party and National Order Party.

Necmettin Erbakan, leader of Millî Görüş

It has been called one of "the leading Turkish diaspora organizations in Europe"^[2] and also described as the largest Islamic organization operating in the West.^[3] Founded in 1969, the movement claimed to have "87,000 members across Europe, including 50,000 in Germany," as of 2005.^[4] The term also refers to the "religious vision" of the organization^[2] that emphasizes the moral and spiritual strength of Islamic faith (iman) and explains the Muslim world's decline as a result of its ignorance and imitation of Western values.^[5] The movement is active in nearly all European countries and also countries like Australia,^[6] Canada and the United States.

Head office of the Islamic Community Milli Görüş in Köln, Germany.

Background

In 1969 the Turkish politician Necmettin Erbakan published a manifesto that he gave the title Millî Görüş.^[7] It spoke only in the most general terms of Islamic moral and religious education but devoted much attention to industrialization, development and economic independence.^{[citation needed]}

It warned against further rapprochement towards Europe, considering the Common Market to be a Zionist and Catholic project for the assimilation and de-Islamization of Turkey and called instead for Pan-Islamism. According to author Banu Eligur, Erbakan and the party "used the code words national and culture to refer to Islam, and National Vision to refer to the project of Political Islam" as "it is illegal" in Turkey "to use religious symbols for political purposes."^[8]

The name of Millî Görüş would remain associated with a religio-political movement and a series of Islamist parties inspired by Erbakan, one succeeding the other as they were banned for violating Turkey’s secularist legislation.

Islamist rift

Following the ban of the Virtue Party (FP), a rift that had been developing in the movement resulted in two parties taking its place, the Felicity Party (SP) representing Erbakan’s old guard, and the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) led by younger and more pragmatic politicians around Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, which claims to have renounced a specifically Islamist agenda. The AK Party convincingly won the 2002 elections and formed a government with a strong popular mandate, that brought Turkey closer to acceptance for membership in the European Union than any previous government had done.

European Turkish diaspora

Among the Turkish immigrants in Western Europe, Milli Görüş became one of the major, if not the major, religious movements, controlling numerous mosques. Like the movement in Turkey, it went through some remarkable changes, not least because the first generation, which was strongly oriented towards what happened in Turkey, is gradually surrendering leadership to a younger generation that grew up in Europe and is concerned with entirely different matters. Milli Görüş' public profile shows considerable differences from one country to the next, suggesting that nature of the interaction with the 'host' societies may have as much of an impact on its character as a religious movement as the relationship with the 'mother' movement in Turkey.

Germany

According to several sources in Germany the attitude of the German branch towards Turkey has completely changed. After the taking over of Erdogan and the AKP the organisation is mainly serving the interest of the Turkish government which now subsidizes the organisation. Diyanet, AKP and the Turkish government practically control the organisations public statements and appearances.^{[9][10][11] [12][13]}

Because of fraud and criminal offences of the board of directors several trials are running against the organisation.^[14][15][16]

Timeline

See also

• Turks in Europe
• Kurdish Political Movement in Turkey

Footnotes

1. Ömer BAYKAL; Ömer ÇAHA. "Milli Görüş Hareketinin Kuruluşu: Türk Siyasetinde Milli Nizam Partisi Deneyimi". DergiPark. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
2. Religion and politics in Turkey By Ali Çarkŏğlu, Barry Rubin, Barry M. Rubin, p.63
3. An interview with the President of the IGMG: visit . Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
4. Where next? by Zachary Shore, July 15, 2005
5. Religion and politics in Turkey By Ali Çarkŏğlu, Barry Rubin, Barry M. Rubin, p.64
6. Australia Milli Gorus: visit http://www.icmg.org.au
7. Atacan 2005, 187-188.
8. The Mobilization of Political Islam in Turkey By Banu Eligur, p.66-7
9. Joachim Frank (31 March 2018), "Türkische Islam-Verbände: Ditib und Milli Görüs im Schulterschluss", Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger (in German), retrieved 2018-06-17
10. "Große Erwartungen, falsche Voraussetzungen – murat-kayman.de" (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-17.
11. Bundesregierung Antwort Kleine Anfrage (2018-04-25). "DITIB als verlängerter Arm des türkischen Präsidenten Erdoğan" (PDF). Deutscher Bundestag Drucksache 19/1869. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
12. "Osmanische Krieger am Rheinufer – murat-kayman.de" (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-19.
13. Yasemin Ergin, Berlin (19 June 2018), "Türken in Deutschland: Schwindender Rückhalt für Erdogan", Faz.net (in German), ISSN 0174-4909, retrieved 2018-08-22
14. Daniel Bax (2017-09-12), "Klagen gegen Milli-Görüş-Funktionäre: Die verschlungenen Wege des Geldes", Die Tageszeitung: Taz (in German), ISSN 0931-9085, retrieved 2018-06-17
15. Ansgar Siemens (2017-09-18), "Prozess gegen Ex-Islamfunktionäre: Das Millionenopfer", Spiegel Online (in German), retrieved 2018-06-17
16. Yuriko Wahl-Immel (2017-09-19), "Islamverband Milli Görüs soll jahrelang Gläubige und Fiskus betrogen haben", Die Welt (in German), retrieved 2018-06-17

Literature

• Atacan, Fulya (2005). "Explaining Religious Politics at the Crossroad: AKP-SP". Turkish Studies. 6 (2): 187–199. doi:10.1080/14683840500119510. S2CID 144994333.
• Werner Schiffauer (27 August 2010). "Compulsory Reading for Germany's Guardians of the Constitution". Qantara.de. Retrieved 26 July 2016.